Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan Chhatari
Encyclopedia
Lieutenant Colonel Saeed ul-Mulk Nawab Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan Chhatari, GBE
, KCSI
, KCIE
, LL.D also known as Nawab
of Chhatari
(b. 1888 - d. 1982) was Governor of the United Provinces
, Chief Minister of United Provinces, President of the Executive Council of the Nizam of Hyderabad (i.e. Prime Minister of Hyderabad
) and Chief Scout of India.
During the spring session of the Provincial Council in 1929 when the subject of separate electorates came up in a debate on an innocuous topic, the United Provinces Town Areas (Amendment Bill) leading Muslims of the United Provinces
, most notably the Nawab of Chhatari, spoke in favour of separate electorates.
Nawab Chhatari attended the first Round Table Conference
, held in St. James Palace in London on November 12, 1930. The Muslim Delegation was led by the Aga Khan III
and others, including, but not limited to, Muhammad Ali Jinnah
, Sir Mohammad Shafi, Maulana Mohammad Ali
, Dr. Shafat Ahmad,
Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Nawab of Chhatari and Fazlul Huq.
. In 1931 Nawab of Chhatari was appointed as Minister of Agricultural Department of United Provinces.
Until 1936 the Nawab, like other great Muslim
Zamindar
s e.g. the Raja of Salempur, was a trusted ally of the British Government in United Provinces and a Minister in provincial government. In 1937 the Government of India Act 1935
, which was formulated after the series of round table conferences (RTCs) was to come into operation from 1 April 1937, the Nawab of Chhatari, the leader of NAPs (National Agriculturist Parties), was invited to form his Cabinet.
He was also Minister of Home Affairs in Provincial Government of United Provinces with the salary of Rs. 2,500 in 1937.
The Nawab of Chhatari was also member of the National Defence Council from July to August 1941. Later he resigned to accept the post of President of the Hyderabad Executive Council.
, on Sunday, 17 October 1936, at 10:30 a.m. and was presided by Jinnah. The meeting was also attended by Maulana Shaukat Ali
, Moulana Hasrat Mohani
, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Dr Syed Husain, Raja Gazanfar Ali Khan, Khan Bahadur Kuli Khan, Fazlul Huq, Nawab Jamshed Ali Khan, and others.
Nawab of Chhatari expressed disquiet with the Jinnah's adherence to the Resolution of 23 March 1940. Jinnah asked Chhatari to come out "with a definite scheme of his own" and promised that he would bear that scheme in mind while making a final decision in this regard on 22 October 1940. Chhatari suggested that "We must get as many Hindus out of the Congress as possible to join hands with us". His suggestion clearly implied establishment of an all-India federation. The League was not unanimous on Pakistan
even after the Lahore resolution.
) in August 1941. The Nawab of Chhatari had previously resigned from the National Defence Council on accepting the post of President of the Hyderabad Executive Council. He served on this post from September 1941 to 1 November 1947.
On 6 September 1941 Bahadur Yar Jung
, Nizam of Hyderabad, praised Nawab of Chhatari as able administrator. In 1944 Nawab of Chhatari was granted of the title of Saeed-ul-Mulk by H.E.H. the Nizam of Hyderabad. On 25 November 1945, Nawab of Chhatari laid the foundation stone of the Institution of Engineers(India), A.P. State Center (Visvesvarayya Bhavan).
In 1946 the Nizam of Hyderabad suggested to British Raj
that the Nawab of Chhatari may be appointed as Governor of Central Provinces and Berar.
saw that Clause 7 of the Indian Independence Bill did not permit that grant of Dominion Status to an Indian State, he sent a delegation to Delhi
on 11 July 1947, headed by the Nawab of Chhatari, President of the Executive Council, to meet Lord Mountbatten of Burma
. On 17 August 1947 Nawab of Chhatari wrote to Mountbatten expressing his wish to enter the negotiations.
In August 1947 Sir Walter Monckton (Constitutional advisor to Nizam) and Nawab of Chhatari tendered his resignation to Nizam
due to attack on their delegation by Razakars
and Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen,
but it was refused.
