Moshe Wolman
Encyclopedia
Moshe Wolman was an Israeli neuropathologist, born in Warsaw
, then part of the Russian Empire
. He is considered one of the fathers of histochemistry. His contributions to histochemistry are extensive and he is a member of the small group of distinguished histochemistry pioneers in the world. In 1954 he described Wolman's disease. In 1964 he became professor
and chairman of pathology
at the Tel Aviv University
. In 1966, he was elected as a member of the prestigious Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina.
In 1939 he married Brigitte "Bigi" Koebbel (1919–2008). Together they had 4 children. Dan, a filmmaker, Ruth, a philosopher, (1944–2005), Naomi, a psychiatrist, and Amnon
, a composer.
of Orde Wingate). He was involved in the operation in 1941 that brought Emperor Haile Selassie back to occupied Ethiopia and was in charge of a medical ward and clinical laboratory in the Menelik Hospital in Addis Ababa in 1941-1944. In 1944, he was posted in the Central Pathology Laboratory of the Middle East Forces located in Cairo, Egypt. In 1945 he was appointed as head of the Pathology Laboratory of the 27th General Hospital in Tel-El-Kabir, Egypt. During this period he was engaged in scientific research and published a series of papers.
In this period, he studied the chemical significance of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining method and showed that the method is not specific for carbohydrates as was thought at the time, but also stains lipids.
A Productive Research Program
In 1951 his research included histochemistry of viral and non-viral inclusion bodies and he continued to study chemical fixatives and fixation techniques. He showed that proteoglycans and polysaccharides of different pK values in their end groups can be differently stained which resulted in the development of Bi-Col procedure (Wolman, 1956). In fact, advances in our understanding of the chemical nature of ground substance remained largely neglected for a generation.
Wolman also studied chemical factors underlying various impregnation procedures for the nervous system. He was also involved in research on demyelination of peripheral nerve sheaths and also showed that black osmium staining light microscopy and its electron density for electron microscopy, appears first in carbohydrates before it stains unsaturated lipids. He also demonstrated the presence of a carbohydrate-containing moiety in myelin (later shown by others to be different proteoglycans) and its importance in myelin breakdown. His research was focused on the oxidation of lipids, the formation of lipid peroxides, their polymerization, and the pathogenesis and nature of lipid pigments.
Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv
In 1959, Wolman was appointed head of the Department of Pathology of the Tel Hashomer Government Hospital (later renamed as the Chaim Sheba Medical Center). He continued to study peripheral nerve demyelinization and membrane structures. Using enzyme histochemical methods, he and his coworkers were able to prove that changes in ion concentrations can induce phase changes in cell membranes. Another study dealt with the substance (or substances) called amyloid (Wolman 1971).
Understanding of the chemistry involved in histological techniques enabled Moshe Wolman in the 1950s to determine that the storage disease, that was later named after him is known as Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency
or Wolman disease
, is caused by accumulation in cells of a mixture of cholesterol and triglycerides and differed substantially from Niemann-Pick Disease
. (Wolman, 1989).
Wolman spent a large amount of energy to formulate the theory and use of polarization microscopy in routine pathology and diagnostic molecular research. He was one of the first to recognize that polarized light microscopy is a powerful tool, which allows the detection of structures that otherwise be obtained only with great difficulty (Wolman, 1970).
In 1964, Wolman was appointed as a full professor and head of the Department of Pathology at the newly founded Medical School of Tel Aviv University. In 1967, he was also appointed chair of the Department of Cell Biology and Histology (Wolman, 1985).
Honors and Publications
For a half-century, Moshe Wolman had been a member of the Histochemical Society (USA), the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine and the Israel Association of Pathologists and (since 1959) the Gesellschaft fur Histochemie. In 1966, Moshe Wolman was elected as a member of the prestigious Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina. In 1984, he founded the Israel Society for Histochemistry and Cytochemistry and served as its president until 1990.
Moshe Wolman authored more than 200 publications and contributions to books. Over the years, he contributed chapters to many textbooks and served on numerous editorial boards including Histochemie (1958).
