Minuscule 475
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 475 α 138 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 11th century.
Scrivener labelled it by number 515. It has full marginalia
.
s on 272 parchment leaves (size ), with some lacunae
(John 16:8-22). Other lacunae (Mark 3:6-21; Luke 12:48-12:2; John 18:27-21:25) were supplied on coarse cotton paper by a rude and later hand, perhaps from 14th or 15th century. According to Scrivener the supplied texts were very carelessly written. The text is written in one column per page, 21-24 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the margin. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections
(in Mark 233 Sections – the last section 16:8), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian section numbers).
The capital letters and Ammonian Section numbers are in red, references to the Eusebian Canons in blue or green.
It contains tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before three of the Gospels (those of Matthew were lost), lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), versification, and pictures.
It is beautifully written but tampered by a later hand.
There is no iota subscriptum, but iota adscript
um occurs 21 times.
In Luke 19:39 and Luke 22:70 occurs grammar form ειπαν.
Fragments supplied by a later hand contain more itacisms than the manuscript itself.
It has N ephelkystikon.
. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kx
. Aland
placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx
in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it belongs to the textual cluster 475.
In Luke 19-20 it has very good text, very close to the codex Sangallensis, and other old Uncials.
It has some rare readings in Matthew 1:20; 27:33; Mark 10:17; 15:7; Luke 1:34; 14:12.22.27; 15:7; 16:2; 18:6.39; 19:2.46; 20:3.4.12.24.25.28.31.38.47; 21:22.27; 22:17.46.47.56.68; 23:27.38.53; John 6:58.70; 10:23.
The manuscript was once in Constantinople
. It was brought from the East to England by Carlyle
(1759-1804), professor of Arabic, from Syria, along with the manuscripts 470
, 471
, 472
, 473
, 474
, 488
.
The manuscript was examined by J. Farrer in 1804, Bloomfield
, Scrivener, and Gregory. Scrivener
collated and published its text in 1852. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (515) and Gregory (475). Gregory saw it in 1883.
It is currently housed at the Lambeth Palace
(1192) in London
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 11th century.
Scrivener labelled it by number 515. It has full marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
.
Description
The codex contains the text of the GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 272 parchment leaves (size ), with some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(John 16:8-22). Other lacunae (Mark 3:6-21; Luke 12:48-12:2; John 18:27-21:25) were supplied on coarse cotton paper by a rude and later hand, perhaps from 14th or 15th century. According to Scrivener the supplied texts were very carelessly written. The text is written in one column per page, 21-24 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the margin. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...
(in Mark 233 Sections – the last section 16:8), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian section numbers).
The capital letters and Ammonian Section numbers are in red, references to the Eusebian Canons in blue or green.
It contains tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before three of the Gospels (those of Matthew were lost), lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), versification, and pictures.
It is beautifully written but tampered by a later hand.
There is no iota subscriptum, but iota adscript
Iota adscript
In Greek polytonic orthography, the iota adscript is a iota written after a long vowel in a long diphthong, as opposed to below the vowel as a small vertical stroke ....
um occurs 21 times.
In Luke 19:39 and Luke 22:70 occurs grammar form ειπαν.
Fragments supplied by a later hand contain more itacisms than the manuscript itself.
It has N ephelkystikon.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it belongs to the textual cluster 475.
In Luke 19-20 it has very good text, very close to the codex Sangallensis, and other old Uncials.
It has some rare readings in Matthew 1:20; 27:33; Mark 10:17; 15:7; Luke 1:34; 14:12.22.27; 15:7; 16:2; 18:6.39; 19:2.46; 20:3.4.12.24.25.28.31.38.47; 21:22.27; 22:17.46.47.56.68; 23:27.38.53; John 6:58.70; 10:23.
History
F. H. A. Scrivener dated the manuscript to the 13th century, C. R. Gregory dated it to the 11th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 11th century.The manuscript was once in Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
. It was brought from the East to England by Carlyle
Joseph Dacre Carlyle
Joseph Dacre Carlyle was an English orientalist, born in Carlisle, England, where his father was a physician.In 1775 he went to Cambridge, and was elected a fellow of Queens' College in 1779, taking the degree of Bachelor of Divinity in 1793...
(1759-1804), professor of Arabic, from Syria, along with the manuscripts 470
Minuscule 470
Minuscule 470 , α 136 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Scrivener labelled it number 509...
, 471
Minuscule 471
Minuscule 471 , α 136 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. Scrivener labelled it by number 510...
, 472
Minuscule 472
Minuscule 472 , α 1386 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 473
Minuscule 473
Minuscule 473 , α 1390 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.Scrivener labelled it by number 512...
, 474
Minuscule 474
Minuscule 474 , α 137 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 488
Minuscule 488
Minuscule 488 , ε 4006 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century.Scrivener labeled it by number 514....
.
The manuscript was examined by J. Farrer in 1804, Bloomfield
Samuel Thomas Bloomfield
Samuel Thomas Bloomfield was an English clergyman and Biblical textual critic. His Greek New Testament was widely used, in England and the United States.-Life:His surname was also spelled Blomfield or Blumfield...
, Scrivener, and Gregory. Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
The Reverend Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, LL.D. was an important text critic of the New Testament and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible...
collated and published its text in 1852. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (515) and Gregory (475). Gregory saw it in 1883.
It is currently housed at the Lambeth Palace
Lambeth Palace
Lambeth Palace is the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury in England. It is located in Lambeth, on the south bank of the River Thames a short distance upstream of the Palace of Westminster on the opposite shore. It was acquired by the archbishopric around 1200...
(1192) in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- F. H. A. Scrivener, A Full and Exact Collation of About 20 Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospels (Cambridge and London, 1852), pp. XXXIV–XXXVI. (as f)