The Oil Campaign chronology of World War II lists bombing missions and related events regarding the petroleum/oil/lubrication (POL) facilities that supplied Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...

.

Legend

— events regarding Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...

 petroleum, lubrication, and/or oil (POL) supplies

and/or — events regarding Allied planning

— RAF, Eighth Air Force

Eighth Air Force

The Eighth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Global Strike Command . It is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana....

, and other roundels indicate units (most listings are from the RAF chronology and the USAAF chronology)
"100 BG" — listings that include the unit abbreviation (BG is Bombardment Group) are from the corresponding mission history for the unit.

valign=top | Chronology

Date	Target/Topic	Event
	Oil and other installations in Ruhr	In response to the bombing of Rotterdam Rotterdam Blitz The Rotterdam Blitz refers to the aerial bombardment of Rotterdam by the German Air Force on 14 May 1940, during the German invasion of the Netherlands in World War II. The objective was to support the German troops fighting in the city, break Dutch resistance and force the Dutch to surrender... , Western Air Plan 5 was activated. This was the first large-scale strategic bombing during World War II Strategic bombing during World War II Strategic bombing during World War II is a term which refers to all aerial bombardment of a strategic nature between 1939 and 1945 involving any nations engaged in World War II... and the first attack on the German interior - it inflicted little damage. Just 24 of 96 bombers dispatched to Ruhr Area Ruhr Area The Ruhr, by German-speaking geographers and historians more accurately called Ruhr district or Ruhr region , is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With 4435 km² and a population of some 5.2 million , it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany...  power stations and refineries found the target area, setting several oil plants on fire.
	Oil installations in Ruhr	6 Handley Page Hampden Handley Page Hampden The Handley Page HP.52 Hampden was a British twin-engine medium bomber of the Royal Air Force serving in the Second World War. With the Whitley and Wellington, the Hampden bore the brunt of the early bombing war over Europe, taking part in the first night raid on Berlin and the first 1,000-plane...  and 6 Vickers Wellington Vickers Wellington The Vickers Wellington was a British twin-engine, long range medium bomber designed in the mid-1930s at Brooklands in Weybridge, Surrey, by Vickers-Armstrongs' Chief Designer, R. K. Pierson. It was widely used as a night bomber in the early years of the Second World War, before being displaced as a...  bombers attacked Ruhr oil targets.
	Hamburg Bombing of Hamburg in World War II The Allied bombing of Hamburg during World War II included numerous strategic bombing missions and diversion/nuisance raids. As a large port and industrial center, Hamburg's shipyards, U-boat pens, and the Hamburg-Harburg area oil refineries were attacked throughout the war... -Harburg	48 Hampdens attacked Hamburg oil installations.
	Bremen Bombing of Bremen in World War II The Bombing of Bremen in World War II by the Royal Air Force and the Eighth Air Force targeted strategic targets in the state of Bremen, which had heavy anti-aircraft artillery but only 35 fighter aircraft in the area. In addition to Wesermünde/Bremerhaven, targets were also in Farge and...	24 Armstrong Whitworth Whitley Armstrong Whitworth Whitley The Armstrong Whitworth A.W.38 Whitley was one of three British twin-engine, front line medium bomber types in service with the Royal Air Force at the outbreak of the Second World War...  bombers attacked Bremen oil installations.In 1906, Standard Oil Standard Oil Standard Oil was a predominant American integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refiner in the world and operated as a major company trust and was one of the world's first and largest multinational...  included the German-American Petroleum Company, the Mannheim-Bremen http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0CE3DF1331E733A25752C1A9679D946797D6CF Petroleum Company and, formerly known as Korff, the Petroleum Refinery.
	"Oil refineries"	24 Wellington, 24 Whitleys, and 12 Hampdens attacked oil refineries and railways in Germany and troops in Belgium.
	Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... /Leuna Leuna Leuna is a town in the Saalekreis, Saxony-Anhalt, eastern Germany, south of Merseburg and Halle. It is known for the Leunawerke , at 13 km2 one of the biggest chemical industrial complexes in Germany, where a very wide range of chemicals and plastics is produced...	35 Hampdens were recalled due to bad weather, but one failed to receive the recall and bombed the Leuna oil refinery, 30 miles west of Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... .
	Bremen	Hampdens bombed oil refineries near Bremen. In the course of the raid, a tail gunner on a No. 10 Squadron RAF No. 10 Squadron RAF No. 10 Squadron was a Royal Air Force squadron. The squadron served in a variety of roles over its 90 year history...  Whitley shot down the first German fighter by the RAF in World War II.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Hampdens attacked oil refineries near Hamburg.
	Bremen	The Bremen oil refinery was bombed.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Hamburg oil refineries were bombed.
	oil targets	24 Whitleys and 6 Hampdens bombed "oil and communication targets in Germany".
	Frankfurt oil depot Bombing of Frankfurt am Main in World War II Bombing of Frankfurt am Main by the Allies of World War II killed about 5,500 residents and destroyed the largest medieval city centre in Germany . Post-war reconstruction generally used modern architecture, and a few landmark buildings were rebuilt in a simple historical style...	The Frankfurt oil depot was attacked with 400 bombs. Frankfurt also had a Naxos Union grinding wheel plant.
	Leipzig/Leuna	Leuna bombed.
	Chiefs of Staff	The Future Strategy report predicted "Germany's oil stocks might be exhausted--and Germany's situation disastrous--by June 1941."
1941	Antwerp	43 Wellingtons bombed an oil depot near Antwerp. A Redeventza refinery was at Antwerp.
	Gelsenkirchen Gelsenkirchen Gelsenkirchen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the Ruhr area. Its population in 2006 was c. 267,000....	Less than ½ of 135 dispatched aircraft bombed the Gelsenkirchen synthetic oil plants.
	Hannover	222 aircraft (the highest number to one target) conducted the 1st "oil plant directive" mission on 17 oil production targets.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	9 Wellingtons bombed, and a German aircraft reportedly landed with the No. 57 Squadron RAF No. 57 Squadron RAF -History:57 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps was formed on 8 June 1916 at Copmanthorpe, Yorkshire. In December 1916 the squadron was posted to France equipped with the FE2d. The squadron re-equipped with Airco DH4s in May 1917 and commenced long range bombing and reconnaissance operations near...  at RAF Feltwell RAF Feltwell RAF Feltwell is a Royal Air Force station in Norfolk, East Anglia that is currently used by the United States Air Forces Europe. The station is located about 10 miles west of Thetford, and is in the borough of King's Lynn at approximate Ordnance Survey grid reference .A former Second World War...  but took off quickly.
		To enable bombing of "Roumanian oil installations", a British Expeditionary Force established a 'Balkan front'.
		Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa was the code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II that began on 22 June 1941. Over 4.5 million troops of the Axis powers invaded the USSR along a front., the largest invasion in the history of warfare...  included the goal to capture the Baku oilfields. At the time, total German oil imports from the USSR were 912,000 tons/tbd, with German stockpiles at 1,350,000 tons. By October 1941, Nazi Germany oil product stocks were down to 905,000 tons.
	Ploieşti Ploiesti Ploiești is the county seat of Prahova County and lies in the historical region of Wallachia in Romania. The city is located north of Bucharest....	The USSR bombed Ploieşti.
	Ploieşti	6 Soviet aircraft bombed Ploieşti.
1942	Harnes Harnes Harnes is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.-Geography:Harnes is an ex-coalmining and light industrial town situated some northeast of Lens, at the junction of the D162e and the D39...	The Kuhlman Fischer-Tropsch plant at Harnes was shut down briefly due to bomb damage.
		After A-2 and the War Plans Division reported it as a target, Colonel Bonner Fellers Bonner Fellers Bonner Frank Fellers , was a U.S. Army officer who served during World War II as military attaché and psychological warfare director. He was a considered a protégé of General Douglas MacArthur.-World War II:...  identified Romanian oil was "by far the most decisive objective [and] the strategic target of the war".
	Cologne Bombing of Cologne in World War II The City of Cologne was bombed in 262 separate air raids by the Allies during World War II, including 31 times by the Royal Air Force . Air raid alarms went off in the winter/spring of 1940 as enemy bombers passed overhead. However, the first actual bombing took place on 12 May 1940...	The Kolnische Gummifaden Fabrik tire and tube factory at Deutz on the east bank of the Rhine was entirely destroyed.
1942	M.E.W.	The "Bombers' Baedeker" identified oil, communications, and ball bearings were "bottleneck" German industries.
	Ploieşti (Astra Română)	The HALPRO (Halverson project) raid Egypt-Libya Campaign The Egypt–Libya Campaign is the name used by the United States military for the US contribution to the Allied Western Desert Campaign, during World War II. From 1942, U.S. forces assisted the British Commonwealth in fighting Axis forces in Egypt and Libya. The U.S...  was the 1st US mission against a European target — 10 aircraft bombed the Astra Română oil refinery.
	Bremen	1,067 aircraft attacking Bremen targets used Gee GEE (navigation) Gee was the code name given to a radio navigation system used by the Royal Air Force during World War II.Different sources record the name as GEE or Gee. The naming supposedly comes from "Grid", so the lower case form is more correct, and is the form used in Drippy's publications. See Drippy 1946....  with limited success, damaging the oil refinery, Focke-Wulf Focke-Wulf Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau AG was a German manufacturer of civil and military aircraft before and during World War II. Many of the company's successful fighter aircraft designs were slight modifications of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190.-History:...  buildings, the Atlas Werke Atlas Werke Atlas Werke was a German shipbuilding company, located in Bremen. It was founded in 1911.During World War I Atlas Werke built one single U 151 U-boat for the Kaiserliche Marine, the U-156.... , the Bremer Vulkan Bremer Vulkan Bremer Vulkan AG was a great German shipbuilding company located at the Weser river in Bremen-Vegesack. It was founded in 1893 and closed in 1997 because of financial problems and mismanagement....  shipyard, the Norddeutsche Hütte AG steel mill, and 2 large dockside warehouses.
		Hitler authorized Operation Edelweiss Operation Edelweiss Operation Edelweiss , named after the mountain flower, was a German plan to gain control over the Caucasus and capture the oil fields of Baku during the Soviet-German War. The operation was authorised by Hitler on 23 July 1942...  to capture the Soviet oil fields of Baku. On July 10, Hermann Göring Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring, was a German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party. He was a veteran of World War I as an ace fighter pilot, and a recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite, also known as "The Blue Max"...  had met with experts on how to repair the Russian Maykop oil facilities (Germany reassembled an oil facility at Kherson Kherson Kherson is a city in southern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Kherson Oblast , and is designated as its own separate raion within the oblast. Kherson is an important port on the Black Sea and Dnieper River, and the home of a major ship-building industry...  in the Ukraine, also). The Soviets set the Maikop oilfields on fire August 9, the town was evacuated on the 16th, and Nazi Germany began occupation in August.
	Bucharest Bucharest Bucharest is the capital municipality, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the Dâmbovița River....	The USSR bombed the oil installations.
	Ploieşti	The USSR bombed the oil installations.
		The US Enemy Oil Committee was established as a counterpart to the British Technical Sub-Committee on Axis Oil (Hartley Committee).
	Hartley Committee	The Axis Oil Position in Europe, November 1942 estimated that Romanian oil fields contribute 33% of Axis supplies.
	Joint Intelligence Subcommittee	The German Strategy in 1943 predicted Nazi Germany will have increased domestic oil supplies in mid-1943.
1943		A German armoured column within 30 miles of the Soviet Sixth Army near Stalingrad had to retreat due to having fuel for only 15 miles. At his HQ company Christmas party, Erwin Rommel Erwin Rommel Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel , popularly known as the Desert Fox , was a German Field Marshal of World War II. He won the respect of both his own troops and the enemies he fought....  received a miniature oil drum as a gift (containing captured British coffee).
	C/AS Management Control	After Hap Arnold created the Committee for Operations Analysis United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II, and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force....  (COA) on December 9, 1942,http://books.google.com/books?id=rVVeO4B985wC&pg=PA11 to develop a plan for strategic bombing, the COA's initial Western Axis Oil Industry report listed the following order of strategic importance: hydrogenation facilities (15 plants), refineries (29 plants), lubrication plants, coker units, Fischer-Tropsch facilities, tetraethyl lead Tetra-ethyl lead Tetraethyllead , abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula 4Pb. An inexpensive additive, its addition to gasoline from the 1920's allowed octane ratings and thus engine compression to be boosted significantly, increasing power and fuel economy...  facilities, and oilfields/pipelines.
		The Axis Oil Position (C.C.S. 158) at the Allied Casablanca Conference identified it would be "remote" for Nazi Germany to retain the Maikop oil fields. However, "even if the whole of the Romanian production were knocked out early in the year, [Germany] would still have enough for operations in 1944 [but the destruction of] two tetraethyl lead factories … would hamstring the production of German aviation fuel" (Brehon Somervell). Nazi Germany destroyed the Maikop facilities prior to withdrawing.http://histclo.com/essay/war/ww2/camp/eur/sov/stalin/w2we-cau.html
	CCS Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff was the supreme military command for the western Allies during World War II. It was a body constituted from the British Chiefs of Staff Committee and the American Joint Chiefs of Staff....	C.C.S. 166/1/D Casablanca directive The Casablanca directive was approved by the Combined Chiefs of Staff of the Western Allies at their 65th meeting on 21 January 1943 and issued to the appropriate the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Force commanders on 4 February 1943....  identified oil facilities as the 4th bombing priority.
	C/AS Management Control	The COA's comprehensive plan identified the strategic bombing objective was to "bring about a high degree of destruction in a few really essential industries than to dissipate bombing efforts over a large number of targets [in] many industries." 19 vital industries were identified: Petroleum was 3rd (39 targets), "Synthetic rubber and rubber tires" were 6th (12 targets) and "Coking plants" were 10th (89 targets). In particular, destruction of 13 hydrogenation plants and 12 Ploesti refineries would reduce "German petroleum resources" by 90%.
		We must, therefore, apply [bombardment] to those specially selected and vital targets which will give the greatest return." (Arnold to Carl Spaatz Carl Spaatz Carl Andrew "Tooey" Spaatz GBE was an American World War II general and the first Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. He was of German descent.-Early life:... )
	Pölitz Police, Poland Police is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, northwestern Poland. It is the capital of Police County. As of 2006, the town had 34,284 inhabitants. The name comes from Polish pole, which means "field"....	339 bombers attacked the Stettin railyards, the Pölitz oil refinery, and Swinemünde.http://books.google.com/books?id=Gx85T-eYPdQC&pg=PA19 The Pölitz synthetic oil plant had been added to the Area Bombing Directive Area bombing directive The Area Bombing Directive was a directive from the wartime British Government's Air Ministry to the Royal Air Force which ordered RAF bombers to attack the German industrial workforce and the morale of the German populace through bombing German cities and their civilian inhabitants.- Background...  on February 14, 1942 (one day before it was issued), and a subcamp of Sachsenhausen near Pölitz provided forced labor.
	CCS	The CBO Combined Bomber Offensive The Combined Bomber Offensive was an Anglo-American offensive of strategic bombing during World War II in Europe. The primary portion of the CBO was against German Air Force targets which was the highest priority from June 1943 to 1944...  "Eaker" plan was approved and confirmed oil targets as the 4th primary objective ("contingent upon attacks against Ploesti").
	Bochum benzol Benzol Benzol may refer to* Benzole* Benzene* Phenol* British Benzol, which was one of the largest independent oil distributors in the UK. It went into administration on 16 August 2005...  plant	Battle of the Ruhr Battle of the Ruhr The Battle of the Ruhr was a 5-month long campaign of strategic bombing during the Second World War against the Nazi Germany Ruhr Area, which had coke plants, steelworks, and 10 synthetic oil plants...  bombings of the Bochum coal-producing center northwest of Essen damaged its "extensive coke, gas, benzol, and iron, and steel plants." In 1943, the 466th No. 466 Squadron RAAF No. 466 Squadron RAAF was a Royal Australian Air Force bomber squadron during World War II.-History:The squadron was formed at RAF Driffield in Yorkshire, England on 10 October 1942, under Article XV of the Empire Air Training Scheme. The majority of its original personnel were from British...  bombed Bochum targets on March 29, May 13, October 9, and November 4. After a 92 BG mission to Bochum on August 12, 1943, 342 RAF aircraft also accurately bombed Bochum on September 29/30, 1943 when the German radar controller mistakenly directed fighters to Bremen Bombing of Bremen in World War II The Bombing of Bremen in World War II by the Royal Air Force and the Eighth Air Force targeted strategic targets in the state of Bremen, which had heavy anti-aircraft artillery but only 35 fighter aircraft in the area. In addition to Wesermünde/Bremerhaven, targets were also in Farge and... , 150 miles away.
	Ploieşti	The Advisory Council submitted the Air Attack on Ploesti ("SOAPSUDS") bombardment plan, which the Trident Conference Washington Conference (1943) The Third Washington Conference was held in Washington, D.C. was a World War II strategic meeting from May 12 to May 27, 1943, between the heads of government of the United Kingdom and the United States. The delegations were headed by Winston Churchill and Franklin D...  subsequently considered. On June 6 the plan was deemed "an important and desirable operation", and the "Planning committee" first met on June 25 (Uzal Girard Ent Uzal Girard Ent Uzal Girard Ent was an American Army Air Force officer who served as the commander of the Ninth and the Second Air Forces during World War II.-Biography:Ent was born on March 3, 1900, in Northumberland, Pennsylvania...  predicted losses of 75 aircraft). Training began on July 20/22 and ended July 29.<
	Hüls	In the 1st large-scale daylight raid on the Ruhr, 170 of 235 B-17s bombed the Hüls oil refinery and synthetic rubber Synthetic rubber Synthetic rubber is is any type of artificial elastomer, invariably a polymer. An elastomer is a material with the mechanical property that it can undergo much more elastic deformation under stress than most materials and still return to its previous size without permanent deformation...  plant/aircraft tire factories: "those swine have destroyed Hüls!" (Göring). A Hüls target was also bombed on December 28/29, 1941.
