Mohammad Boroujerdi
Encyclopedia
Major General
Mohammad Boroujerdi ,M (1955 - May 1983) was an Iran
ian soldier: one of the founders of Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution (AGIR or Revolutionary Guard); and a commander in Iran-Iraq War
. He played key roles in regaining control over the territories of Kurdistan
by Iranian forces.
to farmer parents. The name of the town was renamed after him then. The family inhabited in Tehran
several years after the death of the father. He worked as a tailor and studied at nightly schools. Boroujerdi began to attend Quranic
and theological courses at 14 years old. He married at 17.
and was participating in their clandestine political and religious study groups. Boroujerdi faced mandatory military service, however he deserted and fled to Iran-Iraq
border to meet Ruhollah Khomeini
in Iraq. After capturing by SAVAK
and confining for six months, he was forced to finish the military service. His mother narrates that she has seen them beating him during the imprisonment. A comrade, "Hemmat" related of his discord with PMOI
members in prison, on him bound up with Fatwā
. After the military service he restarted his political activities by contacting revolutionaries like Mahdi Iraqi
; and replicating statements and audio cassettes of Khomeini in his home for publicization. He believed in armed struggle against Pahlavis, so he left to Syria
in 1977 and contacted Musa al-Sadr
and "Mohammad Montazeri". Boroujerdi improved his military and partisan skills at the camps of Amal Movement
. He left Syria to Lebanon
and was acquainted with Mostafa Chamran
. After the first major demonstrations to overthrow the Shah in January 1978, he led some guerrilla warfares against the monarchy in Iran.
His major activities at the time included:
for a short time. Afterwards, he joined AGIR with himself as one the 12 founders.
. He helped breaking the siege of Sanandaj
garrison occupied by communist
guerrillas and federalist parties, including: KDPI
, Fedai Guerrillas
and Peykar
. He put forward the establishment of "Muslim Peshmerga
of Kurdistan" and served as its originator and commander. Boroujerdi was also the commander of AGIR in Kurdistan, and played important roles in regaining Sardasht
, Baneh
and Piranshahr
from KDPI.
's army in October 1980. Although Boroujerdi served mostly in the west of Iran, but he was also involved in some military campaigns in the south; including Operation Tarigh ol-Qods for regaining Bostan
and Operation Fath-ol-Mobeen. After the partitioning of AGIR, he was appointed as the commander of its seventh zone; which included Hamedan, Kermanshah
, Kurdistan
and Ilam
provinces. He was also the deputy of "Hamzeh Seyedo-Shohaha" headquarter. His major proteges included: "Ahmad motavaselian", "Naser Kazemi" and "Mohammad Ebrahim Hemmat". Boroujerdi was killed (Martyr in Iran) by a land mine on Mahabad
-Naqadeh road. His comrades have talked about his kindness, fair treatment of people, faith and stamina. He fathered two children.
Major General
Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general...
Mohammad Boroujerdi ,M (1955 - May 1983) was an Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
ian soldier: one of the founders of Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution (AGIR or Revolutionary Guard); and a commander in Iran-Iraq War
Iran-Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the longest conventional war of the twentieth century...
. He played key roles in regaining control over the territories of Kurdistan
Kurdistan Province (Iran)
Kurdistan Province or Kordestan Province or Kurdestan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, not to be confused with the greater geographical area of Iranian Kurdistan. The province of Kurdistan is 28,817 km² in area which encompasses just one-fourth of the Kurdish inhabited areas of Iran or...
by Iranian forces.
Early life
Boroujerdi was born in "Darreh Gorg" village of Borujerd CountyBorujerd County
Borujerd County is a county in Lorestan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Borujerd. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 320,547, in 82,676 families. The county is subdivided into two districts: the Central District and Oshtorinan District...
to farmer parents. The name of the town was renamed after him then. The family inhabited in Tehran
Tehran
Tehran , sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, one of the largest cities in Western Asia, and is the world's 19th largest city.In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to...
several years after the death of the father. He worked as a tailor and studied at nightly schools. Boroujerdi began to attend Quranic
Qur'an
The Quran , also transliterated Qur'an, Koran, Alcoran, Qur’ān, Coran, Kuran, and al-Qur’ān, is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God . It is regarded widely as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language...
and theological courses at 14 years old. He married at 17.