On 27 October 1947 Razakars
and Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen staged a demonstration at the houses of the members of delegation, i.e. Sir Walter Monckton, Nawab of Chhatari and Sir Sultan Ahmed and made it impossible for delegation to leave for Delhi
.
On 21 December 1947 Gandhiji had talks with Nawab of Chhatari along with H.S. Suhrawardy, Brijlal Nehru, Rameshwari Nehru, Sheikh Abdullah, Begum Abdullah, Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew, Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed, Prince of Kutch, Maharaja of Bhavnagar and Anantrai Pattani.
The Nizam of Hyderabad, in his radio speech on 23 September 1948, said "In November last [1947], a small group which had organized a quasi-military organization surrounded the homes of my Prime Minister, the Nawab of Chhatari, in whose wisdom I had complete confidence, and of Sir Walter Monkton, my constitutional Adviser, by duress compelled the Nawab and other trusted ministers to resign and forced the Laik Ali Ministry on me. This group headed by Kasim Razvi had no stake in the country or any record of service behind it. By methods reminiscent of Hitelerite Germany it took possession of the State, spread terror ... and rendered me completely helpless."
The conferences that followed bore no fruit and the Nawab of Chhatari, finding matters intolerable, resigned as President of the Executive Council of the Nizam of Hyderabad.
. In 1935 he represented India
in a mangoes exhibition in London
, where he represented Rataul mango, which won first prize and was declared the best mango in the world. On 15 January 1939 his message was published in a pamphlet issued by Education Expansion Department on occasion of The Literacy Day. In 1945 Mahatma Gandhi
sent Nawab two letters; one from Panchgani
and other from Sevagram
. Nawab was also patron of Jamia-e-Urdu, Aligarh.
He had also served as Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University
from December 1965 to January 6, 1982.
Nawab also served as the Chief Scout of the All India Boy Scouts Association from 1955 to 1982.
GBE
GBE or Gbe may refer to:* Gbe languages, a group of languages in West Africa* Gigabit ethernet, a term for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second* Government business enterprise...
, KCSI
Order of the Star of India
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:# Knight Grand Commander # Knight Commander # Companion...
, KCIE
Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:#Knight Grand Commander #Knight Commander #Companion...
, LL.D also known as Nawab
Nawab
A Nawab or Nawaab is an honorific title given to Muslim rulers of princely states in South Asia. It is the Muslim equivalent of the term "maharaja" that was granted to Hindu rulers....
of Chhatari
Chhatari
Chhatari is a town and a nagar panchayat in Bulandshahr district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.-History:Chhatari was a jagir during British India.It was owned by Nawabs of Lalkhani, a Badgujar, Muslim Rajput community.-Nawabs of Chhatari:...
(b. 1888 - d. 1982) was Governor of the United Provinces
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj, which existed from 1902 to 1947; the official name was shortened by the Government of India Act 1935 to United Provinces, by which the province had been commonly known, and by which name it was also a province of...
, Chief Minister of United Provinces, President of the Executive Council of the Nizam of Hyderabad (i.e. Prime Minister of Hyderabad
Prime Minister of Hyderabad
The Prime Minister of Hyderabad was the chief of government of the former princely state of Hyderabad. The office was also referred to as the Dewan or Diwan. From 1901, the official title was "President of the Executive Council of the Nizam of Hyderabad"...
) and Chief Scout of India.
Round table conference
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj, which existed from 1902 to 1947; the official name was shortened by the Government of India Act 1935 to United Provinces, by which the province had been commonly known, and by which name it was also a province of...
, most notably the Nawab of Chhatari, spoke in favour of separate electorates.
Nawab Chhatari attended the first Round Table Conference
Round Table Conferences (India)
This article is about the Anglo-Indian Round Table Conferences. For the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference, see Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference. For other uses of Round Table, see Round Table ....
, held in St. James Palace in London on November 12, 1930. The Muslim Delegation was led by the Aga Khan III
Aga Khan III
Sir Sultan Muhammed Shah, Aga Khan III, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO, PC was the 48th Imam of the Shia Ismaili Muslims. He was one of the founders and the first president of the All-India Muslim League, and served as President of the League of Nations from 1937-38. He was nominated to represent India to...
and others, including, but not limited to, Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a Muslim lawyer, politician, statesman and the founder of Pakistan. He is popularly and officially known in Pakistan as Quaid-e-Azam and Baba-e-Qaum ....