	La Spezia La Spezia La Spezia , at the head of the Gulf of La Spezia in the Liguria region of northern Italy, is the capital city of the province of La Spezia. Located between Genoa and Pisa on the Ligurian Sea, it is one of the main Italian military and commercial harbours and hosts one of Italy's biggest military...	In the 2nd raid of Operation Bellicose Operation Bellicose The Operation Bellicose strategic bombing in World War II targeted the Nazi Germany Zeppelin Works in Friedrichshafen and the La Spezia, Italy, naval base and was the first use of shuttle bombing in World War II and the second use of a Master Bomber... , 52 bombers damaged an "oil depot" and an "armaments store". By March 1, 1944, the La Spezia crude oil refinery was "Unused".
	Bari Bari Bari is the capital city of the province of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, in Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy after Naples, and is well known as a port and university city, as well as the city of Saint Nicholas...	Wellingtons of the Northwest African Strategic Air Force Northwest African Air Forces Northwest African Air Forces was the principal sub-command of the Mediterranean Air Command created when the Allied air forces in North Africa and the Mediterranean Theater of Operations were reorganized in February of 1943...  bombed the "Bari, Italy oil refinery".
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	At the end of the 1st phase of the Combined Bomber Offensive Combined Bomber Offensive The Combined Bomber Offensive was an Anglo-American offensive of strategic bombing during World War II in Europe. The primary portion of the CBO was against German Air Force targets which was the highest priority from June 1943 to 1944... , the Battle of the Ruhr Battle of the Ruhr The Battle of the Ruhr was a 5-month long campaign of strategic bombing during the Second World War against the Nazi Germany Ruhr Area, which had coke plants, steelworks, and 10 synthetic oil plants...  unsuccessfully bombed Nordstern.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	In one of the last large raids of the Battle of the Ruhr Battle of the Ruhr The Battle of the Ruhr was a 5-month long campaign of strategic bombing during the Second World War against the Nazi Germany Ruhr Area, which had coke plants, steelworks, and 10 synthetic oil plants... , Nordstern was unsuccessfully attacked.
	Brazi Brazi Brazi is a commune in Prahova County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Băteşti, Brazii de Jos, Brazii de Sus , Negoieşti, Popeşti and Stejaru.In 1948 it had a population of 1,530....	Operation Tidal Wave bombed the Creditul Minier refinery in Brazi.
	Câmpina Câmpina Câmpina is a city in Prahova county, Romania, north of the county seat Ploieşti, located on the main route between Wallachia and Transylvania. In 2003, the city celebrated 500 years since its founding.-History:...	Operation Tidal Wave bombed the Steaua Română refinery in Câmpina.
	Ploieşti	Operation Tidal Wave bombed the Astra Română, Columbia Aquila, and Unirea Orion refineries at Ploieşti (four Medals of Honor Medal of Honor The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. It is bestowed by the President, in the name of Congress, upon members of the United States Armed Forces who distinguish themselves through "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his or her...  were awarded).
	Ploieşti	Operation Tidal Wave bombed the Astra Română and Concordia Vega refineries at Ploieşti (one Medal of Honor Medal of Honor The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. It is bestowed by the President, in the name of Congress, upon members of the United States Armed Forces who distinguish themselves through "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his or her...  was awarded). The Enemy Oil Committee subsequently appraised that Operation Tidal Wave bomb damage at Ploieşti caused "no curtailment of overall product output".
	Bochum	Diverting from the Gelsenkirchen target, B-17 "Ain't It Gruesome" bombed Bochum. An unexploded 20 mm shell struck the boot of Captain Clark Gable Clark Gable William Clark Gable , known as Clark Gable, was an American film actor most famous for his role as Rhett Butler in the 1939 Civil War epic film Gone with the Wind, in which he starred with Vivien Leigh... , a gunnery observer on his third operational flight Gable's footage is in the FMPU First Motion Picture Unit The First Motion Picture Unit was the first unit of the United States Military to be made up entirely of motion picture personnel. It was also the title of a 1943 documentary about the unit.-Organization:... 's propanganda film Combat America Combat America Combat America is a 1943 Allied propaganda film of World War II:Initial footage depicts aircraft flying over American mountains, with Gable narrating that this is what they are fighting for... .
	Recklinghausen	183 B-17's are dispatched to synthetic oil installations at Bochum, Gelsenkirchen and Recklinghausen
	Gelsenkirchen	The 384 BG bombed the Gelsenkirchen "oil refinery".
		Göring identified Mussolini had hoarded 65,000 tons of aviation fuel, including 38,000 barrels in the La Spezia La Spezia La Spezia , at the head of the Gulf of La Spezia in the Liguria region of northern Italy, is the capital city of the province of La Spezia. Located between Genoa and Pisa on the Ligurian Sea, it is one of the main Italian military and commercial harbours and hosts one of Italy's biggest military...  tunnels. The Cisa Pass Cisa Pass The Cisa Pass or La Cisa Pass is a mountain pass in Italy that marks the division between the Ligurian and Tuscan Apennines. It is between northern Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna , near the source of the Magra River at 1,040 meters .-See also:* List of highest paved roads in Europe* List of mountain...  tunnel connected La Spezia with Parma Parma Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its ham, its cheese, its architecture and the fine countryside around it. This is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world.... , and US soldiers were executed for planned sabotage of the Cinque Terre Cinque Terre The Cinque Terre is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is in the Liguria region of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia. "The Five Lands" is composed of five villages: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore...  tunnel between La Spezia and Genoa Genoa Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria.... .
	Gelsenkirchen	Mission 121: 229 of 323 B-17s bombed 495 tons on the marshalling yard and oil plants.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	96 of 328 B-17s bombed 238 tons on the "Hydrier Werke Scholven A.G." (damaged) and the Gelsenkirchener Bergwerke (missed). Gelsenkirchener Bergwerke plants were also at Duisburg-Hamborn (BRUCKHAUSEN Benzol Plant) and Dortmund. A Gelsenkirchen target was also attacked on November 19, and Gelsenkirchen Mission 134 on November 19 was rerouted to bomb the German-Dutch border due to malfunctioning blind-bombing PFF equipment in bad weather.
	Hartley Committee	"losses of oil stocks … caused by Allied attacks during the first eight months of 1943 [were] 400,000 tons. … Approximately 75 per cent of Roumanian crude is a waxy, viscous oil which becomes solid at temperatures below 69" degrees (J.I.C (43) 480).
1944	Ludwigshafen–Oppau Oppau Oppau may refer to* Ludwigshafen-Oppau, a suburb of Ludwigshafen, Germany** the Oppau explosion which occurred there in 1921* until 1945, Opawa, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland...	The 351 BG bombed the explosives factory at Oppau. Prior to May 1944, explosives production was 99,000 metric tons/month, but in December 1944, the amount had dropped to 20,500; and after October 1944, German explosives were 20% rock salt. The Mannheim-Ludwigshafen area was bombed in late 1943 to prevent recovery from previous bomb damage. The Mannheim aircraft plant was bombed on October 19, 1944, and Mannheim had a Daimler Benz truck plant.
	Ludwigshafen	1,000 tons of bombs dropped on Ludwigshafen, and the 447 BG bombed the Ludwigshafen oil refinery. In addition to the nearby Oppau plants, Ludwigshafen targets included a small synthetic oil plant and an oil refinery that used the dehydrogenation process to improve "gasoline quality". Dr. Wurster of the Ludwigshafen Military Government was the "managing director of Oppau and Ludwigshafen." Ludwigshafen targets were subsequently bombed by the 8AF on March 2, March 31, and May 27.
	Fiume Rijeka Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...	The 317 BS bombed the oil refinery.http://www.b17pbemgame.com/317_bomb_squadron_roster.htm Circa January 1944, the Enemy Oil Committee identified that Italian refining had ceased in August 1943. Italian refineries were at Fiume (Ramsa plant), La Spezia, Leghorn, Trieste (Aquila & SIAF plants), and Venice.
		Budapest, Sofia, Bucharest, and Vienna were identified as second priority objectives for 15AF "area attack".
		"To reduce output … to virtually zero in the six months following 1 March requires the destruction of 23 synthetic plants (about 3.3 million tons) and 31 refineries (about 3.7 million tons) [which] currently account for over 90 per cent of total Axis refinery and synthetic oil output" (Plan for Completion of Combined Bomber Offensive). The "German oil situation is extremely vulnerable to the scale of attack contemplated, and that the results of any appreciable damage to production would be disastrous." (US Petroleum Attache, March 6).
	SHAEF	Although Spaatz's claimed "We believe attacks on transportation will not force the German fighters into action. We believe they will defend oil to their last fighter plane', Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States, from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army...  decided that "apart from the attack on the GAF,[German air force] the transportation plan was the only one which offered a reasonable chance of the air forces making an important contribution to the land battle during the first vital weeks of OVERLORD". Control of all air operations was transferred to Eisenhower on April 14 at noon.
	Ploieşti	230 bombers bombed Ploieşti for the 1st time in 8 months, beginning the "1944 Ploesti Campaign" (April 5-August 19: 5,674 sorties, 13,559 bomb tons, 254 aircraft lost). The 32 BS bombed the Ploieşti marshalling yards, and the 451 BG bombed the Ploieşti oil refineries and marshalling yard http://libraryautomation.com/nymas/usaaf7.html (marshalling yards were next to an oil plant.) The Ploieşti marshalling yards were bombed on April 15 by the 317 BS and on April 24, by the 32nd BS, when the first use of the "Mickey" (H2X radar H2X radar H2X radar was an American development of the British H2S radar, the first ground mapping radar to be used in combat. It was used by the USAAF during World War II as a navigation system for daylight overcast and nighttime operations... ) was against Ploieşti.
		Bad winter weather had reduced Wehrmacht Wehrmacht The Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...  fuel consumption, and Luftwaffe fuel supplies were 574,000 tonnes. "…the enemy isn't attacking [the synthetic oil plants] because he wants them for his own use. He thinks it's enough to pulverize our airplanes" (Göring). "Whereas in 1939 our hydrogenation plants were producing 2 million metric tons equivalent of petroleum (including automobile fuel), the construction of new facilities up to 1943 provided an increase to 5.7 million metric tons, and the facilities scheduled for this year will raise the yearly output to 7.1 millon metric tons." (Albert Speer Albert Speer Albert Speer, born Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office...  to Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945... ).
	Ploieşti	34 B-24s of the 450 BG targeted the marshalling yards and bombed the "Vega Oil Refinery".
	Salzbergen Salzbergen Salzbergen is a municipality in the Emsland district, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Ems, approx. 25 km south of Lingen, and 10 km northwest of Rheine.It has the oldest oil refinery in the world, opened in 1860....  synthetic oil plant	The "Hydrierwerke Salzbergen" was attacked.
		By May 1944, only 1.1% of Allied bombs had been used on oil targets.
	Ploieşti	The marshalling yards and oil refineries were bombed. B-24s also bombed the Braşov450 BG & Ploieşti marshalling yards on May 6.
	Bruges Bruges Bruges is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located in the northwest of the country.... , Belgium	12 Bostons achieved near misses at an oil depot at Bruges.
	Leipzig/Böhlen Böhlen Böhlen is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, south of Leipzig. Its main features are a small airport and a power-plant. It is located in the newly built Neuseenland, the lakes created in the former open-pit mining areas.- References :...	Mission 353 was the 1st trial raid on oil targets to test the claim that the Luftwaffe would defend oil targets Oil Campaign of World War II The Allied Oil Campaign of World War II was directed at facilities supplying Nazi Germany with petroleum, oil, and lubrication products...  in Germany more than they had defended transportation targets. RLV fighters put up their largest force ever, but five synthetic oil plants were successfully attacked with 1,718 tons of bombs. A diversionary raid made on the Zwickau aircraft depot faced 200 Luftwaffe fighters
	Leipzig/Leuna	Mission 353: The 384 BG bombed Merseburg.
	Leipzig/Lützendorf Wettin, Saxony-Anhalt Wettin is a small town and a former municipality in the Saalekreis district of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, situated on the River Saale north of Halle. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Löbejün-Wettin. It is known for Wettin Castle, the ancestral seat of the House of Wettin, ruling dynasty of...	Mission 353: The bombing attacked Lützendorf near Leipzig, which had a small Wintershall crude oil refinery (100,000 tons/yr), a hydrogenation unit for blending gasolines, and a Fischer-Tropsch plant to process heavier gasoline cuts from synthesized oil. Plants were at .
	Zeitz	Mission 353
	Brüx Most Most is the capital city of the Most District, situated between the Czech Central Mountains and the Ore Mountains, approximately northwest of Prague along the Bílina River and southwest of Ústí nad Labem.-Etymology:... , Czechoslovakia	Mission 353 bombed Brüx. On December 15, 1942, Sudetenländische Treibstoffwerke AG (STW) had begun output of synthesized fuel from brown coal Lignite Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal by Northern Pacific Railroad,is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere between coal and peat...   at the Maltheuren plant at Brüx.
	Ploieşti (Concordia Vega)	The 464 BG bombed the Concordia Vega refinery.
		Daily output of aircraft fuel had dropped from 5,850 to 4,820 metric tonnes; but the reserve of 574,000 tonnes was expected to last 19 months. On "May 12 ... the technological war was decided. ...with the attack ... upon several fuel plants ... a new era in the air war began. It meant the end of German armaments production" (Speer). "In my view the fuel, Buna rubber, and nitrogen plants represent a particularly sensitive point for the conduct of the war, since vital materials for armaments are being manufactured in a small number of plants… The enemy has struck us at one of our weakest points. If they persist at it this time, we will soon no longer have any fuel production worth mentioning" (Hitler). By May 28, fuel production had returned to the level prior to the May 12 raids. The "economic air raids [using] wise planning [by] the enemy began ... in the last half or three-quarters of a year" before December 1944. "Before that he was, at least from his standpoint, committing absurdities" (Speer, December 1, 1944)
	Leipzig/Lützendorf	The 487 BG bombed the oil refinery.
	Ploieşti (Româno-Americană)	The No. 205 Group RAF No. 205 Group RAF No. 205 Group was a long-range, heavy bomber group of the Royal Air Force established on October 23, 1941 by boosting No. 257 Wing to Group status....  bombed the Româno-Americană refinery.
	Leipzig/Leuna	Mission 376 dispatched a record force of 1,282 bombers against plants and refineries, losing 50 including 400 in the 2nd trial attack of oil targets. 63 B-24s bombed Merseburg/Leuna Leuna Leuna is a town in the Saalekreis, Saxony-Anhalt, eastern Germany, south of Merseburg and Halle. It is known for the Leunawerke , at 13 km2 one of the biggest chemical industrial complexes in Germany, where a very wide range of chemicals and plastics is produced... , and Leuna resumed partial production on June 3 and reached 75% of capacity in early July.
	Leipzig/Lützendorf	The 486 BG bombed .
	Magdeburg Magdeburg Magdeburg , is the largest city and the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe.... /Konigsburg Königsburg Königsburg is a ruined medieval castle southeast of Königshütte, a village in the borough of Oberharz am Brocken, in Harz district in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.- Site :...	Mission 376: 105 B-17s bombed an oil dump at Konigsburg/Magdeburg. A Konigsberg target was also bombed on June 20 (Mission 425), and Magdeburg also had a Junkers Jumo 211 engine plant (the 487 BG bombed the Magdeburg airplane factory on August 5, 1944.)
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 376: 55 B-17s bombed oil industry at Magdeburg/Rothensee. Bohlen-Rotha, Magdeburg-Rothensee, Ruhland-Scwarzheide (a 1937 Fischer-Tropsch plant), & Zeitz-Troglitz were the 4 plants (3 were for Bergius hydrogenation) of Braunkohlen Benzin AG (Brabag), which was formed on October 26, 1934. The Brabag subsidiary of Gesellschaft für Mineralölbau GmbH (established November 1936) designed the plants based on licensed information from other oil companies.
	Ruhland Ruhland Ruhland is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in southern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarze Elster, 12 km southwest of Senftenberg.... –Schwarzheide Schwarzheide Schwarzheide is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in southern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarze Elster, 11 km southwest of Senftenberg, 110 km south of Berlin and 40 km north of Dresden...	Mission 376: 38 B-17s bombed an oil target at Ruhland/Schwarz-Heide.
	Zeitz	Mission 376: 187 B-24s bombed "Zeitz-Tröglitz". KZ Tröglitz was a subcamp of Buchenwald
	Pölitz	Mission 379: 224 B-24s bombed an oil terminal at Pölitz. "Poelitz/Stettin" was a synthetic plant, and on May 13, clouds had forced 272 B-17s (Mission 355) dispatched to oil targets in W Poland to bomb Stettin and Stralsund Stralsund - Main sights :* The Brick Gothic historic centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.* The heart of the old town is the Old Market Square , with the Gothic Town Hall . Behind the town hall stands the imposing Nikolaikirche , built in 1270-1360... .
	Ploieşti	Ploieşti was bombed.
	Ludwigshafen	The 447 BG bombed the oil refinery.
		The 485 BG bombed the Refinery. "Lumina Petromina" was an additional Romanian refinery not in Ploieşti or Bucharest.