Iranian Revolution
He came into connect with "Islamic Coalition Party" before Iranian RevolutionIranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the...
and was participating in their clandestine political and religious study groups. Boroujerdi faced mandatory military service, however he deserted and fled to Iran-Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
border to meet Ruhollah Khomeini
Ruhollah Khomeini
Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini was an Iranian religious leader and politician, and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran...
in Iraq. After capturing by SAVAK
SAVAK
SAVAK was the secret police, domestic security and intelligence service established by Iran's Mohammad Reza Shah on the recommendation of the British Government and with the help of the United States' Central Intelligence Agency SAVAK (Persian: ساواک, short for سازمان اطلاعات و امنیت کشور...
and confining for six months, he was forced to finish the military service. His mother narrates that she has seen them beating him during the imprisonment. A comrade, "Hemmat" related of his discord with PMOI
People's Mujahedin of Iran
The People's Mujahedin of Iran is a terrorist militant organization that advocates the overthrow of the Islamic Republic of Iran....
members in prison, on him bound up with Fatwā
Fatwa
A fatwā in the Islamic faith is a juristic ruling concerning Islamic law issued by an Islamic scholar. In Sunni Islam any fatwā is non-binding, whereas in Shia Islam it could be considered by an individual as binding, depending on his or her relation to the scholar. The person who issues a fatwā...
. After the military service he restarted his political activities by contacting revolutionaries like Mahdi Iraqi
Mahdi Iraqi
Mahdi Iraqi was a founder of Fadayan-e Islam. He and a friend had participated in Hassan-Ali Mansur's terror, and he was kept in prison during the Shah's regime until the Iranian Revolution. After the revolution he was in charge of Qasr Prison, the prison from which he had recently been freed. He...
; and replicating statements and audio cassettes of Khomeini in his home for publicization. He believed in armed struggle against Pahlavis, so he left to Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
in 1977 and contacted Musa al-Sadr
Musa al-Sadr
For the Twelver Shī‘ah Imām, see Mūsá al-KāżimMūsá aṣ-Ṣadr , also Musā-ye Sader and Moussa Sadr), was an Iranian-Lebanese philosopher and Shī‘ah religious leader who disappeared in August 1978...
and "Mohammad Montazeri". Boroujerdi improved his military and partisan skills at the camps of Amal Movement
Amal Movement
Amal Movement is short for the Lebanese Resistance Detachments the acronym for which, in Arabic, is "amal", meaning "hope."Amal was founded in 1975 as the militia wing of the Movement of the Disinherited, a Shi'a political movement founded by Musa...
. He left Syria to Lebanon
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
and was acquainted with Mostafa Chamran
Mostafa Chamran
Mostafa Chamran Savei was an Iranian scientist who served as first Defence Minister of post-revolutionary Iran and as member of parliament, as well as commander of paramilitary volunteers in Iran–Iraq War. He was killed during the war...
. After the first major demonstrations to overthrow the Shah in January 1978, he led some guerrilla warfares against the monarchy in Iran.
His major activities at the time included:
- The head of escorts of Khomeini in his return from ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, - Disarmament of the police headquarterLaw enforcement in IranLaw enforcement in Iran has 60,000 police personnel served under the Ministry of Interior and Justice, including border patrol personnel.The Police-110 unit specializes in rapid-response activities in urban areas and dispersing gatherings deemed dangerous to public order. Marine police have 100...
in Tehran, - Participating in the building seizure of the National Iranian Radio and TelevisionIslamic Republic of Iran BroadcastingIslamic Republic of Iran Broadcaster, or IRIB, , formerly called the National Iranian Radio and Television until the Islamic revolution of 1979, is a giant Iranian corporation in control of radio and television which is among the largest media organizations in Asia and Pacific region, and a regular...
, - Exploding the bus of American counselor in LavizanLavizanLavizān is a northeastern neighborhood of Tehran, the capital of Iran.Lavizān area consists of a Residential area and forested Recreation area called Lavizān Forest Park. The neighborhoods surrounding Lavizan are Majidabad, Qanat-kosar, Qasemabad, Deh-e Narmak, Shian, Kuye Nobonyad, Ozgol and...
.
After the victory
Boroujerdi was responsible for Evin PrisonEvin Prison
Evin House of Detention is a prison in Iran, located in Evin, northwestern Tehran. It is noted for its political prisoners' wing, where prisoners have been held both before and after the 1979 Iranian Revolution...
for a short time. Afterwards, he joined AGIR with himself as one the 12 founders.