He was deeply interested in educational and ethical questions. He published a book on ethics and demagoguery and served as a chair person of the ethics committee of the Israeli medical association for many years. He was concerned with the issues of medical errors and published a book together with his daughter, Ruth Manor, on the subject entitled "Doctor's Errors and Mistakes of Medicine: Must Health Care Deteriorate?" (2004)
Moshe Wolman received many distinguished awards and honors. He was the first recipient of the Pearse Prize for Histochemistry awarded by the Royal Microscopial Society (Wolman, 1989) and also received the Pioneer Award of the International Federation of Histochemical Societies (Carpenter, 1990). In 2000, an annual Wolman lecture was inaugurated in his honor by the Israel Society for Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. He was appointed emeritus professor of the Tel Aviv University in 1985 and despite being formally retired remained active and remained a continued source of knowledge and wisdom well into his eighties . His opening remarks in his Pearse Prize Lecture show the wisdom of a great scientist, “…after all, our scientific work is amply rewarded by the clear moments when complex and difficult problems become simple and understandable” (Wolman, 1989).
In 2002, Coleman wrote an article about his life and histochemical research in Acta Histochem:
"It is hard to summarize a lifetime devoted to histochemistry and pathology in a short profile. The development of histochemistry in Israel and the enormous progress that has been made in the last decades owe a lot to the pioneering research and wisdom of Moshe Wolman."
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
, then part of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
. He is considered one of the fathers of histochemistry. His contributions to histochemistry are extensive and he is a member of the small group of distinguished histochemistry pioneers in the world. In 1954 he described Wolman's disease. In 1964 he became professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
and chairman of pathology
Pathology
Pathology is the precise study and diagnosis of disease. The word pathology is from Ancient Greek , pathos, "feeling, suffering"; and , -logia, "the study of". Pathologization, to pathologize, refers to the process of defining a condition or behavior as pathological, e.g. pathological gambling....
at the Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv University is a public university located in Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel. With nearly 30,000 students, TAU is Israel's largest university.-History:...
. In 1966, he was elected as a member of the prestigious Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina.
In 1939 he married Brigitte "Bigi" Koebbel (1919–2008). Together they had 4 children. Dan, a filmmaker, Ruth, a philosopher, (1944–2005), Naomi, a psychiatrist, and Amnon
Amnon Wolman
Amnon Wolman composes music and texts for miscellaneous instruments along with the computer. He holds a doctorate degree in music composition. His catalogue of compositions includes works involving computer generated and processed sounds, symphonic works, vocal and chamber pieces for different...
, a composer.
Early life
Moshe Wolman was born in 1914 in Warsaw, Poland.http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/actahist He immigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1925. He grew up in Tel Aviv and graduated from the prestigious Herzliya Gymnasium (High School). He studied medicine in Italy (Florence 1932-1935 and Rome, 1935–1938). From 1938 to 1940, he worked in the Cancer Research Institute of the Hebrew University and did residency at the department of Internal Medicine of the Hadassah Hospital. In the 1940s, he volunteered to serve in the British Army and joined the 101 Military Mission (the famous Gideon ForceGideon Force
The Gideon Force was a small British-led African regular force which acted as a Corps d'Elite amongst the irregular Ethiopian forces fighting the Italian occupation forces in Ethiopia during the East African Campaign of World War II...
of Orde Wingate). He was involved in the operation in 1941 that brought Emperor Haile Selassie back to occupied Ethiopia and was in charge of a medical ward and clinical laboratory in the Menelik Hospital in Addis Ababa in 1941-1944. In 1944, he was posted in the Central Pathology Laboratory of the Middle East Forces located in Cairo, Egypt. In 1945 he was appointed as head of the Pathology Laboratory of the 27th General Hospital in Tel-El-Kabir, Egypt. During this period he was engaged in scientific research and published a series of papers.
Career: Early Research in Histochemistry
After his release from the army in 1946, Moshe Wolman joined the department of Pathology of the Hadassah Hospital in Jerusalem and was involved in histochemical research. He taught at the newly founded Medical School of the Hebrew University since it was founded.In this period, he studied the chemical significance of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining method and showed that the method is not specific for carbohydrates as was thought at the time, but also stains lipids.
A Productive Research Program
In 1951 his research included histochemistry of viral and non-viral inclusion bodies and he continued to study chemical fixatives and fixation techniques. He showed that proteoglycans and polysaccharides of different pK values in their end groups can be differently stained which resulted in the development of Bi-Col procedure (Wolman, 1956). In fact, advances in our understanding of the chemical nature of ground substance remained largely neglected for a generation.