		The intelligence annex to the field order for the May 31 Ploieşti mission stated "Successful attacks on [the aircraft factories at the] Wiener-Neustadter complex have raised oil to high priority. …destruction of remaining active capacity of Ploesti will create [a] critical situation for [the] entire Axis war effort and make possible further important inroads through attacks in Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Italy. [The] Eighth Air Force has now damaged all but 2 of the major synthetic plants in its area making it possible for Fifteenth [Air Force] to destroy sufficient refinery and synthetic capacity to [reduce total] production close to 75 percent. Destruction of vital installations in targets selected will immobilize Ploesti capacity for several months."
	Ploieşti	32 B-24s of the 450 BG attacked the "Româno-Americană Oil Refinery", but failed due to the smoke screens. The 450 BG also bombed the Româno-Americană refinery on June 6, 24, & July 15; and the Concordia Vega refinery on July 9, 22
		A May 5 decoded message stated anti-aircraft artillery was being moved to Pölitz and Blechhammer Blechhammer The Blechhammer area was the location of Nazi Germany chemical plants, prisoner of war camps, and forced labor camps . Labor camp prisoners began arriving as early as June 17, 1942, and in July 1944, 400-500 men were transferred from the Terezin family camp to Blechhammer... , and one on June 5 indicated the Luftwaffe was short of fuel. British intelligence concluded that the bombing of oil targets would be "crippling" in 3–6 months.http://books.google.com/books?id=LZ99c7ZlxxQC&pg=PA144 Romanian production had been reduced from 200,000 tons in February to 40,000 in June.
		Spaatz ordered that "the primary aim of the Eighth and Fifteenth Air Forces would be to deny oil to the enemy".
	Ploieşti (Dacia Română-485 BG, Româno-Americană-450 BG)	In the 1st large-scale American attempt to use a dispersed bomber force to spread out fighter defenses in Romania, Ploieşti was bombed (the 485 BG bombed the Dacia Română oil refinery). Additional B-17s, including some Soviet-based for Operation Frantic Operation Frantic -Airfields:In February 1944, the USAAF received access to six air bases in Ukraine, but it turned out only three were set up for the effort. In haste, the United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe established a headquarters detachment at Poltava Airfield, near Kiev in the Soviet Union in late... , attacked the Galaţi Galati Galați is a city and municipality in Romania, the capital of Galați County. Located in the historical region of Moldavia, in the close vicinity of Brăila, Galați is the largest port and sea port on the Danube River and the second largest Romanian port....  Airdrome: "most oil from Ploesti must be shipped west over [the] Danube for refining." (annex of intelligence report)
	Porto Marghera	Porto Marghera oil storage bombed.
	Trieste Trieste Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...	B-24s bombed an oil refinery at Trieste Trieste Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city... .
	Ploieşti	36 P-38s dive-bombed 3 Ploieşti oil refineries by flying under the smoke screens.
	Constanţa Constanta Constanța is the oldest extant city in Romania, founded around 600 BC. The city is located in the Dobruja region of Romania, on the Black Sea coast. It is the capital of Constanța County and the largest city in the region....	B-24s bombed an oil installation at Constanţa.
	Giurgiu Giurgiu Giurgiu is the capital city of Giurgiu County, Romania, in the Greater Wallachia. It is situated amid mud-flats and marshes on the left bank of the Danube facing the Bulgarian city of Rousse on the opposite bank. Three small islands face the city, and a larger one shelters its port, Smarda...	The 461 BG bombed the Giurgiu oil storage. 80 miles southeast of Ploieşti, Giurgiu was "the most important transshipment point in Europe".
	Smederevo Smederevo Smederevo is a city and municipality in Serbia, on the right bank of the Danube, about 40 km downstream of the capital Belgrade. According to official results of the 2011 census, the city has a population of 107,528...	The 485 BG bombed the oil refinery.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	The 1st RAF oil target bombing following the June 3 British Air Staff request for RAF Bomber Command RAF Bomber Command RAF Bomber Command controlled the RAF's bomber forces from 1936 to 1968. During World War II the command destroyed a significant proportion of Nazi Germany's industries and many German cities, and in the 1960s stood at the peak of its postwar military power with the V bombers and a supplemental...  to attack Ruhr oil plants halted Nordstern production (1,000 tons/day of aviation fuel) for several weeks. THe main attack of the night was directed against lines of communication targets in France.
	Porto Marghera	The 461 BG targeted the Porto Marghera oil storage and hit the aluminum plant.
	Emmerich am Rhein	Mission 412: 61 B-24s hit the Emmerich, Germany oil refinery. Deutsche Gasolin plants were at Emmerich, Dollbergen, and Korneuburg.http://orbat.com/site/sturmvogel/ussbsnat.html
	Pétfürdő Pétfürdo - External links :*...	The 464 BG bombed the Pétfürdő oil cracking plant. The 32 BS bombed a Budapest oil refinery.
	[Expand]	B-24s bomb oil targets Komárom Komárom Komárom is a city in Hungary on the right bank of the Danube in Komárom-Esztergom county.The city of Komárom was formerly a separate suburban village called...  (Hungary), and Osijek Osijek Osijek is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 83,496 in 2011. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county...  (Ipoil).
	Caprag Sisak Sisak is a city in central Croatia. The city's population in 2011 was 33,049, with a total of 49,699 in the administrative region and it is also the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina county...	B-24s bombed oil target[s] at Sisak Sisak Sisak is a city in central Croatia. The city's population in 2011 was 33,049, with a total of 49,699 in the administrative region and it is also the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina county... -Caprag. Caprag refining capacity was 120,000 tons/yr.
	Pardubice region	B-24s bombed an oil target at Pardubice.
	Osijek Osijek Osijek is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 83,496 in 2011. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county...	39 B-24s of the 450 BG targeted the oil refinery.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer Buer, Germany Buer is the largest suburb of Gelsenkirchen. The Hochstrasse in the heart of Buer is the largest shopping street in Gelsenkirchen.-History:... )	3 bombs from 35 Mosquitos fell into the plant area, and 3 civilians were killed outside the factory—a farmer, a lorry-driver, and a housewife.
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Mission 414: 172 B-17s hit the Hannover/Misburg oil refinery, to which the Hanover-Misburg subcamp of Neuengamme provided forced labor. The Misburg refinery (1,060 workers) was 5 miles East of Hanover, and a decoy plant was about 2 miles from the refinery.http://orbat.com/site/sturmvogel/ussbsnat.html Hanover also had three tire plants: Vahrenwalderstrasse, Nordhafen, and Marienwerder (a rubber factory Synthetic rubber Synthetic rubber is is any type of artificial elastomer, invariably a polymer. An elastomer is a material with the mechanical property that it can undergo much more elastic deformation under stress than most materials and still return to its previous size without permanent deformation...  in Hanover was bombed on July 26, 1943, during Blitz Week Blitz Week Blitz Week was a period of United States Army Air Forces aerial bombardment during the Combined Bomber Offensive of World War II. Air raids were conducted on six of seven days as part of Operation Gomorrah, against targets such as the chemical plant at Herøya, Norway, which produced nitrates for... ).
	Vienna Bombing of Vienna in World War II The city of Vienna in Austria was bombed fifty-two times during World War II, and 87,000 houses of the city were lost . Only 41 civilian vehicles survived the raids, more than 3,000 bomb craters were counted... /Floridsdorf Floridsdorf Floridsdorf is the 21st district of Vienna, Austria .Floridsdorf is located in the northern part of Vienna.The District Office and the centre of Floridsdorf are located round Am Spitz, at the junction of Prager Straße and Brünner Straße .Since 2004, Floridsdorf has had its own tower: the...	B-17s bombed the oil refinery On this date the 464 BG bombed an oil blending plant at Vienna. Vienna was first bombed on March 17, 1944.
	Kagran Donaustadt Donaustadt is the 22nd district of Vienna, Austria .Donaustadt is the eastern fourth of Vienna.- Geography :The Donaustadt district is in the northeast part of Vienna and is the largest of the districts in area, occupying about one-quarter of the Vienna city area, 102.24 km².It borders the...	B-17s bombed the oil refinery
	Vienna (Lobau Lobau The Lobau is a Vienna floodplain on the northern side of the Danube and partly in Großenzersdorf, Lower Austria. It has been part of the Danube-Auen National Park since 1996 and has been a protected area since 1978. It is used as a recreational area and is known as a site of nudism. There is... )	B-24s bombed the Lobau oil refinery west of Vienna.
	Vienna Schwechat Schwechat Schwechat is a city south-east of Vienna known for the Vienna International Airport and Schwechater beer. It is also home to the refineries belonging to the Austrian national oil company OMV.- Geography :...	B-24s bombed the oil refinery at Schwechat in Vienna. Schwechat also had an aircraft factory that was bombed on June 26, 1944; and became a separate city in 1954.
	Vienna (Winterhafen)	B-24s bombed the Winterhafen oil depot. An underground storage installation was just west of Mainz, Mainz targets were also bombed by 22 B-17s on September 13, 171 B-17s on September 27, and the 466th on February 1 & 27, 1945. Mainz was captured on March 21.
	Bratislava (Apollo)	38 B-24s of the 450 BG targeted the Apollo oil refinery.
	Szöny Szöny -History:In the year 97, the Roman legion Legio I Adiutrix campaigned in the area. The town was known as Brigetio to the Romans. The town has one of the earliest records of conjoined twins - Helen and Judith....	The 461 BG bombed the "oil storage installations" and earned a commendation from the 49th Bomb Wing commander (Lee).
		B-26s attacked French fuel dumps.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	With most of the effort on railways, four Mosquitos targeted the Scholven/Buer oil plant
	Bremen	The Bremen-Oslebshausen Bremen-Oslebshausen railway station Bremen-Oslebshausen is a railway station located on the Vegesack-Bremen and Bremen-Bremerhaven railway lines. Only services on the Vegesack-Bremen line call at the station, services to and from Bremerhaven pass through without stopping....  refinery was 1 of 11 bombed on this date. Bremen Oslebshausen refining capacity was 100,000 tons/yr.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Mission 421: B-17s bombed Hamburg-Ebano (18), Hamburg-Eurotank (54), Hamburg-Ossag (38), and Hamburg-Schindler (36). The Ostermoor refinery was also at Hamburg.
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Mission 421: 88 B-17s bombed the Hannover-Misburg oil refinery.
	Giurgiu	The 485 BG bombed the oil installations at Giurgiu.
	Sète Sète Sète is a commune in the Hérault department in Languedoc-Roussillon in southern France. Its inhabitants are called Sétois....	The 485 BG bombed the oil refinery. The Frontignan refinery was at Sète, and other small French refineries were at Gonfreville, Port Jerome, Martiques, Petit-Couronne, Etang de Berre, Dunkirk, L'Avere, Bec d'Ambes, Courchalettes, Gravenchon, 2 plants at Donges, and a shale oil refinery was at Autun.
	Balaruc-le-Vieux Balaruc-le-Vieux Balaruc-le-Vieux is a commune in the Hérault department in the Languedoc-Roussillon region in southern France.-Population:-References:*...	The 464 BG bombed oil refineries at "Balaruc". A Balaruc-le-Vieux target was bombed on the 25th.http://books.google.com/books?id=RjzLqxg6KlAC&pg=PT422
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Mission 425: 169 B-24s bombed the Deurag-Nerag crude oil refinery.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Mission 425: B-17s bombed oil refineries at Hamburg/Deut.Petr.AG (53), Harburg/Ebano (60),Hamburg/Eurotank (107), Hamburg/Rhenania-Ossag (50), Harburg/Rhenania (53), Hamburg/Schliemanns (54), and Hamburg/Schindler (26).
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 425: 95 B-17s bombed Magdeburg/Rothensee.
	Pölitz	245 B-24s bombed.
		The minimum number of flak guns were ordered to be placed at Pölitz (200), Auschwitz (200), Hamburg (200), Brüx (170, Gelsenkirchen (140), Scholven (140), Wesseling (150), Heydebreck (130), Leuna (120), Blechhammer (100), Moosbierbaum (100), and Böhlen (70).http://books.google.com/books?id=rVVeO4B985wC&pg=PA317 The Ruhland Fischer-Tropsch plant and other synthetic oil plants were fortified to be "hydrogenation fortresses" (e.g., the plants in the Leipzig area were protected by over 1,000 guns.) In additional to increased active defenses, the facilities incorporated blast walls and concrete "dog houses" around vital machinery. Similar to the technical experts transferred for the V-2 rocket program, 7,000 engineers were released from the German Army to provide technical support for oil facilities. Aviation fuel production (thousands of tons) was reduced the most in June 1944 (Wolfgang Birkenfeld, 1964): Jan - Feb - Mar - Apr - May - Jun - Jul - Aug - Sep - Oct - Nov - Dec 1944 159 - 164 - 181 - 175 - 156 - 52 - 35 - 17 - 10 - 20 - 49 - 26 and in August, a limited program was assigned the "highest priority". "By sending the production of fighter aircraft soaring we can meet the greatest danger we face: the crushing of our armaments manufacture on the home front" (Speer, August 13).
	(Giurgiu)	B-24s bombed Giurgiu oil storage.
	Ploieşti	The 32 BS bombed a Ploieşti oil refinery.
	Ploieşti	B-24s bombed an oil refinery.http://www.milhist.net/usaaf/ploesti.html
	Bremen	Mission 438: 213 B-17s bombed Bremen oil industry. The 92 BG bombed the Bremen "oil storage complex".
	Montbartier Montbartier Montbartier is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Midi-Pyrénées region in southern France.-References:*...	Mission 441: 64 B-17s hit the Montbartier oil depot.
	Sète Sète Sète is a commune in the Hérault department in Languedoc-Roussillon in southern France. Its inhabitants are called Sétois....	The 32 BS bombed Sète oil storage.
	[Expand]	400+ B-26s and A-20s hit French fuel dumps at Foret d'Andaine, Foret d'Ecouves, and Senonches Senonches Senonches is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in north-central France.-Population:-References:*... .
	Homberg	42 Mosquitos bombed the Treibstoffwerke Rheinpreußen synthetic-oil plant at Homberg/Meerbeck Meerbeck Meerbeck is a municipality in the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany....  in the Ruhr.
	Vienna (Schwechat)	The Schwechat aircraft factory and oil refinery were bombed.
	Drohobycz	Mission 442: After being delayed one day due to weather, 72 B-17s left Poltava and Mirgorod, USSR, joined with 55 P-51s from Piryatin to bomb the marshalling yard and oil refinery at Drohobycz (1 returned to the USSR because of mechanical trouble). Fifteenth Air Force P-51s met the formation 1 hour after the attack and escorted the B-17s to Foggia Foggia Foggia is a city and comune of Apulia, Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known as the "granary of Italy".-History:...  Italy; the B-17s were planned to transfer to UK bases on June 27 but bad weather delayed the move until July 5.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)	The Floridsdorf oil refinery and marshalling yard were bombed.
	Korneuburg Korneuburg Korneuburg is a town in Austria. It is located in the state Lower Austria and is the administrative center of the district of Korneuburg. Korneuburg is situated on the left bank of the Danube, opposite the city of Klosterneuburg, and is 12 km northwest of Vienna...	The 461 BG bombed "a refinery in the open country near the small town of Korneuburg".
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum Moosbierbaum Moosbierbaum is part of the Atzenbrugg municipality of Lower Austria.HistoryIn 1913, the Škoda Wetzlar gunpowder factory was established in Moosbierbaum. As a target of the Oil Campaign of World War II, Moosbierbaum had a chemical works which performed 60,000 tons/year of Naphtha dehydrogenation,... )	The 455th BG received a 2nd Distinguished Unit Citation for bombing the Vienna (Moosbierbaum) oil refinery.
	Vienna (Lobau)	The Lobau oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Schwechat)	The Schwechat aircraft factory and oil refinery were bombed.
	Vienna (Winterhafen)	Winterhafen oil refinery bombed.
	Heydebreck Heydebreck-Cosel Heydebreck was a Nazi Germany village area with POW camps Arbeitskommando E711A and Bau und Arbeits camp 20 . Five km west in the Cosel district was a subcamp of Auschwitz III operated from April 1, 1944 to January 26, 1945...	The Heydebreck oil/chemical facilities near Cosel Kedzierzyn-Kozle Kędzierzyn-Koźle is the capital city of Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Silesia, Poland. Kędzierzyn-Koźle is a place of a major river port, has rail connections with all major cities of Poland and serves western outskirts of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union....  and Blechhammer were first bombed in June 1944.
	Blechhammer Blechhammer The Blechhammer area was the location of Nazi Germany chemical plants, prisoner of war camps, and forced labor camps . Labor camp prisoners began arriving as early as June 17, 1942, and in July 1944, 400-500 men were transferred from the Terezin family camp to Blechhammer...  South	The 464 BG bombed the Blechhammer South synthetic oil plant.
	Drohobycz	B-24s bombed oil industry. The Drohobycz (Nafta) refinery produced 35,000 tons/year.
	Paris/Dugny Dugny Dugny is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris.About a third of Le Bourget airport lies on the territory of the commune of Dugny, including its main terminal and the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace...	Mission 445: 18 B-17s hit the Dugny oil depot.
	Bucharest Bombing of Bucharest in World War II The Bucharest World War II bombings were primarily Allied bombings of railroad targets and those of the Oil Campaign of World War II, but included a bombing by Nazi Germany after the royal coup. Bucharest stored and distributed much of Ploiești's refined oil products....	In Bucharest, where much of Ploieşti's refined product was stored and distributed, the 464 BG bombed the " Petrolul" refinery and the 485 BG bombed the "Titan Oil Refinery".
