Nuclear RNA export factor 1, also known as NXF1, is a protein

Protein

Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...

 which in humans is encoded by the NXF1 gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

.

Function

This gene is one member of a family of nuclear RNA export factor genes. Common domain features of this family are a noncanonical RNP-type RNA-binding domain (RBD), 4 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like domain that allows heterodimerization with NTF2-related export protein-1 (NXT1

NXT1

NTF2-related export protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NXT1 gene.-Further reading:...

), and a ubiquitin

Ubiquitin

Ubiquitin is a small regulatory protein that has been found in almost all tissues of eukaryotic organisms. Among other functions, it directs protein recycling.Ubiquitin can be attached to proteins and label them for destruction...

-associated domain that mediates interactions with nucleoporin

Nucleoporin

The nucleoporins are a family of proteins which are the constituent building blocks of the nuclear pore complex. The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the cell nucleus and the...

s. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants. The LRRs and NTF2-like domains are required for export activity. The encoded protein of this gene shuttles between the nucleus

Cell nucleus

In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these...

 and the cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is a small gel-like substance residing between the cell membrane holding all the cell's internal sub-structures , except for the nucleus. All the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms are contained within the cytoplasm...

 and binds in vivo to poly(A)+ RNA. It is the vertebrate homologue of the yeast protein Mex67p. The encoded protein overcomes the mRNA export block caused by the presence of saturating amounts of CTE (constitutive transport element) RNA of type D retrovirus

Retrovirus

A retrovirus is an RNA virus that is duplicated in a host cell using the reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome. The DNA is then incorporated into the host's genome by an integrase enzyme. The virus thereafter replicates as part of the host cell's DNA...

es. A variant allele of the homologous Nxf1 gene in mice suppresses a class of mutations caused by integration of an endogenous retrovirus (intracisternal A particle) into an intron.

Interactions

NXF1 has been shown to interact

Protein-protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...

 with TNPO2

TNPO2

Transportin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNPO2 gene.-Interactions:TNPO2 has been shown to interact with NXF1, NUP98 and Ran .-Further reading:...

, MAGOH

MAGOH

Protein mago nashi homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGOH gene.-Interactions:MAGOH has been shown to interact with RBM8A and NXF1.-Further reading:...

, U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1

U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1

Splicing factor U2AF 35 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the U2AF1 gene.-Interactions:U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 has been shown to interact with RP9, U2AF2, NXF1, ASF/SF2 and ZRANB2.-Further reading:...

, DHX9

DHX9

ATP-dependent RNA helicase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHX9 gene.-Interactions:...

, HuD and NUP214

NUP214

Nuclear pore complex protein Nup214 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUP214 gene.The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins are...

.