Kurdistan
After the command of Khomeini for suppressing the antirevolutionary rebellions at the dawn of the revolution, Boroujerdi went to PavehPaveh
Paveh is a city in and the capital of Paveh County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19,774, in 5,171 families....
. He helped breaking the siege of Sanandaj
Sanandaj
Sanandaj , also Romanized as Senneh and Sinneh) is a city in and the capital of Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 311,446, in 81,380 families....
garrison occupied by communist
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
guerrillas and federalist parties, including: KDPI
Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran
The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan , abbreviated as PDKI, KDPI, PDK-I, is a Kurdish political party in Iranian Kurdistan which seeks the attainment of Kurdish national rights within a democratic federal republic of Iran....
, Fedai Guerrillas
Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas
The Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas emerged as radical Marxist-Leninist movement in Iran in 1971, formed to overthrow the Pahlavi regime...
and Peykar
Peykar
Peykar also called the Marxist Mojahedin, was a secular splinter group from the People's Mujahedin of Iran , the largest of Iran's guerrilla groups. Its members broke away from the PMoI to support of secular Marxism Leninism, rather than the Leftist Islamist modernism of the People's Mujahedin...
. He put forward the establishment of "Muslim Peshmerga
Peshmerga
Peshmerga or Peshmerge is the term used by Kurds to refer to armed Kurdish fighters. Literally meaning "those who face death" the Peshmerga forces of Kurdistan have been in existence since the advent of the Kurdish independence movement in the early 1920s, following the collapse of the Ottoman...
of Kurdistan" and served as its originator and commander. Boroujerdi was also the commander of AGIR in Kurdistan, and played important roles in regaining Sardasht
Sardasht
Sardasht is a city in and the capital of Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37,115, in 8,224 families....
, Baneh
Baneh
Baneh is a city in and capital of Baneh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69,635, in 15,857 families....
and Piranshahr
Piranshahr
Piranshahr is a city in and the capital of Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57,692, in 12,184 families....
from KDPI.
Iran-Iraq War
As one of the commanders, he averted the fall of "Sar Pol-e Zahab", engineered by SaddamSaddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...
's army in October 1980. Although Boroujerdi served mostly in the west of Iran, but he was also involved in some military campaigns in the south; including Operation Tarigh ol-Qods for regaining Bostan
Bostan
Bostan is a book of poetry by the Persian poet Saadi, completed in 1257.It was Saadi's first work, and its title means "the fruit orchard". The book contains the fruits of Saadi's long experience and his judgements upon life, and is illustrated by a vast collection of anecdotes. It includes...
and Operation Fath-ol-Mobeen. After the partitioning of AGIR, he was appointed as the commander of its seventh zone; which included Hamedan, Kermanshah
Kermanshah Province
Kermanshah Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. The province was known from 1969 to 1986 as Kermanshahan and from 1986 to 1995 as Bakhtaran.-Counties:...
, Kurdistan
Kurdistan Province (Iran)
Kurdistan Province or Kordestan Province or Kurdestan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, not to be confused with the greater geographical area of Iranian Kurdistan. The province of Kurdistan is 28,817 km² in area which encompasses just one-fourth of the Kurdish inhabited areas of Iran or...
and Ilam
Ilam Province
Ilam Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south-west of the country, bordering Iraq. Its provincial center is the city of Ilam. Covering an area of 19,086 square kilometers, the cities of the province are Ilam, Mehran, Dehloran, Dareh Shahr, Sarable, Eyvan, Abdanan and Arkwaz...
provinces. He was also the deputy of "Hamzeh Seyedo-Shohaha" headquarter. His major proteges included: "Ahmad motavaselian", "Naser Kazemi" and "Mohammad Ebrahim Hemmat". Boroujerdi was killed (Martyr in Iran) by a land mine on Mahabad
Mahabad
-Culture:Muhammad Qazi translated more than 70 important literary works into Persian. Other writers and poets have hailed from Mahabad in the 19th and 20th century including Wafaei , Hejar , Hêmin , Abdorrahamn Zabihi and Giw Mukriyani...
-Naqadeh road. His comrades have talked about his kindness, fair treatment of people, faith and stamina. He fathered two children.