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	33 Mosquitos bombed Saarbrücken Saarbrücken Saarbrücken is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. The city is situated at the heart of a metropolitan area that borders on the west on Dillingen and to the north-east on Neunkirchen, where most of the people of the Saarland live....  (which had an airfield and marshalling yards)http://libraryautomation.com/nymas/usaaf7.html and 10 bombed the Scholven/Buer oil plant.
	Leipzig/Böhlen	Mission 447: 81 B-17s bombed the Böhlen synthetic oil plant.
	Blechhammer North & South	The 461 BG & 464 BG bombed the South plant, and the 32 BS bombed the North plant.
		"Our aviation gasoline production was badly hit in May and June. The enemy has succeeded in increasing our losses of aviation gasoline up to 90 percent by June 22. Only through speedy recovery of damaged plants has it been possible to regain partly … however, aviation gasoline production is completely insufficient http://books.google.com/books?id=AC1GlWYTe3EC&pg=RA1-PA208-IA11 … If we cannot manage to protect our hydrogenation factories and our refineries by all possible means, it will be impossible to get them back into working order from the state they are in now. If that happens, then by September we shall no longer be capable of covering the Wehrmacht's most urgent needs. In other words, from then on there will be a gap which will be impossible to fill and which will bring in its train inevitable tragic consequences." (Speer to Hitler)
	Homberg	40 Mosquitos to Homberg oil plant.
	Budapest Budapest Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...  (Shell)	The 456 BG bombed the "previously-untouched" Shell Oil refinery 456th Bomb Group The 456th Bomb Group was an air combat unit of the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. A "heavy bombardment group," the 456th operated B-24 Liberator aircraft and was known unofficially as "Steed's Flying Colts," after its commander.The 456th Bomb Group flew 249 bombing...  at Budapest and earned its 2nd Distinguished Unit Citation. 31 aircraft bombed at mid-morning and were attacked three minutes after bomb release (before reassembly) by 50 Me-109s and 10 FW-190s of Jagdgeschwader 300 Jagdgeschwader 300 Jagdgeschwader 300 was a Luftwaffe fighter-wing of World War II. JG 300 was formed on June 26, 1943 in Deelen as Stab/Versuchskommando Herrmann, from July 18, 1943 as Stab/JG Herrmann, and then finally redesignated on August 20, 1943 to Stab/JG 300...  and the Hungarian 101 Puma Group Hungarian Air Force The Hungarian Air Force is the air force branch of the Hungarian Army.- 1918 to Pre–World War II :Following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918, a small air arm was established operating surviving aircraft from Hungarian factories and training schools... . The 744 BS lost 6 of 9 bombers in the target area and a seventh damaged beyond repair (36 KIA/MIA, 24 captured — the largest single-day loss for the group.) Budapest's three refineries were operated by Shell, Magyar Petrol, and Asvanyol-Fanto, and oil storage was at Budapest-Csepel Csepel Csepel is the 21st district and a neighbourhood in Budapest, Hungary. Csepel officially became part of Budapest on 1 January 1950.- Location :... . Budapest also was the site of the Duna Repülőgépgyár Repülogépgyár Levente II -References:http://www.csepel-sziget.hu/wordpress/?p=173 -See also:...  Szigentmiklos assembly plant for Messerschmitt 210s and 410s.
	Belgrade Belgrade Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...	The 464 BG bombed the Shell oil depot at Belgrade.
	Braşov Brasov Brașov is a city in Romania and the capital of Brașov County.According to the last Romanian census, from 2002, there were 284,596 people living within the city of Brașov, making it the 8th most populated city in Romania....	The 32 BS bombed the Photogen oil refinery (formerly the Petroleum Refinery Transylvania).http://www.bbw.ro/articol_372/despina_automotive.html
	(Porto Marghera)	The 485 BG bombed the "Marghera Oil Storage" near Mestre Mestre Mestre is a city part of the comune of Venice, in Veneto, northern Italy.The city is connected to Venice by a large rail and road bridge, called Ponte della Libertà .... .
	(Porto Marghera)	The 464 BG bombed the oil storage at Porto Marghera.
	Ploieşti	The 461st BG bombed Ploieşti oil targets.
		The Joint Oil Targets Committee was set up.
	Blechhammer North & South	365 bombers attacked the North and South plants.http://books.google.com/books?id=jTXWGhwBacAC&pg=PA297
	Leipzig	Of 453 B-17s, 114 bombed Leipzig/Taucha Taucha Taucha is a town in the district of Nordsachsen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Parthe, 10 km northeast of Leipzig.... , 35 hit Leipzig/Heiterblick, 79 & 15 bombed the Erla fighter aircraft plants at Leipzig/Mockau & Leipzig/Abtnaundorf, 46 hit Leipzig Deutsche Kugellager Fabrik (D.K.F.) ball bearing works. (The Leipzig DKF plant was also bombed on December 3/4, 1943.) 35 hit Kolleda Airfield, 19 hit Leipzig Station and 7 hit Nordhausen. Leipzig/Taucha Taucha Taucha is a town in the district of Nordsachsen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Parthe, 10 km northeast of Leipzig....  had an oil refinery and a Mittledeutsche Jumo 211 engine plant. In March 1944, the Leipzig A.T.G. plant could complete final assembly of Ju 88 bombers at 10/month.
	Leipzig/Böhlen
	Leipzig/Leuna	The 447 BG bombed Merseburg, and Leuna was shut down for 2 days. By July 19 production had risen to 53% of capacity.
	Leipzig/Lützendorf
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)	The 464 BG http://libraryautomation.com/nymas/usaaf7.html and 465 BG  earned Distinguished Unit Citations.
	Ploieşti	B-24s bombed an oil refinery.http://www.milhist.net/usaaf/ploesti.html
	(Porto Marghera)	The 464 BG bombed the oil storage at Porto Marghera.
	Budapest	The 32 BS bombed a Budapest oil refinery
	Budapest	26 B-24s of the 450 BG targeted the Ferencvaros marshalling yard and hit buildings, a factory, and a refinery.
	Ploieşti (Unirea Speranţa)	600+ B-17s and B-24s bombed 4 oil refineries in the Ploieşti area and the "Teleajenul pumping station".http://www.milhist.net/usaaf/ploesti.html The 485 BG bombed the Oil Refinery.
	Vienna	The 32 BS bombed a Vienna oil refinery.
		Aviation fuel production was 2,307 daily tonnes (40% of original production).
	Kiel Kiel Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 238,049 .Kiel is approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the north of Germany, the southeast of the Jutland peninsula, and the southwestern shore of the...	The 447 BG bombed Kiel oil targets. During the September 12 major assault on the German oil industry (Mission 626), 58 B-24s also bombed a Kiel target.
	Friedrichshafen	The 464 BG bombed the synthetic fuel plant at Oberaderach.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	The raid "achieved complete surprise through radio silence" and caused production to come to "a complete standstill for a long period".
	Wesseling Wesseling Wesseling is an industrial German city on the Rhine bordering Cologne city on the south. Wesseling originates from the Latin „Wasliacum“ which means "Villlage of Waslica" The story that Wesselig originates from "changing of the rope"...	The bombing destroyed 20% of the installations.
	Leipzig/Leuna	The 447 BG bombed the Merseburg "synthetic oil refinery".
	Bottrop-Welheim	166 bombers attacked the Ruhröl AG synthetic oil plant.
	Brüx	The 32 BS bombed.
	Ploieşti (Româno-Americană)	The 464 BG bombed the Româno-Americană refinery.
	Berat	14 B-24s of the 450 BG targeted the "Kucove Oil Refinery" and previous bombing obscured the aiming point (there were "near misses" on the "old refinery").
	Wanne-Eickel	135 bombers attacked the Krupp GmbH synthetic oil plant.
	Leipzig/Leuna	Over Merseburg, the 92 BG bombed the synthetic oil refinery/storage, and the Me 163B Komet Messerschmitt Me 163 The Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet, designed by Alexander Lippisch, was a German rocket-powered fighter aircraft. It is the only rocket-powered fighter aircraft ever to have been operational. Its design was revolutionary, and the Me 163 was capable of performance unrivaled at the time. Messerschmitt...  conducted its first attacks, engaging B-17s with escorts, including 8 P-51s of the 359th Fighter Group 359th Fighter Group The 359th Fighter Group is an inactive United States Army Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with the Army Service Forces, being stationed at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey. It was inactivated on 10 November 1945.... . Merseburg-Leuna was bombed 6 times from July 20-September 28. Leuna attacks on July 28 & 29; August 24; September 11, 13, & 28; and October 7 kept Leuna closed until October 14.
	Ploieşti (Româno-Americană, Standard Petrol Block)	The 464 BG bombed the Româno-Americană refinery and the 485 BG bombed the "Standard Oil Refinery" (B-24 44-40497 was abandoned after flying into the fireball of 41-29275).
	Leipzig/Leuna	The 384 BG bombed Merseburg.
		Luftwaffe fuel supplies were 35,000 tonnes in July. By July 21, Production was reduced to 120 daily tonnes, but was restored to 690 by the end of July. However, repairs were not as durable and shocks from near misses caused leaks (from August to October, monthly production was 10% or less of original rates, then reached 28% in November.)
	Bucharest	Two oil refineries at Bucharest, one at Doiceşti, and oil storage at Targoviste Târgoviste Târgoviște is a city in the Dâmbovița county of Romania. It is situated on the right bank of the Ialomiţa River. , it had an estimated population of 89,000. One village, Priseaca, is administered by the city.-Name:...  were bombed.http://www.milhist.net/usaaf/ploesti.html The Red Army entered Bucharest on August 30.
	Ploieşti	The 461st BG received a 2nd Distinguished Unit Citation for a July 1944 Ploieşti bombing.
	Ploieşti (Xenia)	The 461 BG bombed the Ploieşti Xenia oil refinery.
		ULTRA intercepts indicated Luftwaffe ground crews were prohibited from leaving fuel in parked aircraft "to avoid losses" during bombing.
	[Expand]	Mission 510: Paris/Gennevilliers (51 B-17s), Paris/Dugny (38 B-17s), and Sens Sens Sens is a commune in the Yonne department in Burgundy in north-central France.Sens is a sub-prefecture of the department. It is crossed by the Yonne and the Vanne, which empties into the Yonne here.-History:...  (26 B-24s) bombed. Fifteenth Air Force B-17s hit Le Pouzin (461st BG) and Le Pontet oil storage facilities. The 447 BG bombed the St Dennis "oil and supply dump".
	Friedrichshafen	The 461 BG's primary target was the "Raderach Chemical Works", and the ZF Friedrichshafen ZF Friedrichshafen ZF Friedrichshafen AG, also known as ZF Group, and commonly abbreviated to ZF, is a German public company headquartered in Friedrichshafen, in the south-west German region of Baden-Württemberg....  "Zahnradfabrik" (gearwheel factory) secondary target was also bombed. The chief tank factories were at Maybach Maybach Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH is a German luxury car manufacturer. It was founded in 1909 by Wilhelm Maybach and his son. The company was originally a subsidiary of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH and was itself known as Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH until 1912.Today, the ultra-luxury car brand is owned by... , Nordbau (Frankfurt) Romer A Reference Card or "Romer" is a device for increasing the accuracy when reading a grid reference from a map. Made from transparent plastic, paper or other materials, they are also found on most baseplate compasses. Essentially, it is a specially marked-out ruler which matches the scale of the map... , and Zahnradfabrik, and nearly all tank engines were produced at either the Maybach Motorenbau at Freidrichshafen and Norddeutsche Motorenbau at Berlin.
		Mission 513: 62 B-24s bombed Brussels/Vilvoorde Vilvoorde Vilvoorde is a Belgian municipality in the Flemish province of Flemish Brabant. The municipality comprises the city of Vilvoorde proper with its two outlying quarters of Koningslo and Houtem and the small town of Peutie...  oil installations/dumps. The Ghent, Langerbrugge (Shell) plant was in Belgium.
	Merkwiller-Pechelbronn Merkwiller-Pechelbronn Merkwiller-Pechelbronn is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It is notable as the original home of oil sands mining....	Mission 512: 106 B-17s hit the Oil Refinery. "Merkwiller, Pechelbronn, France" refining capacity was 130,000 tons/yr.
	Terneuzen Terneuzen Terneuzen is a city and municipality in the southwestern Netherlands, in the province of Zeeland, in the middle of Zeelandic Flanders. With over 55,000 inhabitants, it is the most populous municipality of Zeeland.-Population centres :...	Mission 513: 10 B-24s bombed Ghent Ghent Ghent is a city and a municipality located in the Flemish region of Belgium. It is the capital and biggest city of the East Flanders province. The city started as a settlement at the confluence of the Rivers Scheldt and Lys and in the Middle Ages became one of the largest and richest cities of... /Terneuzen oil installations/dumps in France.
	Bremen	50 B-17s bombed the Bremen-Oslebshausen oil refinery.
	Hemmingstedt Hemmingstedt Hemmingstedt is a German municipality in the district of Dithmarschen in the state of Schleswig-Holstein.-History:Hemmingstedt is the namesake of the Battle of Hemmingstedt, which took place south of the place in today's municipal area of Epenwöhrden...	Mission 514: The Hemmingstedt/Heide Heide Heide is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis Dithmarschen. Population: 21,000.The German word Heide means "heath". In the 15th century four adjoining villages decided to build a church in the "middle of the heath". This remained the town's name to date...  oil refinery was bombed.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	181 B-17s bombed Hamburg refineries. The 487 BG bombed the Nordholz refinery, and the 486 BG was attacked by Me 163 Komets.
	Bec-d'Ambes Ambès Ambès is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.It is located at the point, the Bec d'Ambès , where the rivers Garonne and Dordogne meet to form the Gironde estuary....	The Bec-d'Ambes refinery that had opened at the Garonne/Dordogne river junction in 1931 was bombed.http://worldwar2database.com/gallery2/v/wwii0037.jpg.html?g2_fromNavId=x8184269f&g2_GALLERYSID=d5b70588680dcdfcaad310e5b40b1741
	Pauillac Pauillac Pauillac is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in southwestern France.-Population:-Wine:The commune consists of only 3000 acres of vineyards in the Haut-Médoc between the villages of Saint-Julien to the south and Saint-Estèphe to the north, but is home to three of Bordeaux's five...	The Pauillac oil store was bombed in clear conditions without encountering German fighters.
	Hemmingstedt	Mission 524: 23 B-17s bombed Hemmingstedt.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Mission 524: Hamburg oil refineries bombed at Hamburg/Deutsche (54), Hamburg/ (33), Hamburg/Rhenania (61), Hamburg/Rhenania-Ossag (62), Hamburg/Schlieman (32), and Hamburg/Schulau (72 B-17s). Rhenania-Ossag was a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell Royal Dutch Shell Royal Dutch Shell plc , commonly known as Shell, is a global oil and gas company headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands and with its registered office in London, United Kingdom. It is the fifth-largest company in the world according to a composite measure by Forbes magazine and one of the six... .
	Genshagen	Mission 524: 74 B-17s bombed Genshagen, 45 hit Berlin diesel factories.
	Le Pontet Le Pontet Le Pontet is the name of the following communes in France:* Le Pontet, Savoie, in the Savoie department* Le Pontet, Vaucluse, in the Vaucluse department...	The 464 BG bombed a refinery at Le Pontet.
	Le Pouzin Le Pouzin Le Pouzin is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.-Population:...	Le Pouzin oil storage bombed in SE France.http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3897/is_200212/ai_n9149821
	Lyon Lyon Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....	Lyon oil storage bombed in SE France.http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3897/is_200212/ai_n9149821
	Blechhammer North & South	The 464 BG bombed the Blechhammer North synthetic oil plant, and the 461 BG bombed the South plant.
	Novi Sad History of Novi Sad This is history of Novi Sad.-Early history of Petrovaradin:Human settlement in the territory of present-day Novi Sad has been traced as far back as the Stone Age . This settlement was located on the right bank of the river Danube in the territory of present-day Petrovaradin.This region was...	76 B-24s bombed Alibunar Alibunar Alibunar is a town and municipality in South Banat District of Vojvodina, Serbia. Alibunar town has a population of 3,402, and Alibunar municipality 22,856.-Name:...  Airfield and Novi Sad oil facilities in Yugoslavia.
	Dungy	The 384 BG bombed the Dungy oil depot.
	Blechhammer North & South	353 bombers attacked the synthetic oil refineries at Blechhammer South (B-17s) and North (B-24s).
	Trzebina	Mission 528: 55 B-17s and 29 P-51s 357th Fighter Group The 357th Fighter Group was an air combat unit of the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. The 357th operated P-51 Mustang aircraft as part of the U.S. Eighth Air Force and its members were known unofficially as "The Yoxford Boys" after a village near their base...  attacked an "oil refinery at Trzebina, Poland" and returned to Operation Frantic Operation Frantic -Airfields:In February 1944, the USAAF received access to six air bases in Ukraine, but it turned out only three were set up for the effort. In haste, the United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe established a headquarters detachment at Poltava Airfield, near Kiev in the Soviet Union in late...  bases in the USSR.
	Hanover/Dollberg Celtic circular wall of Otzenhausen The Celtic circular fort at Otzenhausen is one of the biggest fortifications the Celts ever constructed.It was built by Celts of the Treveri tribe, who lived in the region north of the fort. The fort is located on top of the Dollberg, a hill near Otzenhausen in Germany, about 695 m above sea level...	The 398th BG bombed the Dollberg oil plant. Also known as Dollbergen, the village near Hanover had an oil refinery.http://www.exulanten.com/bombc.html
	Ploieşti	The No. 205 Group RAF bombed the Româno-Americană refinery. The 205 Group also bombed Ploieşti on August 17.