, Sir Mohammad Shafi, Maulana Mohammad Ali
Maulana Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali was a Pakistani writer, scholar, and leading figure of the Ahmadiyya Movement.-Biography:Ali was born in Punjab, British India, in 1874. He obtained an English and Law in 1899...
, Dr. Shafat Ahmad,
Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Nawab of Chhatari and Fazlul Huq.
Council to Government
From 17 May 1923 to 11 January 1926 he was Cabinet Minister of United ProvincesUnited Provinces of Agra and Oudh
The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj, which existed from 1902 to 1947; the official name was shortened by the Government of India Act 1935 to United Provinces, by which the province had been commonly known, and by which name it was also a province of...
. In 1931 Nawab of Chhatari was appointed as Minister of Agricultural Department of United Provinces.
Until 1936 the Nawab, like other great Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
Zamindar
Zamindar
A Zamindar or zemindar , was an aristocrat, typically hereditary, who held enormous tracts of land and ruled over and taxed the bhikaaris who lived on batavaslam. Over time, they took princely and royal titles such as Maharaja , Raja , Nawab , and Mirza , Chowdhury , among others...
s e.g. the Raja of Salempur, was a trusted ally of the British Government in United Provinces and a Minister in provincial government. In 1937 the Government of India Act 1935
Government of India Act 1935
The Government of India Act 1935 was originally passed in August 1935 , and is said to have been the longest Act of Parliament ever enacted by that time. Because of its length, the Act was retroactively split by the Government of India Act 1935 into two separate Acts:# The Government of India...
, which was formulated after the series of round table conferences (RTCs) was to come into operation from 1 April 1937, the Nawab of Chhatari, the leader of NAPs (National Agriculturist Parties), was invited to form his Cabinet.
He was also Minister of Home Affairs in Provincial Government of United Provinces with the salary of Rs. 2,500 in 1937.
The Nawab of Chhatari was also member of the National Defence Council from July to August 1941. Later he resigned to accept the post of President of the Hyderabad Executive Council.
Disquiet with Jinnah
Nawab of Chhatari attended third sitting of the open session of Muslim League which was held in the Pandal at Lalbagh, LucknowLucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
, on Sunday, 17 October 1936, at 10:30 a.m. and was presided by Jinnah. The meeting was also attended by Maulana Shaukat Ali
Maulana Shaukat Ali
Maulana Shaukat Ali was an Indian Muslim nationalist and leader of the Khilafat movement. He was the brother of Maulana Mohammad Ali.-Early life:...
, Moulana Hasrat Mohani
Hasrat Mohani
Maulana Hasrat Mohani was a romantic poet of Urdu language, journalist, politician, parliamentarian and a fearless freedom fighter of Indian Sub-continent . His real name was Syed Fazl ul Hasan. He was born in 1875 at Mohan in Unnao district of U.P...
, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Dr Syed Husain, Raja Gazanfar Ali Khan, Khan Bahadur Kuli Khan, Fazlul Huq, Nawab Jamshed Ali Khan, and others.
Nawab of Chhatari expressed disquiet with the Jinnah's adherence to the Resolution of 23 March 1940. Jinnah asked Chhatari to come out "with a definite scheme of his own" and promised that he would bear that scheme in mind while making a final decision in this regard on 22 October 1940. Chhatari suggested that "We must get as many Hindus out of the Congress as possible to join hands with us". His suggestion clearly implied establishment of an all-India federation. The League was not unanimous on Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
even after the Lahore resolution.
Prime Minister of Hyderabad
Nawab of Chhatari was appointed President of the Executive Council of the Nizam of Hyderabad (i.e. Prime Minister of HyderabadPrime Minister of Hyderabad
The Prime Minister of Hyderabad was the chief of government of the former princely state of Hyderabad. The office was also referred to as the Dewan or Diwan. From 1901, the official title was "President of the Executive Council of the Nizam of Hyderabad"...