Wolman also studied chemical factors underlying various impregnation procedures for the nervous system. He was also involved in research on demyelination of peripheral nerve sheaths and also showed that black osmium staining light microscopy and its electron density for electron microscopy, appears first in carbohydrates before it stains unsaturated lipids. He also demonstrated the presence of a carbohydrate-containing moiety in myelin (later shown by others to be different proteoglycans) and its importance in myelin breakdown. His research was focused on the oxidation of lipids, the formation of lipid peroxides, their polymerization, and the pathogenesis and nature of lipid pigments.
Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv
In 1959, Wolman was appointed head of the Department of Pathology of the Tel Hashomer Government Hospital (later renamed as the Chaim Sheba Medical Center). He continued to study peripheral nerve demyelinization and membrane structures. Using enzyme histochemical methods, he and his coworkers were able to prove that changes in ion concentrations can induce phase changes in cell membranes. Another study dealt with the substance (or substances) called amyloid (Wolman 1971).
Understanding of the chemistry involved in histological techniques enabled Moshe Wolman in the 1950s to determine that the storage disease, that was later named after him is known as Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency
Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency
Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency happens when the body does not produce enough active LAL enzyme. Under normal conditions, the body produces an enzyme called lysosomal acid lipase . This enzyme plays an important role in breaking down fatty material in the body...
or Wolman disease
Wolman disease
Wolman Disease Wolman Disease Wolman Disease (also known as Wolman’s Disease, early onset LAL Deficiency, and Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme known as lysosomal acid lipase (LAL or LIPA). This enzyme is necessary to break down certain...
, is caused by accumulation in cells of a mixture of cholesterol and triglycerides and differed substantially from Niemann-Pick Disease
Niemann-Pick disease
Niemann–Pick disease refers to a group of fatal inherited metabolic disorders that are included in the larger family of lysosomal storage diseases .-Signs and symptoms:Symptoms are related to the organs in which they accumulate...
. (Wolman, 1989).
Wolman spent a large amount of energy to formulate the theory and use of polarization microscopy in routine pathology and diagnostic molecular research. He was one of the first to recognize that polarized light microscopy is a powerful tool, which allows the detection of structures that otherwise be obtained only with great difficulty (Wolman, 1970).
In 1964, Wolman was appointed as a full professor and head of the Department of Pathology at the newly founded Medical School of Tel Aviv University. In 1967, he was also appointed chair of the Department of Cell Biology and Histology (Wolman, 1985).
Honors and Publications
For a half-century, Moshe Wolman had been a member of the Histochemical Society (USA), the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine and the Israel Association of Pathologists and (since 1959) the Gesellschaft fur Histochemie. In 1966, Moshe Wolman was elected as a member of the prestigious Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina. In 1984, he founded the Israel Society for Histochemistry and Cytochemistry and served as its president until 1990.
Moshe Wolman authored more than 200 publications and contributions to books. Over the years, he contributed chapters to many textbooks and served on numerous editorial boards including Histochemie (1958).
He was deeply interested in educational and ethical questions. He published a book on ethics and demagoguery and served as a chair person of the ethics committee of the Israeli medical association for many years. He was concerned with the issues of medical errors and published a book together with his daughter, Ruth Manor, on the subject entitled "Doctor's Errors and Mistakes of Medicine: Must Health Care Deteriorate?" (2004)
Moshe Wolman received many distinguished awards and honors. He was the first recipient of the Pearse Prize for Histochemistry awarded by the Royal Microscopial Society (Wolman, 1989) and also received the Pioneer Award of the International Federation of Histochemical Societies (Carpenter, 1990). In 2000, an annual Wolman lecture was inaugurated in his honor by the Israel Society for Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. He was appointed emeritus professor of the Tel Aviv University in 1985 and despite being formally retired remained active and remained a continued source of knowledge and wisdom well into his eighties . His opening remarks in his Pearse Prize Lecture show the wisdom of a great scientist, “…after all, our scientific work is amply rewarded by the clear moments when complex and difficult problems become simple and understandable” (Wolman, 1989).
In 2002, Coleman wrote an article about his life and histochemical research in Acta Histochem:
"It is hard to summarize a lifetime devoted to histochemistry and pathology in a short profile. The development of histochemistry in Israel and the enormous progress that has been made in the last decades owe a lot to the pioneering research and wisdom of Moshe Wolman."