	Brod Slavonski Brod Slavonski Brod is a city in Croatia, with a population of 59,507 in 2011. The city was known as Marsonia in the Roman Empire, and as Brod na Savi 1244–1934. It is the sixth largest city in Croatia, after Zagreb, Split, Rijeka, Osijek and Zadar. Located in the region of Slavonia, it is the...	B-17s bomb an oil refinery at Brod, Yugoslavia.
	Almásfüzitő Almásfüzito Almásfüzitő is a village in Komárom-Esztergom county, Hungary. During the Oil Campaign of World War II, the Almásfüzitő oil refinery was bombed by the United States Army Air Forces....	B-24s bomb an oil refinery at Budapest, Hungary. The 461 BG bombed the Almásfüzitő Oil Refinery.
	Bec-d'Ambes	215 RAF aircraft dropped over 500 bombs and largely destroyed http://www.caltex.com/corp/en/History_Expansion.asp the Bec d'Ambes refinery 15 miles from Bordeaux. Bordeaux was also bombed on December 31, 1944 and the Focke-Wulf plant Schweinfurt-Regensburg mission The Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission was an air combat battle in World War II. A strategic bombing attack flown by B-17 Flying Fortresses of the U.S. Army Air Forces on August 17, 1943, it was conceived as an ambitious plan to cripple the German aircraft industry...  at Bordeaux was bombed on August 24, 1943.
	La Pallice La Pallice (harbour) La Pallice is the industrial harbour of the city of La Rochelle, France. It is a commercial harbour in deep water, named after the French philosopher La Pallice. The large submarine base built during World War II still stands there, although it is not being used...	The La Pallice refinery 30 miles from Bordeaux was destroyed.http://worldwar2database.com/gallery2/v/wwii0037.jpg.html?g2_fromNavId=x8184269f&g2_GALLERYSID=d5b70588680dcdfcaad310e5b40b1741
	Gennevilliers	Gennevilliers oil facility bombed
	Zeitz Zeitz Zeitz is a town in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the river Weiße Elster, in the middle of the triangle of the federal states Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saxony.-History:...	The BRABAG synthetic oil plant in Zeitz was bombed.
	Ploieşti	450+ B-17s and B-24s bombed 6 oil refineries.http://www.milhist.net/usaaf/ploesti.html The 464 BG bombed the Astra Română refinery, and the 461 BG bombed the Xenia oil refinery.
		Mission 552: attacked 1 oil plant
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 556 bombed Magdeburg/Rothensee. The 487 BG had bombed the Magdeburg Focke-Wulf Focke-Wulf Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau AG was a German manufacturer of civil and military aircraft before and during World War II. Many of the company's successful fighter aircraft designs were slight modifications of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190.-History:...  airplane factory on August 5, and the US Ninth Army captured Magdeburg on April 18, 1945.
	Leipzig/Rositz Rositz Rositz is a municipality in the district Altenburger Land, in Thuringia, Germany. An RAF raid bombed the oil refinery in Rositz on February 14/15, 1945 as part of Operation Thunderclap.... http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1941/1941%20-%200252.html	Mission 556: 105 aircraft bombed.
	Zeitz	Mission 556: 101 aircraft bombed.
	Friedrichshafen	The 485 BG bombed the "Ober[raderach] chemical works".
	Leipzig/Rositz	The Rositz oil refinery was bombed.
	Leipzig/Böhlen	The 92 BG attacked the Böhlen oil refinery in Leipzig.
	Leipzig/Rositz	The 487 BG bombed the Rositz oil refinery.
	Zeitz	The 487 BG bombed the Zeitz oil refinery.
	Ploieşti	3 oil refineries and targets of opportunity were bombed in the Ploieşti area: Româno-Americană (by the 461 BG on their last Ploieşti mission), "Astra Română Refinery" (450 BG)
	Ploieşti (Româno-Americană)	370 fighter-escorted B-17s and B-24s bombed 5 oil refineries around Ploieşti. The 464 and 485 BGs bombed the refinery.
	Oberhausen (Sterkrade)	234 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Ploieşti	65 B-17s with 125 P-51s escorts bombed 2 Ploieşti area oil refineries. Ploieşti was captured August 30 after a total of 350 bombers had been lost attacking the area. The Fifteenth Air Force had dropped 12,804 tons of explosives on Ploieşti targets, On October 17, a Fifteenth Air Force B-17 carried a photo crew to Ploieşti.
	Dubová Dubová, Pezinok District Dubová is a village and municipality in western Slovakia in Pezinok District in the Bratislava region.-External links:*...	The oil refinery at Dubová was bombed.
	Dwory	First of 3 raids on the IG Farben IG Farben I.G. Farbenindustrie AG was a German chemical industry conglomerate. Its name is taken from Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG . The company was formed in 1925 from a number of major companies that had been working together closely since World War I...  synthetic rubber Synthetic rubber Synthetic rubber is is any type of artificial elastomer, invariably a polymer. An elastomer is a material with the mechanical property that it can undergo much more elastic deformation under stress than most materials and still return to its previous size without permanent deformation...  and oil plant near the Auschwitz III (Monowitz) forced labor camp that supplied slave labor: "It was the practice to brief bomber groups to steer clear of prisoner-of-war and concentration camps" (radar navigator-bombardier Milt Groban). Ultra intercepts reported impressive bombing results for oil targets: "for the first time, wehwirtshaflich (war economy) raids, which might deal a really fatal blow to Germany, had begun" (Speer). The town of Oświęcim Oswiecim Oświęcim is a town in the Lesser Poland province of southern Poland, situated west of Kraków, near the confluence of the rivers Vistula and Soła.- History :... , the IG Farben Buna-Werke (under construction in November 1943), and the three concentration camp locations Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II (Birkenau), & Auschwitz III (Monowitz) were 5 separate facilities in the same region.
	Czechowice-Dziedzice Czechowice-Dziedzice Czechowice-Dziedzice is a town in Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 34,867 inhabitants . It lies on the northeastern edge of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia...	The 464 BG bombed the oil refinery at Czechowice. The Tschechowitz I & II subcamps of Auschwitz in Czechowice-Dziedzice provided forced labor for a SOCONY-Vacuum plant.
	Vienna	The 484 BG received its second DUC for bombing an underground oil storage installation at Vienna.http://libraryautomation.com/nymas/usaaf7.html
	Odertal	B-17s bombed the oil refinery at Odertal, Germany . POW camp E162 was at Odertal.http://www.pegasusarchive.org/pow/veteransR.htm
	Korneuburg	B-24s bombed the oil refinery at Korneuburg. The 485 BG bombed the " Oil Storage".
	Blechhammer	B-24s bombed the oil refinery at Blechhammer.
	Vienna (Lobau)	B-24s bombed the Lobau oil refinery. The 461 BG bombed the underground oil storage at the refinery.
	Vienna (Vösendorf Vösendorf Vösendorf is a town in the district of Mödling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.... )	The Vösendorf oil refinery was bombed in the southern industrial area of Vienna.
	Brüx	Mission 568: 139 B-17s hit Brüx.
	Pardubice region	The 485 BG bombed the Pardubice oil refinery.
	Dresden/Freital Freital Freital is the biggest town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the small river Weißeritz, 8 km southwest of Dresden.- Geography :...	Mission 568: 65 B-17s bombed Freital oil industry. This mission to Freital and Dresden was the 486 BG's longest mission. Dresden had a "Dresden Reick A.G." grinding wheel plant.
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Mission 568: 88 B-24s bombed the Misburg oil refinery.
	Leizig/Leuna	Mission 568: 185 B-17s bombed Leuna/Merseburg.
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	Mission 568: 135 B-17s hit Ruhland.
	Kolín Kolín Kolín is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic some east from Prague, lying on the Elbe river.-History:Kolín was founded by king Přemysl Otakar II in the 13th century, first mentioned in 1261. Later on, 1437, a castle was founded here...	3 oil refineries were bombed at Kolín.
	Pardubice region	The 464 BG earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for bombing the Fanto Werke refinery at Pardubice.
	Pölitz	Mission 570: 169 B-17s bombed.
	Dülmen Dülmen Dülmen is a municipality in the district of Coesfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.-Geography:Dülmen is situated in the south part of the Münsterland area, between the Lippe river to the south, the Baumberge hills to the north and the Ems river to the east...	Mission 576: 73 B-24s bombed the Dülmen fuel dump.
	Emmerich am Rhein	Mission 576: 36 B-24s bomb the Emmerich oil refinery.
		IX Bomber Command, with fighter escort, bombed French fuel dumps at Saint-Gobain Saint-Gobain Saint-Gobain S.A. is a French multinational corporation, founded in 1665 in Paris and headquartered on the outskirts of Paris at La Défense and in Courbevoie. Originally a mirror manufacturer, it now also produces a variety of construction and high-performance materials.The company has its head... , Fournival Fournival Fournival is a small village in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.... /Bois-de-Mont, Compiègne Compiègne Compiègne is a city in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.The city is located along the Oise River... /Clairoix Clairoix Clairoix is a village in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.... .
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	Mission 576: 85 B-17s bombed Gelsenkirchen/Nordstern.
	Ludwigshafen-Oppau	Mission 576: 41 B-24s bombed the "chemical works".
	Salzbergen	Mission 576: 71 B-24s bombed the " oil refinery" (60,000 tons/year) at Salzbergen.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	Mission 576: 89 B-17s bombed the Gelsenkirchen/Buer oil refinery.
	Homberg	The RAF re-started daylight bombing of Germany with an attack on the Homberg Fischer-Tropsch plant.
	Blechhammer South	The 464 and 485 BGs bombed the Blechhammer South synthetic oil plant (the 485th commander became a POW).http://www.485thbg.org/485th_Stories.htm
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	B-17s hit Moosbierbaum oil refinery and adjacent chemical works.
	Szöny	The 464 and 485 BGs bombed the oil refinery.
	Pardubice region	Czechoslovakian German occupation of Czechoslovakia German occupation of Czechoslovakia began with the Nazi annexation of Czechoslovakia's northern and western border regions, known collectively as the Sudetenland, under terms outlined by the Munich Agreement. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler's pretext for this effort was the alleged privations suffered by...  oil refineries bombed included the Moravská Moravská Trebová Moravská Třebová is a town in the Svitavy District and lies in the Pardubice Region, Czech Republic. It has around 11,300 inhabitants.Moravská Třebová is located on the Třebůvka River in the landscape of the "Schönhengstgau".... –Ostrava Ostrava Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic and the second largest urban agglomeration after Prague. Located close to the Polish border, it is also the administrative center of the Moravian-Silesian Region and of the Municipality with Extended Competence. Ostrava was candidate for the...  oil refineries A minor Moravská Ostrava crude oil refinery was at Prwoz.
		After a lull in V-1 flying bomb V-1 flying bomb The V-1 flying bomb, also known as the Buzz Bomb or Doodlebug, was an early pulse-jet-powered predecessor of the cruise missile....  attacks, the Allied Combined Strategic Targets Committee (CSTC) switched the top bombing priority from Operation Crossbow Operation Crossbow Crossbow was the code name of the World War II campaign of Anglo-American "operations against all phases of the German long-range weapons programme—operations against research and development of the weapons, their manufacture, transportation and their launching sites, and against missiles in flight"...  to oil targets. 39% of US bomb tonnage from Oct-Dec was on synthetic oil plants.http://books.google.com/books?id=_HkHU5RJJekC&pg=PA261
	Ludwigshafen	Mission 601: 325 of 345 B-17s bombed the Ludwigshafen/ synthetic oil plant.
	Ludwigshafen	Mission 605: 277 of 303 B-17s bombed the Ludwigshafen synthetic oil plant.
	Ministry of Armaments and War Production Organisation Todt The Todt Organisation, was a Third Reich civil and military engineering group in Germany named after its founder, Fritz Todt, an engineer and senior Nazi figure...	After Speer completed the Effects of the Air War on September 6, the President of the Rustungskommando VI (5) ordered only 3 days or less of production be stored, and emergency preparation for the transfer of POL plants was initiated (e.g., identification of vital parts for removal). "On principle, plants are only to be crippled temporarily by removing various elements to safety, particularly the electrical ones." (Speer telegram, September 13). August "chemical plant" production was 10% of former capacity. At the beginning of September, 1944, the Luftwaffe minimum fuel allotment was decreased from 160,000 monthly tons to 30,000 due to shortages.
	Ludwigshafen	Mission 611: 348 of 384 B-17s attacked the Ludwigshafen/Opau oil refinery.
	Kassel Bombing of Kassel in World War II The Kassel World War II bombings were a set of Allied strategic bombing attacks which took place from February 1942 to March 1945. The fire of the most severe air raid burned for seven days, at least 10,000 people died, 150,000 inhabitants were bombed-out, and the vast majority of the city center...	Mission 611: 166 B-17s bombed an oil depot at Kassel.
	Vienna	344 B-17s and B-24s bombed 5 ordnance depots and the SE industrial area in Vienna and 2 oil refineries in the area.
	Vienna (Schwechat)	The 32 BS bombed the Schwechat oil refinery.
	Castrop-Rauxel Castrop-Rauxel -Geography:Castrop-Rauxel is between Dortmund to the east, Bochum , Herne , and to the north, Recklinghausen, Datteln and Waltrop.- Urban Area :The urban area of Castrop-Rauxel has an total expanse of...	The synthetic oil plant was bombed.
	Chemnitz Chemnitz Chemnitz is the third-largest city of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. Chemnitz is an independent city which is not part of any county and seat of the government region Direktionsbezirk Chemnitz. Located in the northern foothills of the Ore Mountains, it is a part of the Saxon triangle...	Mission 623: An Operation Frantic Operation Frantic -Airfields:In February 1944, the USAAF received access to six air bases in Ukraine, but it turned out only three were set up for the effort. In haste, the United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe established a headquarters detachment at Poltava Airfield, near Kiev in the Soviet Union in late...  force of 75 B-17s bombed the Chemnitz oil refinery and, along with 64 P-51s, continued to the USSR. In 1945, Chemnitz was also bombed on February 14 and the 466th bombed Chemnitz on March 5.
	Dortmund Dortmund Dortmund is a city in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Its population of 585,045 makes it the 7th largest city in Germany and the 34th largest in the European Union....	The Dortmund synthetic oil plant was bombed.
	Fulda Fulda Fulda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the river Fulda and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district .- Early Middle Ages :...	Mission 623: At Fulda, 66 B-17s bombed the tire plant and 40 bombed the marshalling yard. Fulda also was the location of Gebauer & Moller ball bearing plant, and on September 12 (Mission 626), 46 B-17s bombed a Fulda target.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	The Scholven/Buer synthetic oil plant was bombed. The RAF bombed a Gelsenkirchen target on September 29/30, as did the 466th on September 12 & 13, November 6 (the 466th bombed a Münster target on September 12 and March 25, 1945).
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Mission 623: 87 B-24s bombed the oil refinery at Misburg and 88 bombed an engine factory at Hannover.
	Kamen Kamen Kamen is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the district Unna.-Geography:Kamen is situated at the east end of the Ruhr area, approx...	The synthetic oil plant at Kamen was bombed.
	Leipzig/Böhlen	Mission 623: 75 B-17s bombed the Böhlen oil refinery. Böhlen was also bombed on August 15 (Mission 556), and the 384 BG bombed "Böhlen/Leipzig" on March 19, 1945.
	Leipzig/Leuna	Mission 623: 111 B-17s bombed Merseburg.
	Leipzig/Lützendorf	Mission 623: 96 B-17s bombed Lützendorf.
	Magdeburg	Mission 623: At Magdeburg, 33 B-24s bombed the oil refinery and 27 bombed an ordinance depot.
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	Mission 623: 22 B-17s bombed the Ruhland oil refinery.
	Wanne-Eickel	Wanne-Eickel synthetic oil plant bombed. A Wanne-Eickel target was also attacked by the 466th on July 25 and by US Forces in November 1944.http://books.google.com/books?id=_HkHU5RJJekC&pg=PA166
	Brüx	Mission 623: 39 B-17s bombed Brüx.
	Dortmund	The Hoesch-Benzin GmbH synthetic oil plant at Dortmund was bombed.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	The synthetic oil plant was bombed.
	Wanne-Eickel	The synthetic oil plant was bombed.
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Mission 626 dispatched 888 bombers and 662 fighters to 6 oil targets, including 34 B-24s that bombed Misburg oil industry. Misburg bomb damage from the September 11 & 12 attacks was repaired by October 15.http://orbat.com/site/sturmvogel/ussbsnat.html
	Hemmingstedt	Mission 626: 66 B-24s bombed Hemmingstedt.
	Leipzig/Böhlen	Mission 626: 35 B-17s bombed a Böhlen oil industry target.
	Magdeburg/Friedrichstadt Friedrichstadt Friedrichstadt is a town in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the river Eider approx. 12 km south of Husum. It was founded in 1621 by Dutch settlers...	Mission 626: 73 B-17s bombed a Magdeburg/Friedrichstadt oil target.
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 626: 144 B-17s bombed Magdeburg/Rothensee
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	Mission 626: 59 B-17s bombed the Ruhland oil refinery.
	Brüx	Mission 626: 79 B-17s bombed the oil refinery at Brux.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	The synthetic oil plant was bombed.
	Leipzig/Leuna	Mission 628: 141 B-17s bombed Merseburg.
	Leipzig/Lützendorf	Mission 628: 77 B-17s bombed Lützendorf.
	Blechhammer North	B-17s bombed Blechhammer North.
	Leipzig/Merseburg (Altenburg)	The 92 BG bombed the Altenburg oil refineries at "Merseburg".
	Ludwigshafen	Mission 628: 74 B-17s bombed the oil refinery.