) in August 1941. The Nawab of Chhatari had previously resigned from the National Defence Council on accepting the post of President of the Hyderabad Executive Council. He served on this post from September 1941 to 1 November 1947.
On 6 September 1941 Bahadur Yar Jung
Bahadur Yar Jung
Muhammad Bahadur Khan , alias Nawab Nisar Ahmed Khan and Saadi Khan. Titles Bahadur Yar Jung and Quaid-e-Millath was an Hyderabadi Muslim who argued for the formation of Muslim states in India during the British Occupation in the 1930s and 1940s.-Early life:He was born in 1905 to Nawab Nasib...
, Nizam of Hyderabad, praised Nawab of Chhatari as able administrator. In 1944 Nawab of Chhatari was granted of the title of Saeed-ul-Mulk by H.E.H. the Nizam of Hyderabad. On 25 November 1945, Nawab of Chhatari laid the foundation stone of the Institution of Engineers(India), A.P. State Center (Visvesvarayya Bhavan).
In 1946 the Nizam of Hyderabad suggested to British Raj
British Raj
British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...
that the Nawab of Chhatari may be appointed as Governor of Central Provinces and Berar.
Chhatari delegation
When the NizamNizam
Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad popularly known as Nizams of Hyderabad was a former monarchy of the Hyderabad State, now in the states of Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka , and Maharashtra in India...
saw that Clause 7 of the Indian Independence Bill did not permit that grant of Dominion Status to an Indian State, he sent a delegation to Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
on 11 July 1947, headed by the Nawab of Chhatari, President of the Executive Council, to meet Lord Mountbatten of Burma
Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas George Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC, FRS , was a British statesman and naval officer, and an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh...
. On 17 August 1947 Nawab of Chhatari wrote to Mountbatten expressing his wish to enter the negotiations.
In August 1947 Sir Walter Monckton (Constitutional advisor to Nizam) and Nawab of Chhatari tendered his resignation to Nizam
Nizam
Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad popularly known as Nizams of Hyderabad was a former monarchy of the Hyderabad State, now in the states of Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka , and Maharashtra in India...
due to attack on their delegation by Razakars
Razakars (Hyderabad)
Razakars were a private militia organized by Qasim Razvi to support the rule of Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII and resist the integration of Hyderabad State in India....
and Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen,
but it was refused.
On 27 October 1947 Razakars
Razakars (Hyderabad)
Razakars were a private militia organized by Qasim Razvi to support the rule of Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII and resist the integration of Hyderabad State in India....
and Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen staged a demonstration at the houses of the members of delegation, i.e. Sir Walter Monckton, Nawab of Chhatari and Sir Sultan Ahmed and made it impossible for delegation to leave for Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
.
On 21 December 1947 Gandhiji had talks with Nawab of Chhatari along with H.S. Suhrawardy, Brijlal Nehru, Rameshwari Nehru, Sheikh Abdullah, Begum Abdullah, Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew, Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed, Prince of Kutch, Maharaja of Bhavnagar and Anantrai Pattani.
The Nizam of Hyderabad, in his radio speech on 23 September 1948, said "In November last [1947], a small group which had organized a quasi-military organization surrounded the homes of my Prime Minister, the Nawab of Chhatari, in whose wisdom I had complete confidence, and of Sir Walter Monkton, my constitutional Adviser, by duress compelled the Nawab and other trusted ministers to resign and forced the Laik Ali Ministry on me. This group headed by Kasim Razvi had no stake in the country or any record of service behind it. By methods reminiscent of Hitelerite Germany it took possession of the State, spread terror ... and rendered me completely helpless."
The conferences that followed bore no fruit and the Nawab of Chhatari, finding matters intolerable, resigned as President of the Executive Council of the Nizam of Hyderabad.
Public life
On 23 October 1931 Nawab hosted a dinner which was attended by IqbalMuhammad Iqbal
Sir Muhammad Iqbal , commonly referred to as Allama Iqbal , was a poet and philosopher born in Sialkot, then in the Punjab Province of British India, now in Pakistan...