	Odertal	B-24s bombed the oil refinery at Odertal. An Odertal target was also bombed in bad weather on October 16.
	Stuttgart Stuttgart Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million .... /Sindelfingen Sindelfingen Sindelfingen is a German town near Stuttgart at the headwaters of the Schwippe that is the site of a Mercedes-Benz assembly plant.-History:* 1155 First documented mention of Sindelfingen...	Mission 628: 109 B-17s bombed the oil refinery at Stuttgart/Sindelfingen. Sindelfingen also had a Daimler Benz truck plant, and an aircraft engine factory at Sindelfingen was bombed on September 10, 1944.
	Dwory	The 464 BG bombed the Auschwitz synthetic oil and rubber plant.
	Hemmingstedt	Mission 629: 6 of 11 B-24s are dispatched on an Azon Azon AZON was one of the world's first smart bombs, deployed by the Allies and contemporary with the German Fritz X.Officially designated VB-1 , it was invented by Major Henry J. Rand and Thomas J...  mission to the oil refinery at Hemmingstedt; 5 hit the secondary target, ammunition dumps at Kropp Kropp Kropp is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approx. 13 km south of Schleswig.Kropp is the seat of the Amt Kropp-Stapelholm.... . Both Operation Aphrodite Operation Aphrodite Aphrodite and Anvil were the World War II code names of United States Army Air Forces and United States Navy operations to use B-17 and PB4Y bombers as precision-guided munitions against bunkers such as those of Operation Crossbow....  drones (B-17 30363, "Ruth L III", & B-17 39827) targeting the Hemmingstedt oil refinery missed due to weather. On this date 5000 planes flew over Germany.
		"…the enemy always… after the resumption of work, …destroy[s] these [synthetic oil] installations again by air attack" (Speer). On July 20, Speer met with Ambassador Clodius of the Foreign Office regarding the "safeguarding of Rumanian oil." September "chemical plant" production was 5.5% of former capacity.
	Budapest	440+ B-17s and B-24s, with fighter escort, attacked 2 oil refineries and 4 marshalling yards in the Budapest area. The 464 BG bombed the Shell oil refinery at Budapest and the 485 BG bombed the "Magyar Oil Refinery".
	Bratislava History of Bratislava This page gives an overview of the history of Bratislava – the capital of Slovakia and the country's largest city.-Prehistory:In the area where present-day Bratislava lies, three skeletons of the Pliopithecus vindobonensis were found in the borough Devínska Nová Ves in 1957, dating 25–15...	In Czechoslovakia, the Bratislava "oil district" was bombed. Bratislava was the site of the Apollo refinery. The Bratislava "industrial area" was bombed on May 16, 1944, the "marshalling yards" were bombed on October 14, 1944, and "the town" of Bratislava was bombed on February 7, 1945.
	Ludwigshafen	Mission 644: 147 of 154 dispatched B-17s bombed the synthetic oil plant at Ludwigshafen/.
	Brüx	147 B-17s, escorted by 290 P-38s and P-51s, bombed the Brüx synthetic oil refinery and the marshalling yard at Wels. Wels also had an aircraft facilities.
	Ludwigshafen	Mission 647: B-17s bombed the Ludwigshafen/ "synthetic oil plant".
	Frankfurt am Main	The chemical factory at Hochst, just west of Frankfurt, was bombed. The "cavernous I.G. Farben complex at Frankfurt became Eisenhower's permanent headquarters on June 1, 1945.
	Bottrop Bottrop Bottrop is a city in west central Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia. Located in the Ruhr industrial area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Oberhausen, Gladbeck and Dorsten. The city had been a coal-mining and rail center and contains factories producing coal-tar derivatives,... -Welheim	The Ruhröl AG synthetic oil plant in the Welheim suburb of Bottrop was bombed. The 466th also bombed Bottrop on July 20, 1944 and March 16, 1945.
	Ludwigshafen	Mission 650: 214 B-17s bombed the Ludwigshafen/ oil refinery. A Ludwigshafen target was also bombed on October 13 (Mission 662).
	Oberhausen (Sterkrade)
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 652: 23 B-17s bombed the Magdeburg/Rothensee oil refinery.
	Leipzig/Leuna	Mission 652: 301 of 342 dispatched B-17s bombed the "Merseburg/Leuna oil refinery".
	Bottrop	1 of 136 bombers attempted to hit the cloud-covered oil plant.
	Oberhausen (Sterkrade)	24 of 139 bombers attempted to hit the cloud-covered oil plant
	Oberhausen (Sterkrade)	5 Mosquitos to Hamburg bombed Sterkrade.
	Wesseling	Mission 662: 87 B-17s were dispatched to bomb the Wesseling oil refinery.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	The synthetic oil plant was bombed.
	Oberhausen (Sterkrade)	The 466th bombed Sterkrade.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Mission 667: 121 of 406 dispatched B-24s bomb the Harburg/Rhenania oil refinery. Harburg also had a Phoenix tire plant.
	Blechhammer South	The Tuskegee Airman provided escort.http://books.google.com/books?id=VyuedRwZre8C&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154
	Kassel/Altenbauna	Mission 669: 88 B-24s bombed the oil refinery at Kassel/Altenbauna and 122 bombed the armored vehicle plant at Kassel/Henschel. Kassel also had two Fieseler plants: Bettenhausen & Waldau.
	Leipzig/Böhlen	Mission 669: 86 B-17s bombed the oil plant.
	Leipzig/Leuna	Mission 669: 129 B-17s bombed the oil plant.
	Leipzig/Lützendorf	Mission 669: 88 B-17s bombed the oil plant.
	Magdeburg/Buckau Maschinenfabrik Christian Hagans Maschinenfabrik Christian Hagans was a German locomotive manufacturer founded on 1 July 1857 in Erfurt, Germany, by Christian Hagans....	Mission 669: 62 B-24s bombed the Magdeburg/Buckau oil refinery.
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 669: 25 B-24s bombed the Magdeburg/Rothensee oil refinery.
	Pölitz	Mission 669: 142 B-17s bombed the "oil refinery".http://www.daveswarbirds.com/b-17/tail2.htm
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	Mission 669: 59 B-17s bombed the "oil refinery".
	Vienna (Lobau)	The 741st Bombardment Squadron 741st Missile Squadron The United States Air Force's 741st Missile Squadron is an intercontinental ballistic missile unit located at Minot AFB, North Dakota.-Mission:...  flew over Vienna to hit an oil refinery, and the Lobau oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Schwechat)	The Schwechat oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Winterhafen)	The 450 BG bombed the "Winter Hafen [sic] Oil Depot" in Vienna.
	Blechhammer	Blechhammer bombed.
	Leverhausen	At Leverhausen in the Ruhr, the "largest chemical factory in Europe" was bombed.http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/85/a2716085.shtml
	Wesseling	Mission 672: 57 B-17s dispatched to bomb the Wesseling synthetic oil plant. The 384 BG bombed the Wesseling/Koblenz Koblenz Koblenz is a German city situated on both banks of the Rhine at its confluence with the Moselle, where the Deutsches Eck and its monument are situated.As Koblenz was one of the military posts established by Drusus about 8 BC, the...  oil facility.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)	The Floridsdorf oil refinery was bombed.
	Wanne-Eickel	The synthetic oil plant was bombed.
	Blechhammer South	Blechhammer South was bombed on the 12th and by the 301 BG on the 13th.http://www.gearthhacks.com/dlfile26368/301st-BG-(H),-Mission-355,-Blechhammer-Synthetic-Oil-Plant-South.htm
	Blechhammer North	Blechhammer North was bombed in bad weather.
	Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Düsseldorf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and centre of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region.Düsseldorf is an important international business and financial centre and renowned for its fashion and trade fairs. Located centrally within the European Megalopolis, the... -Reisholz	Mission 677: 61 B-24s bombed the and Düsseldorf-Reisholz oil facility. The Düsseldorf refinery produced 25,000 tons/year and had a Deutsche Carborundum grinding wheel plant.
	Monheim am Rhein Monheim am Rhein Monheim am Rhein is a town on the right bank of the river Rhine in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Monheim belongs to the district of Mettmann - with the southern suburbs of Düsseldorf to the north, and the Bergisches Land to the south...	Mission 677: 64 B-24s bombed a Monheim/Rhenania oil facility.
	Linz Linz Linz is the third-largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria . It is located in the north centre of Austria, approximately south of the Czech border, on both sides of the river Danube. The population of the city is , and that of the Greater Linz conurbation is about...	The benzol plant and ordnance depot at Linz was bombed. Linz also had a "steelworks".
	Brüx	Brüx and an armament works Škoda Works Škoda Works was the largest industrial enterprise in Austro-Hungary and later in Czechoslovakia, one of its successor states. It was also one of the largest industrial conglomerates in Europe in the 20th century...  in Pilsen were bombed.
	Leverkusen Leverkusen Leverkusen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany on the eastern bank of the Rhine. To the South, Leverkusen borders the city of Cologne and to the North is the state capital Düsseldorf....	Mission 681: Weather prevented 430 B-24s from attacking a synthetic rubber Synthetic rubber Synthetic rubber is is any type of artificial elastomer, invariably a polymer. An elastomer is a material with the mechanical property that it can undergo much more elastic deformation under stress than most materials and still return to its previous size without permanent deformation...  plant at Leverkusen. Leverkusen was the location of a Bayer Bayer Bayer AG is a chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in Barmen , Germany in 1863. It is headquartered in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and well known for its original brand of aspirin.-History:...  (Standard Oil Standard Oil Standard Oil was a predominant American integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refiner in the world and operated as a major company trust and was one of the world's first and largest multinational... /IG Farben IG Farben I.G. Farbenindustrie AG was a German chemical industry conglomerate. Its name is taken from Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG . The company was formed in 1925 from a number of major companies that had been working together closely since World War I... ) plant.http://books.google.com/books?id=pqkqpAr6_s4C&pg=PA213 In 1943, targets at Leverkusen were attacked on August 22/23 (a complete failure)http://books.google.com/books?id=rVVeO4B985wC&pg=PA51 and by the RAF on November 19/20, and December 10/11 Battle of Berlin (air) The Battle of Berlin was a British bombing campaign on Berlin from November 1943 – March 1944. The campaign was not limited solely to Berlin. Other German cities were attacked to prevent concentration of defences in Berlin, and Bomber Command had other responsibilities and operations to conduct... . Up to 1941, there were 5 Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...  Buna plants that produced Buna N by the Lebedev Lebedev Lebedev , or Lebedeva is a common Russian family name derived from the word lebed — swan. The following notable people have this name:-Real people:*Alexander Lebedev , Russian businessman and politician...  process.
	Blechhammer South
		The industrial area of Vienna was bombed.
	CSTC	Allied policy was changed to bomb oil targets even if reconnaissance was not available. After Eisenhower notified Marshall on October 23 that the bombing of oil targets was being successful, oil targets were retained in the highest priority, and the German rail system was made the second priority.
	Ludwigshafen	An oil refinery at "Ludwigshafen & Mannheim" was bombed.
	Brüx	After having been out of operation for 4 months, the Brüx oil refinery was bombed.
	Regensburg	Oil storage at Regensburg was bombed.
	Regensburg	Regensburg oil storage depot bombed.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Mission 688: 455 B-17s dispatched to hit the Harburg (221) and Rhenania oil refineries (214) at Hamburg. 297 B-17s dispatched to hit the primary hit secondaries, Harburg (179) and Rhenania oil refineries (106) at Hamburg.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	Mission 688: 27 B-24s bombed Gelsenkirchen/Nordstern.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	Mission 688: 91 B-24s bombed Gelsenkirchen/Buer; 34 hit the secondary at Münster Münster Münster is an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also capital of the local government region Münsterland...  and 1 hits Gronau Gronau, North Rhine-Westphalia Gronau is a city in the district of Borken, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the border with the Netherlands, approx. 10 km east of Enschede.- Notable persons :... .
	Hamburg-Harburg	The 92 BG bombed the two oil storage complexes in Hamburg.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Mission 693: 357 B-24s are dispatched to hit the Harburg oil refinery (72) and Rhenania oil refinery (67) at Hamburg; targets of opportunity are Hamburg (28), Cuxhaven (25), Wesermunde (21), Uetersen (9), Bremen (1).
	Gelsenkirchen/Hamm	The 384 BG bombed the Gelsenkirchen/Hamm synthetic oil plant and marshalling yards.
	Bottrop-Welheim	101 bombers attacked the Ruhröl AG synthetic oil plant.
		Chemical plant production in October was 10% of former capacity and 28% (1633 tons/day) in November.
		After the British Air Staff requested on June 3 that RAF Bomber Command RAF Bomber Command RAF Bomber Command controlled the RAF's bomber forces from 1936 to 1968. During World War II the command destroyed a significant proportion of Nazi Germany's industries and many German cities, and in the 1960s stood at the peak of its postwar military power with the V bombers and a supplemental...  attack Ruhr oil plants, and Portal unsuccessfully attempted on July 5, 1944, to "move Harris away from area bombing Area bombing directive The Area Bombing Directive was a directive from the wartime British Government's Air Ministry to the Royal Air Force which ordered RAF bombers to attack the German industrial workforce and the morale of the German populace through bombing German cities and their civilian inhabitants.- Background...  to join the attacks on oil", the Air Staff ordered Harris to bomb oil targets.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	The 384 BG bombed the "Gelsenkirchen/ synthetic oil plant.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	143 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Castrop-Rauxel	131 bombers attacked the Union Victor synthetic oil plant.
	Leipzig/Leuna	After 459 B-17s dispatched to bomb Leuna were recalled on October 30 due to weather, 700 US bombers escorted by 750 fighters attacked the Leuna synthetic oil plant. A record 700 Luftwaffe fighters countered and the new Me 262 shot down three bombers without loss. Leuna production was interrupted (but returned to 28% of capacity by November 20), and 6 more heavy attacks on Leuna through December were "largely ineffective because of adverse weather"
	Oberhausen (Sterkrade)	The 384 BG bombed the Sterkrade (Holten) synthetic oil plant.
	Vienna/Moosbierbaum	2 of 3 PFF B-24s of the 450 BG bombed. The 450 BG also bombed Moosbierbaum on November 6; December 8 & 11; January 31; February 1, 7, & 9; and March 1 & 15.
	Bottrop-Welheim	The 384 BG bombed the Bottrop (Welheim) synthetic oil plant.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	133 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	The 447 BG bombed the Hamburg/Rhenania oil refinery and the 92 BG bombed the Harburg oil complex. The production capacity of the Phoenix tire plant at Harburg was 50,000 tires/month.
	Ludwigshafen	The 447 BG bombed the Ludwigshafen oil refinery. Ludwigshafen was also bombed as a diversion during the Battle of Berlin on November 18/19, 1943 Battle of Berlin (air) The Battle of Berlin was a British bombing campaign on Berlin from November 1943 – March 1944. The campaign was not limited solely to Berlin. Other German cities were attacked to prevent concentration of defences in Berlin, and Bomber Command had other responsibilities and operations to conduct... .
	Neuenkirchen Neuenkirchen, Schleswig-Holstein Neuenkirchen is a municipality in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany....	The 487 BG bombed the Neuenkirchen coking plant and the 452 BG bombed the "Benzalube Stoking Plant" at Neunkirchen on an Micro H H2X radar H2X radar was an American development of the British H2S radar, the first ground mapping radar to be used in combat. It was used by the USAAF during World War II as a navigation system for daylight overcast and nighttime operations...  experimental mission.
	Regensburg	The 32 BS bombed Regensburg oil storage.
	Linz	The 485 BG bombed the benzol oil refinery.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)	The 32 BS bombed.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)	The 450 BG & 485 BG bombed the oil refinery. The 450 BG also bombed the "Florisdorf Oil Refinery" on October 11, November 17, December 2 (as an alternate on a Straszhof Strasshof an der Nordbahn Strasshof an der Nordbahn is a suburban town 25 km east of Vienna, Austria. The main attraction is the railroad museum . An historical locomotive built by LOFAG is displayed in the town.-History:...  Austria mission), & December 18 (the marshalling yard on March 12).
	Ludwigshafen-Oppau	The 487 BG bombed the Ludwigshafen chemical works. A Ludwigshafen target was also bombed by the 466th on January 1, 1945.
	Duisburg Duisburg - History :A legend recorded by Johannes Aventinus holds that Duisburg, was built by the eponymous Tuisto, mythical progenitor of Germans, ca. 2395 BC...	65 bombers attacked the Bruckhausen coking plant.
	Oberhausen (Sterkrade)	134 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	738 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	The 32 BS bombed the Moosbierbaum oil refinery.
	Bottrop-Welheim	The 384 BG bombed the Bottrop (Welheim) synthetic oil plant.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	The 92 BG bombed the Harburg oil complex.
	Leipzig/Leuna	The 384 BG bombed the Merseburg rubber facility and the 92 BG bombed the Leuna oil complex.
	Wanne-Eickel	277 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Wiesbaden Wiesbaden Wiesbaden is a city in southwest Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse. It has about 275,400 inhabitants, plus approximately 10,000 United States citizens...	The 452 BG bombed the oil plant: "Although other Aircraft, friendly, may be under you Combat box The Combat box was a tactical formation used by heavy bombers of the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. The combat box was also referred to as a "staggered formation"... , drop your bombs" (Wing Commander). 9 B-17s also bombed a Wiesbaden target on November 13 (Mission 628).
		A Speer memorandum identified that the oil and margarine plants in the Ruhr were on the verge of shutdown. The Vienna area had no fuel after November 15 (US intelligence report, February 1945).
	Castrop-Rauxel	122 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	100 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Bottrop-Welheim	124 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Vienna/Kajren	The 450 BG bombed the "Kajren Oil Refinery".
	Dortmund	The Hoesch-Benzin synthetic oil plant was bombed.
	Blechhammer South	The 32 BS bombed the South plant. Only 1 of 3 Pathfinders B-24s of the 450 BG was able to bomb "Blochhammer Synthetic, Oppeln [province Opole Voivodeship - Administrative division :Opole Voivodeship is divided into 12 counties : 1 city county and 11 land counties. These are further divided into 71 gminas.The counties are listed in the following table .- Economy :... ], Germany", (25 miles from Opole Opole Opole is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River . It has a population of 125,992 and is the capital of the Upper Silesia, Opole Voivodeship and, also the seat of Opole County... ). Oppeln also had labor camps E17 (a cement factory), E419 and at Schalkendorf; Oderthal had labor camp E162; and Heydebreck had E711A.http://www.wartimememories.co.uk/pow/stalag8b.html
	Linz	The 32 BS bombed the Linz benzol plant.
	Blechhammer South	The 485 BG bombed the synthetic oil refinery.
		The 32 BS bombed a Vienna oil refinery.
	Wanne-Eickel	309bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Vienna/Schwechat	18 B-24s of the 450 BG bombed and hit both the refinery and the "Winterhafen Storage Facility" and 5 bombed the alternate target, the "Győr Marshalling Yard".
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	61 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Bomb damage from the attack was repaired by December 23.http://orbat.com/site/sturmvogel/ussbsnat.html
	Koblenz Koblenz Koblenz is a German city situated on both banks of the Rhine at its confluence with the Moselle, where the Deutsches Eck and its monument are situated.As Koblenz was one of the military posts established by Drusus about 8 BC, the...	The 447 BG bombed the oil refinery at Koblenz.
	Leipzig/Leuna	The 486 BG bombed Merseburg.
	Castrop-Rauxel	273 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Oberhausen (Sterkrade)	270 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	168 RAF bombers and 134 USAAF bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Leipzig/Leuna	The 447 BG bombed the synthetic oil plant at Merseburg.
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	The 491 BG earned a DUC for bombing an oil refinery at Misburg.http://libraryautomation.com/nymas/usaaf7.html
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	The 384 BG bombed the Misburg oil refinery.
	Leipzig/Leuna	The 487 BG bombed.
	Leipzig/Lützendorf	The 452 BG bombed the " Germany (Merseburg)" synthetic oil plant: "Merseburg is infested with enemy fighters" (B-17 "IDA WANN" crewmember of the 452 BG).
	Zeitz	The 384 BG bombed the Zeitz oil facility.
	Blechhammer North & South
	Dortmund	83 bombers attacked the Zeche Hansa coking plant.
	Odertal
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)
	Leipzig/Leuna	Mission 741: 446 B-17s bombed.
	Oberhausen (Osterfeld Osterfeld Osterfeld is a town in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated southeast of Naumburg. It is part of the Verbandsgemeinde Wethautal.... )	The Osterfeld coking plant was bombed.
	Blechhammer South	The 32 BS bombed the South plant.
	Darmstadt Darmstadt Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine Main Area.The sandy soils in the Darmstadt area, ill-suited for agriculture in times before industrial fertilisation, prevented any larger settlement from developing, until the city became the seat...	The 452 BG bombed the locomotive repair yard and due to propwash, one squadron hit the "world's largest Chemical plant. (By accident)". A Darmstadt target was bombed on September 13 (Mission 628) along with other oil targets. In September 1944, Darmstadt was the center of the chemical industry and the optical industry, and the city had an academy for training V-2 technicians.
	Leipzig/Leuna	The 384 BG bombed the Leuna oil refinery.
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)
	Regensburg oil refinery	A Regensburg oil refinery was bombed. Regensburg had four small oil refineries for a total production of 80,000 tons/year.
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	The oil refinery was bombed.
	Blechhammer South	6 PFF B-24s of the 450 BG bombed the primary and alternate targets, as well as a target of opportunity.
	Leipzig/Leuna	Mission 748: 337 B-17s bombed the synthetic oil plant.
	Pardubice region	The 485 BG bombed the oil refinery.
	[Expand]	German oil storage was bombed at Heimbach, Wollseifen, Harperscheid, Schonau, Ruthen, and Dorsel.
	Linz	The benzol plant was bombed. The 450 BG had been unable to bomb Linz on December 3 and instead bombed the Villach Marshalling Yard (also bombed the "North Main Marshalling Yard" in Linz on January 8, February 25, & March 31; "South Main" on January 8).
	Brüx	The lead 741st BS 741st Missile Squadron The United States Air Force's 741st Missile Squadron is an intercontinental ballistic missile unit located at Minot AFB, North Dakota.-Mission:...  pilot bypassed the Brüx refinery target: "I'm not sure to this day that he wasn't right in avoiding that almost suicidal bomb run." (741st pilot George McGovern George McGovern George Stanley McGovern is an historian, author, and former U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, and the Democratic Party nominee in the 1972 presidential election.... )
		Unternehmen Bodenplatte for "capturing Allied fuel stocks" began with insufficient fuel.
	Blechhammer North & South
	Odertal oil refinery	B-24 42-51430 ("Tulsaamerican") ditched off the Vis Island Vis (island) Vis is the most outerly lying larger Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, and is part of the Central Dalmatian group of islands, with an area of 90.26 km² and a population of 3,617 . Of all the inhabited Croatian islands, it is the farthest from the coast...  coast.
	Pardubice region	The Moravská Moravská Trebová Moravská Třebová is a town in the Svitavy District and lies in the Pardubice Region, Czech Republic. It has around 11,300 inhabitants.Moravská Třebová is located on the Třebůvka River in the landscape of the "Schönhengstgau".... -Ostrava oil refinery was bombed.
	Blechhammer North & South
	Odertal	The Odertal oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)
	Pardubice region	The Moravská-Ostrava oil refinery was bombed.
	Dwory	US bombers attacked the "Monowitz synthetic plant".
	Blechhammer North & South
	Pardubice region	The Moravská-Ostrava oil refinery was bombed.
	Regensburg oil refinery	The Regensburg oil refinery was bombed.
	Brüx	The 485 BG bombed the synthetic oil refinery.
	Pölitz	209 aircraft bombed the Pölitz synthetic-oil refinery. Parts of the plant were damaged and the power-station chimneys collapsed.
		"The most notable [advances] are the new [Type XXI] submarines German Type XXI submarine Type XXI U-boats, also known as "Elektroboote", were the first submarines designed to operate primarily submerged, rather than as surface ships that could submerge as a means to escape detection or launch an attack.-Description:...  and [synthetic] fuels, rockets, and jet propulsion generally.…It is…production rather than invention, particularly of synthetic fuels, that is going to be Germany's main difficulty." (R. V. Jones R. v. Jones R. v. Jones, [1986] 2 S.C.R. 284 is an early leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the freedom of religion under section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the right to security of person under section 7.-Background:...  report to Winston Churchill Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, was a predominantly Conservative British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice... )
	Brüx	253 B-17s and B-24s bombed the Brüx synthetic oil plant and main marshalling yards at Wels Wels Wels is the second largest city of the state of Upper Austria, located in the north of Austria, on the Traun River near Linz. It is not part of its surrounding Wels County , but a so-called Statutarstadt . However, Wels is the county seat of Wels-Land.- Geography :Wels is located in the... .
	Blechhammer South
	Odertal	The Odertal oil refinery was bombed.
	Dwory	The Auschwitz oil was bombed.
	Vienna (Vösendorf)	The Vosendorf oil refinery was bombed.
	Regensburg	The Regensburg oil storage and freight yard was bombed.
	Kolín	The oil refinery was bombed.
	Kralupy Kralupy nad Vltavou Kralupy nad Vltavou is a city in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 18,000 inhabitants. The city lies on the Vltava River some north of Prague, the capital of both the Czech Republic and the Central Bohemian Region...	The oil refinery was bombed.
	Pardubice region	The Pardubice oil refinery was bombed.
	Roudnice Roudnice Roudnice is a village in Hradec Králové Region in Eastern Bohemia, the Czech Republic. It is a birthplace of František Xaver Matějka , father of famous Polish painter Jan Matejko. In addition, the Olympic water polo player Kurt Epstein grew up in Roudnice....	The Roudnice nad Labem oil storage and sidings were bombed.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	346 bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Mission 772: In Hamburg, 96 B-17s bombed the refinery, 71 bombed the Grassbruk refinery, 68 bombed other oil industry targets, and 72 bombed other industrial area targets.
1945	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Mission 772: 96 B-17s bombed the Hamburg oil refinery ( bomb damage was repaired by February 14).http://orbat.com/site/sturmvogel/ussbsnat.html
	Hanover/Dollbergen	B-17s bombed the Dollbergen oil facility as a target of opportunity.
	Dortmund Dortmund Dortmund is a city in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Its population of 585,045 makes it the 7th largest city in Germany and the 34th largest in the European Union....  coking plant	The 466th bombed the "Dortmund Hoesch Coking Plant".
	Dortmund (Minster Stein)	http://www.questiaschool.com/read/90208816?title=1945
	Ehmen Ehmen Ehmen is a village in Lower Saxony located outside of Wolfsburg, Germany with a population of approximately 4,285....	The 487 BG bombed the Ehmen storage depot.
	Kassel	The 384 BG bombed Derben (primary) and Kassel (secondary) targets: a vehicle workshop and an oil storage depot.
		"…the chimera of one air operation that will end the war…does not exist. …much of the Russian advance is due to the immobility conferred on the German ground forces by our attacks on oil." (Spaatz letter to Barney Giles Giles (surname) The surname Giles comes from the given name Giles, for which multiple origins have been suggested.People with the surname Giles include:-Real people:* Annabel Giles , Welsh model, panellist and novellist... )
http://www.questiaschool.com/read/90208816?title=1945	Castrop-Rauxel
http://www.questiaschool.com/read/90208816?title=1945	Dortmund (Hansa)	The Hansa coking plant Coker unit A coker or coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the residual oil from the vacuum distillation column or the atmospheric distillation column into low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy gas oils, and petroleum coke...  was bombed in Dortmund, which refined oils into higher grade fuels. A Gelsenkirchener Bergwerke oil plant was in Dortmund.
		Mission 785: A Pathfinder force bombed an oil storage depot in W Germany.
	Pölitz	Bombing "put the works out of action for the remainder of the war".
		Hungarian petroleum deposits and the nearby refineries "are indispensable" after bombing of the German coal hydrogenation plants (Hitler).
	Pölitz	http://www.questiaschool.com/read/90208816?title=1945
	Kassel/Derben	Mission 792: 186 B-17s bombed an oil target at Derben.
	Ehmen	Mission 792: 89 B-24s bombed an oil target at Ehmen.
	Hallendorf Salzgitter Salzgitter is an independent city in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig. Together with Wolfsburg and Braunschweig, Salzgitter is one of the seven Oberzentren of Lower Saxony...	Mission 792: 145 B-24s bombed an oil target at Hallendorf.
	Hemmingstedt	Mission 792: 91 B-24s bombed an oil target at Hemmingstedt.
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 792: 90 B-17s bombed oil targets at Magdeburg.
	Dülmen	http://www.questiaschool.com/read/90208816?title=1945
	Leipzig/Leuna	http://www.questiaschool.com/read/90208816?title=1945
	Bochum	The Robert Muser coking plant was bombed.
	Recklinghausen Recklinghausen Recklinghausen is the northernmost city in the Ruhr-Area and the capital of the Recklinghausen district. It borders the rural Münsterland and is characterized by large fields and farms in the north and industry in the south...	Oil production at the Recklinghausen/Forstezung http://www.questiaschool.com/read/90208816?title=1945 coking plant was bombed.
	Dessau Dessau Dessau is a town in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt. Since 1 July 2007, it is part of the merged town Dessau-Roßlau. Population of Dessau proper: 77,973 .-Geography:...	At Dessau, the 447 BG bombed the "oil plant" and the 487 BG bombed the "marshalling yards".
	Hamburg-Harburg	The USAAF bombed oil production at Harburg.http://www.questiaschool.com/read/90208816?title=1945
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 796: 61 B-17s hit the Rothensee synthetic oil plant at Magdeburg. Magdeburg targets were bombed by the RAF on January 14/15 and, in the first major raid on Magdeburg, on January 21/22 Battle of Berlin (air) The Battle of Berlin was a British bombing campaign on Berlin from November 1943 – March 1944. The campaign was not limited solely to Berlin. Other German cities were attacked to prevent concentration of defences in Berlin, and Bomber Command had other responsibilities and operations to conduct... . Magdeburg may also have been bombed on February 22.http://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/misslist-31238.htm
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	Mission 796: 67 B-17s bombed the Ruhland oil plant.
	Brüx	The 106th bombed Brüx.
	Brüx	http://www.questiaschool.com/read/90208816?title=1945 This attack and an earlier U.S. PFF attack on December 25 immobilized "the giant synthetic plant at BRUX". By February 6, Brüx had experienced the worst damage since bombing started and production was not expected to resume for 2 months (with no prospect for resuming crude refining).
	Wanne-Eickel	The coking plant was bombed.
	Zeitz	http://www.questiaschool.com/read/90208816?title=1945
	Hamburg-Harburg	Mission 798: 158 B-17s are dispatched to hit the Rhenania (40) and Albrecht (34) oil refineries at Hamburg and the U-boat base at Hamburg (73). 78 of 84 B-24s hit the Rhenania oil refinery at Harburg.
	Regensburg	Oil storage at Regensburg bombed.
	Regensburg	The 32 BS bombed Regensburg oil storage.
	Oberhausen (Sterkrade)	Mission 801: 36 of 309 B-17s bombed the Holten oil plant at Sterkrade.
	Aschaffenburg Aschaffenburg Aschaffenburg is a city in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg is not considered part of the district of Aschaffenburg, but is the administrative seat.Aschaffenburg is known as the Tor zum Spessart or "gate to the Spessart"...	Mission 803: 66 B-17s bombed the oil plant at Aschaffenburg.
	Vienna (Lobau)	B-17s bombed the Lobau oil refinery.
	Vienna (Schwechat)	B-17s bombed the Schwechat oil refinery.
	Fiume	43 P-38s bombed an oil refinery at Fiume, Italy.
	Gelsenkirchen	The 466th bombed Gelsenkirchen.
	Oberhausen (Sterkrade)	Mission 805: 167 B-17s were dispatched for visual attacks on the Holten synthetic oil plant at Sterkrade.
	Duisburg Duisburg - History :A legend recorded by Johannes Aventinus holds that Duisburg, was built by the eponymous Tuisto, mythical progenitor of Germans, ca. 2395 BC...	A heavy attack on the Bruckhausen benzol plant at Duisburg-Hamborn inflicted severe damage.
	Gelsenchirchen (Consolidation)	The "CONSOLIDATED L/VT plant" at Gelsenkirchen was rendered inactive by an area attack.
	Dortmund	Mission 809: 58 B-24s bombed an oil target at Gneisenau.
	Dortmund	Mission 809: 115 B-24s bombed the Kaiserstuhl Kaiserstuhl The „Kaiserstuhl“ is a relatively low mountain range – a Mittelgebirge – with a maximal height of 556.6 m above sea level. It is of volcanic origin and located in the South West of Baden-Württemberg, Germany in the districts of Emmendingen and Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald...  and Gneisenau coking plants at Dortmund.
	Kassel	Mission 811: 93 B-17s bombed the Henschel oil plant at Kassel using H2X radar H2X radar H2X radar was an American development of the British H2S radar, the first ground mapping radar to be used in combat. It was used by the USAAF during World War II as a navigation system for daylight overcast and nighttime operations... .
	Dortmund benzol plant	The "HANSA Benzol Plant" was bombed.
	Duisburg	The "BRUCKHAUSEN Benzol Plant" was bombed.
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	In a blind attack, 670+ B-24s and B-17s bombed the Moosbierbaum oil refinery.
	Salzbergen	The "straight crude oil refinery with a small cracking plant" was bombed.
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	A visual attack by 300+ B-17s and B-24s bombed the oil refinery.
	Wanne-Eickel	323 aircraft attacked the Wanne-Eickel oil refinery(Krupp Treibstoffwerke). Most bombs hit open ground around the Shamrock 3/4 coal mine.
	Bottrop	The "PROSPER Benzol Plant" was bombed.
	Dortmund	The Hansa coking plant was bombed. A later RAF Dortmund raid on March 12 was the heaviest World War II raid on a city in Europe (1108 aircraft).
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 817: 116 B-24s bombed the Rothensee oil plant (246 bombed the marshalling yard).
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	The 466th bombed the "NORDSTERN Benzol Plant".
	Oberhausen (Osterfeld Osterfeld Osterfeld is a town in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated southeast of Naumburg. It is part of the Verbandsgemeinde Wethautal.... )	The Oberhausen Oberhausen Oberhausen is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg and Essen . The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and its Gasometer Oberhausen is an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage. It is also well known for the...  "OSTERFELD Benzol Plant" was bombed.
	Regensburg	730+ B-17s and B-24s bombed oil storage at Regensburg.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	96 Halifaxes, 12 Lancasters, and 12 Mosquitos attacked the Nordstern synthetic-oil plant. Most of the bombs fell south of the target.
	Leipzig/Böhlen	The 447 BG bombed the Böhlen "oil refinery".
	Wanne-Eickel	74 Lancasters bombed in the wintry conditions which had scattered the force.
	Kagran	The oil refinery was bombed.
	Korneuburg	The oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)	The oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Lobau)	The 32 BS bombed the Lobau oil refinery.