. In 1935 he represented India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
in a mangoes exhibition in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, where he represented Rataul mango, which won first prize and was declared the best mango in the world. On 15 January 1939 his message was published in a pamphlet issued by Education Expansion Department on occasion of The Literacy Day. In 1945 Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , pronounced . 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement...
sent Nawab two letters; one from Panchgani
Panchgani
Pānchgani is a town and municipal council in Sātārā district in Mahārāshtra, India .-History:Scenic Panchgani was discovered by the British during the British Raj as a summer resort, and a superintendent named John Chesson was placed in charge of the hill station in the 1860s...
and other from Sevagram
Sevagram
Sevagram is Hindi for "A village for service" and the name of a village in the state of Maharashtra, India. This was the place of Mohandas Gandhi's ashram. Previously it was named as Shegaon: it was Mahatma Gandhi who renamed it to Sevagram....
. Nawab was also patron of Jamia-e-Urdu, Aligarh.
He had also served as Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh Muslim University ,is a residential academic university, established in 1875 by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan as Mohammedan Angelo-Oriental College and later granted the status of Central University by an Act of the Indian Parliament in 1920...
from December 1965 to January 6, 1982.
Nawab also served as the Chief Scout of the All India Boy Scouts Association from 1955 to 1982.
Styles
- 1888-1919: NawabNawabA Nawab or Nawaab is an honorific title given to Muslim rulers of princely states in South Asia. It is the Muslim equivalent of the term "maharaja" that was granted to Hindu rulers....
Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of ChhatariChhatariChhatari is a town and a nagar panchayat in Bulandshahr district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.-History:Chhatari was a jagir during British India.It was owned by Nawabs of Lalkhani, a Badgujar, Muslim Rajput community.-Nawabs of Chhatari:... - 1919-1921: Nawab Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of Chhatari, MBEMBEMBE can stand for:* Mail Boxes Etc.* Management by exception* Master of Bioethics* Master of Bioscience Enterprise* Master of Business Engineering* Master of Business Economics* Mean Biased Error...
- 1921-1922: Nawab Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of Chhatari, CIEOrder of the Indian EmpireThe Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:#Knight Grand Commander #Knight Commander #Companion...
, MBE - 1922-1927: Second LieutenantSecond LieutenantSecond lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces.- United Kingdom and Commonwealth :The rank second lieutenant was introduced throughout the British Army in 1871 to replace the rank of ensign , although it had long been used in the Royal Artillery, Royal...
Nawab Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of Chhatari, CIE, MBE - 1927-1928: LieutenantLieutenantA lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces. Typically, the rank of lieutenant in naval usage, while still a junior officer rank, is senior to the army rank...
Nawab Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of Chhatari, CIE, MBE - 1928-1931: Lieutenant Nawab SirSirSir is an honorific used as a title , or as a courtesy title to address a man without using his given or family name in many English speaking cultures...
Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of Chhatari, KCIEOrder of the Indian EmpireThe Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:#Knight Grand Commander #Knight Commander #Companion...
, MBE - 1931-1933: Captain Nawab Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of Chhatari, KCIE, MBE
- 1933-1936: Captain Nawab Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of Chhatari, KCSIOrder of the Star of IndiaThe Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:# Knight Grand Commander # Knight Commander # Companion...
, KCIE, MBE - 1936-1944: MajorMajorMajor is a rank of commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every military in the world.When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicator of rank, the term refers to the rank just senior to that of an Army captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...
Nawab Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of Chhatari, KCSI, KCIE, MBE - 1944-1946: Major Saeed ul-Mulk Nawab Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of Chhatari, KCSI, KCIE, MBE
- 1946-1982: Lieutenant ColonelLieutenant colonelLieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence...
Saeed ul-Mulk Nawab Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, Nawab of Chhatari, GBEGBEGBE or Gbe may refer to:* Gbe languages, a group of languages in West Africa* Gigabit ethernet, a term for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second* Government business enterprise...
, KCSI, KCIE
Time line
Autobiography
- Yad-e-Ayyam(1949) is the autobiography of Nawab of Chhatari Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan. In this book, the writer has given glimpses of his life and experiences in a direct and artless manner.