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	The oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Schwechat)	The Schwechat oil refinery was bombed.
	Pola Pula Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...	The 485 BG bombed the oil storage at Pola.
	Pula Pula Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...	The oil storage at Pula was bombed.
	Mestre	Fighters and fighter-bombers supporting U.S. Fifth Army forces in the Serchio Serchio At 126 kilometres the Serchio is the third longest river in the Italian region of Tuscany, coming after the Arno and the Ombrone...  river valley destroyed an oil dump North of Mestre.
	Pölitz	477 aircraft in 2 waves caused severe damage. The Pölitz plant was captured April 26, 1945.
	Wanne-Eickel	200 Halifaxes, 20 Mosquitos, and 8 Lancasters conducted scattered bombing with only light damage to the oil refinery.
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	49 aircraft bombed the oil refinery.
	Leipzig/Lützendorf	Mission 824: 233 B-17s bombed the "oil plant at Lützkendorf between Leipzig and Halle".
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 824: 10 B-24s bombed the oil plant and 268 using H2X hit the secondary target, the Magdeburg marshalling yard.
	Dülmen	Mission 824: 107 of 152 B-17s using Micro H to bomb "an oil storage depot at Dülmen"
	Dülmen	Mission 825: 140 B-17s hit the secondary target, the Dülmen oil storage depot, using Micro H.
	Dülmen	Mission 827: 124 of 127 B-24s attack the Dülmen oil depot using Micro H.
	Leipzig/Böhlen	The 384 BG bombed the synthetic oil plant.
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Bomb damaged was repaired by February 26.http://orbat.com/site/sturmvogel/ussbsnat.html
	Leipzig/Böhlen	A diversion raid for the Bombing of Dresden Bombing of Dresden in World War II The Bombing of Dresden was a military bombing by the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Force and as part of the Allied forces between 13 February and 15 February 1945 in the Second World War... , 360 Lancasters Avro Lancaster The Avro Lancaster is a British four-engined Second World War heavy bomber made initially by Avro for the Royal Air Force . It first saw active service in 1942, and together with the Handley Page Halifax it was one of the main heavy bombers of the RAF, the RCAF, and squadrons from other...  and Halifaxes Handley Page Halifax The Handley Page Halifax was one of the British front-line, four-engined heavy bombers of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. A contemporary of the famous Avro Lancaster, the Halifax remained in service until the end of the war, performing a variety of duties in addition to bombing...  bombed the Braunkohle-Benzin synthetic-oil plant at Böhlen 60 miles (96.6 km) from Dresden.
	[Expand]	As diversion raids for the Bombing of Dresden Bombing of Dresden in World War II The Bombing of Dresden was a military bombing by the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Force and as part of the Allied forces between 13 February and 15 February 1945 in the Second World War... , de Havilland Mosquito De Havilland Mosquito The de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito was a British multi-role combat aircraft that served during the Second World War and the postwar era. It was known affectionately as the "Mossie" to its crews and was also nicknamed "The Wooden Wonder"... s bombed Magdeburg (71), Bonn Bonn Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located in the Cologne/Bonn Region, about 25 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....  (16), Misburg near Hannover (8), and Dortmund (6).
	Nuremberg Nuremberg Nuremberg[p] is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Situated on the Pegnitz river and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, it is located about north of Munich and is Franconia's largest city. The population is 505,664... /Würzburg Bombing of Würzburg in World War II The Bombing of Würzburg during World War II targeted railway and oil targets with strategic bombing attacks.The author Detlef Siebert wrote that "Some ... like Würzburg or Pforzheim were primarily selected because they were easy for the bombers to find and destroy...  area	Bombing of the Siemens-Schunkert electrical transformer plant in Nuremberg (the largest in the world) ignited the oil tanks. Bombing destroyed the transformer plant .http://books.google.com/books?id=NVZLw_RCwsEC&pg=PA355
	Dülmen	Mission 830: 35 aircraft bombed the Dülmen oil depot.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)
	Vienna (Lobau)	The Lobau oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	500+ B-24s, B-17s and P-38s bombed the Moosbierbaum oil refinery.
	Vienna (Schwechat)	The Schwechat oil refinery was bombed.
	Cottbus Cottbus Cottbus is a city in Brandenburg, Germany, situated around southeast of Berlin, on the River Spree. As of , its population was .- History :...	The 447 BG The 447 BG bombed the Cottbus "oil refinery". Cottbus was also bombed on March 17.http://books.google.com/books?id=uAlz3oIZHM4C&pg=PA116
	Leipzig/Rositz	Operation Thunderclap Operation Thunderclap In August 1944 plans were drawn for an operation code named Thunderclap but it was shelved and never implemented. The plan envisaged a massive attack on Berlin that would cause 220,000 casualties with 110,000 killed, many of them key German personnel, which would shatter German morale... : 224 Lancasters and 8 Mosquitos bombed the oil refinery in Rositz near Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... , causing damage to the southern part of the plant.
	Leipzig/Böhlen	Mission 832
	Magdeburg	Mission 832 bombed the Magdeburg oil facility(ies).
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	Mission 832
	Korneuburg
	Dortmund	Mission 833: 78 B-17s bombed the synthetic oil plant at Bochum-Langendeer, 112 bombed the Kaiserstuhl coking plant, and the 92 BG bombed the "Hoesch Benzol coking plant". The small Dortmund/Harpenerweg "refinery" had began partial production .
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	Mission 833: 104 B-17s bombed Nordstern.
	Dortmund (Minster stein)	Mission 833: 112 B-17s bombed the oil refinery at By February 2, 1945, "Minster stein" had been conducting "at least partial production".
	Salzbergen	46 B-24s bombed the Salzbergen oil refinery.
	Linz	The 32 BS bombed the Linz benzol plant. A Linz target was also bombed by the 464 BG on January 20 and April 25, 1945.
	Alm	Mission 835: 37 B-17s bombed the Alm oil refinery.
	Bochum	Mission 835: 99 B-17s bombed the Carolinenglück http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeche_Carolinengl%25C3%25BCck&ei=KEnPSvetDIee8AbdopzxAw&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=4&ct=result&ved=0CA4Q7gEwAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DCarolinengl%25C3%25BCck%26hl%3Den synthetic oil plant.
	Dortmund	Mission 835: 74 B-17s bombed the Hoesch-Benzin GmbH synthetic oil plant.
	Gelsenkirchen (Alma Pluto)	Mission 835: 37 B-17s bombed the Alma Pluto coking plant.
	Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)	Mission 835: 36 B-17s bombed the Scholven synthetic oil plant.
	Vienna (Schwechat)	Schwechat oil refinery bombed.
	Vienna (Lobau)	The Lobau refinery and Floridsdorf railyard were bombed. "The attack was outstandingly successful, resulting in severe damage to the boiler house, virtual destruction of the distillation unit pump house, a probable hit on the fractionating tower, and serious damage to tankage and rail sidings.
	Düsseldorf-Reisholz Düsseldorf-Reisholz Reisholz is an urban borough of Düsseldorf. It is located in the south of the city, bordering Holthausen, Benrath, Hassels and the river Rhine....	173 aircraft attacked the Rhenania Ossag refinery at Düsseldorf-Reisholz Düsseldorf-Reisholz Reisholz is an urban borough of Düsseldorf. It is located in the south of the city, bordering Holthausen, Benrath, Hassels and the river Rhine.... , halting all oil production.
	Monheim am Rhein	128 aircraft bombed the Rhenania Ossag refinery at Monheim.
	Worms Worms, Germany Worms is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River. At the end of 2004, it had 85,829 inhabitants.Established by the Celts, who called it Borbetomagus, Worms today remains embattled with the cities Trier and Cologne over the title of "Oldest City in Germany." Worms is the only...	The 466th bombed the "Worms Oil Plant".
		A German oil storage depot was bombed.
	Gelsenkirchen (Alma Pluto)	85 Lancasters bombed the Alma Pluto coking plant.
	Oberhausen (Osterfeld)	82 Lancasters accurately bombed oil refineries at Osterfeld during Operation Clarion Operation Clarion Operation Clarion was an Allied campaign of Strategic bombing during World War II which attacked 200 Nazi Germany communication network targets to open Operation Veritable/Grenade.... .
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Mission 845: At Hamburg, 278 B-17s bombed the Albrecht Albrecht -Surname:* Alex Albrecht, American television personality* Art Albrecht , former professional American football player* Bernard Albrecht, an alias of Bernard Sumner, English singer and guitarist* Carter Albrecht, American musician...  oil refinery and 70 bombed the Harburg Harburg Harburg is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It takes its name from the town of Harburg upon Elbe, which used to be the capital of the district but is now part of Hamburg...  oil refineries. 383 B-17s are sent to hit the Deschimag U-boat yards at Bremen (200) and the Bremen W rail bridge (134). The 92 BG bombed the Albrecht synthetic oil complex.
	Kamen	340 aircraft bombed a "synthetic-oil plant in Bergkamen Bergkamen Bergkamen is a town in the district of Unna, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated near the river Lippe, approx. north-east of Dortmund and south-west of Hamm.... , just north of Kamen" using Oboe and H2S markers.
	Munich Munich Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...	Mission 847: 174 B-17s bombed the oil storage tanks and marshalling yard at Munich. Munich also had a Metzler tire plant.
	Kamen	153 No. 3 Group RAF No. 3 Group RAF Number 3 Group of the Royal Air Force was an RAF group first active in 1918, again in 1923-26, part of RAF Bomber Command from 1936 to 1967, and part of RAF Strike Command from 2000 until it disbanded on 1 April 2006.-The 1930s and World War II:...  Lancasters carried out a G-H G-H (navigation) Gee-H, or sometimes G-H, was a radio navigation system developed by Britain during World War II to aid RAF Bomber Command. Its official name was AMES Type 100...  attack on the synthetic-oil refinery at Kamen.
	Linz	The 485 BG bombed the benzol plant. The Third Army entered Linz and Salzburg on May 4 after the Fifteenth Air Force had dropped 8,962 tons of explosives on Linz.
	Neuberg Neuberg Neuberg may refer to:* Neuberg , a castle from 13th century in Podhradí, Czech Republic*Neuberg, Hesse, a municipality in the district Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hesse, Germany*Neuberg an der Mürz, a municipality in Styria, Austria...	The 487 BG bombed the Neuberg undergound oil depot. Neuberg also had aircraft service/park facilities, and Neuburg am Donau (Zell) had an Me 262 production facility.
	Dortmund benzol plant	149 Lancasters bombed the "Hoesch-Benzin GmbH benzol-oil plant" using G-H GEE (navigation) Gee was the code name given to a radio navigation system used by the Royal Air Force during World War II.Different sources record the name as GEE or Gee. The naming supposedly comes from "Grid", so the lower case form is more correct, and is the form used in Drippy's publications. See Drippy 1946.... .
	Wilhelmshaven	Mission 851: 23 B-24s bombed Wilhelmshaven oil storage by PFF.
	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	156 Lancasters bombed Nordstern using G-H.
	Frankfurt oil depot	Frankfurt/Main oil storage tanks were bombed.
		Total POL production was down 27% from the production prior to the January raids. Stocks of aviation fuel were down to 6,000 tonnes and in February, the Luftwaffe received only 400 tonnes: "anyone using [German] fuel for purposes other than the immediate conduct of operation will be considered a saboteur and court-martialed without mercy" (military order).
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	22 P-38s bombed the Moosbierbaum refinery and Tulln Tulln (district) Bezirk Tulln is a district of the state of Lower Austria in Austria.-Municipalities:Suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.* Absdorf** Absberg* Atzenbrugg...  marshalling yard. Vienna also had aircraft service/park facilities at Tulln and Aspern Aspern Aspern is part of Donaustadt, the 22nd district of Vienna.In 1904, the formerly independent village was incorporated into Vienna as part of the 21st district, Floridsdorf. Only in 1946 did it become part of the newly created 22nd district, Donaustadt. The area is known because of the Battle of... .
	Budapest & Nagykanizsa	After the Fifteenth Air Force had dropped 8,370 tons of explosives on Budapest targets, Budapest was captured February 13, 1945 (the Red Army was within 10 miles on November 3, 1944). On March 1, Germany launched the last major German offensive of World War II (Operation Frühlingserwachen Operation Frühlingserwachen Operation Frühlingserwachen was the last major German offensive launched during World War II. The offensive was launched in Hungary on the Eastern Front... ) to retake Budapest and the Nagykanizsa oil fields south of Lake Balaton Lake Balaton Lake Balaton is a freshwater lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of its foremost tourist destinations. As Hungary is landlocked , Lake Balaton is often affectionately called the "Hungarian Sea"... .
		Speer ordered that Nitrogen plants were to be repaired before the hydrogenation plants.
	Chemnitz	Mission 859: 255 B-17s bombed Chemnitz.
	Dresden	Mission 859: The 447 BG bombed the "oil refinery" at Dresden.
	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 859: 24 B-17s bombed the Rothensee oil plant
	Leipzig/Böhlen	Mission 859: 96 B-17s bombed the oil plant and gun batteries at Böhlen.
	Leipzig/Rositz (Altenburg)	Mission 859: The 384 BG bombed the oil plant at Rositz near Altenburg Altenburg Altenburg is a town in the German federal state of Thuringia, 45 km south of Leipzig. It is the capital of the Altenburger Land district.-Geography:... . An Altenburg target was also bombed on March 17.http://books.google.com/books?id=uAlz3oIZHM4C&pg=PA116
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	Mission 859: 24 B-17s bombed the Ruhland oil plant.
	Brunswick Bombing of Braunschweig in World War II During World War II Braunschweig was attacked by Allied aircraft in 42 bombing raids.The attack on the night of 14/15 October 1944 by No. 5 Group Royal Air Force marked the high point of the destruction of Henry the Lion's city in the Second World War...	The 447 BG bombed the chemical plant at Brunswick. Brunswick also had a Büssing-Nag truck plant.
	Kamen	The chemical works at Bergkamen were bombed. The 466th bombed Kamen on March 3.
	Wanne-Eickel	128 aircraft bombed.
	Gelsenchirchen (Consolidation)	170 aircraft bombed the Consolidation coking plant at Gelsenkirchen.
	Salzbergen	The Wintershall oil refinery was bombed.
	Castrop-Rauxel	The 487 BG bombed the oil refinery.
	Dortmund	At Dortmund, 24 aircraft bombed the Hörde Refuge Association coking plant and 62 bombed the Harpenerweg coking plant. The 466th also bombed Dortmund on March 12.
	Dates Calendar date A date in a calendar is a reference to a particular day represented within a calendar system. The calendar date allows the specific day to be identified. The number of days between two dates may be calculated. For example, "24 " is ten days after "14 " in the Gregorian calendar. The date of a...	The 447 BG bombed the "Datteln Datteln Datteln is a town in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on a crossroads of four canals , which makes it the biggest canal junction in Europe, approx... –Emscher Emscher The Emscher is a relatively small river and tributary of the Rhine, flowing through the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. Its total length is 84km with an average discharge near the mouth into the lower Rhine of 16 m³/s .The Emscher has its source in Holzwickede, east of the...  Lippe Lippe Lippe is a Kreis in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Herford, Minden-Lübbecke, Höxter, Paderborn, Gütersloh, and district-free Bielefeld, which forms the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe.... " coking plant.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	Bomber Command attacked the oil refinery at Harburg.
	Hemmingstedt	256 Halifaxes and 25 Lancasters of Nos 4, 6 and 8 Groups attempted to attack the Deutsche Erdöl-Aktiengesellschaft Deutsche Erdöl-Aktiengesellschaft RWE Dea AG is an international oil and gas company headquartered in Hamburg, Germany. It is a subsidiary of RWE. RWE Dea owns production facilities in Germany, the United Kingdom, Norway, Denmark, and Egypt, and also holds exploration licences in Algeria, Ireland, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco,...  oil refinery at Hemmingstedt, near Heide Heide Heide is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis Dithmarschen. Population: 21,000.The German word Heide means "heath". In the 15th century four adjoining villages decided to build a church in the "middle of the heath". This remained the town's name to date... , with little success.
	Bochum	99 aircraft bombed the Robert Muser coking plant and 63 bombed the Bruchstraße coking plant.
	Bottrop (Mathias Stinnes)	37 aircraft bombed the Mathias Stinnes coking plant.
	Dortmund	110 aircraft bombed the Gneisenau coking plant. On March 10, 509 aircraft bombed the Verschiebebahnhöfe at Dortmund.
	Essen Bombing of Essen in World War II During World War II, the industrial town of Essen, was a target of Allied strategic bombing.The Krupp factory was an inmportant industrial target, Essen was a "primary target" designated for area bombing by the February 1942 British Area bombing directive....	In Essen, 114 aircraft bombed the Emil coking plant, and 109 bombed the marshalling yards.
	Gelsenchirchen (Scholven/Buer)	75 aircraft bombed Scholven.
	Hüls	111 aircraft bombed the Auguste Victoria coking plant at Marl Marl Marl or marlstone is a calcium carbonate or lime-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and aragonite. Marl was originally an old term loosely applied to a variety of materials, most of which occur as loose, earthy deposits consisting chiefly of an intimate mixture of clay... -Hüls.
	Gelsenchirchen (Scholven/Buer)	155 aircraft bombed Scholven.
	Bremen	The 384 BG bombed the Bremen oil plant.
	Hamburg-Harburg	The 486 BG bombed a Hamburg oil plant.
	Zagreb Zagreb Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...	The 596 BS attacked a synthetic ammunition filling plant at Zagreb.http://www.b26.com/page/pdf/596_Squadron_history_1945.pdf The Bergius process for synthetic oil production was also used for synthesizing ammonia for explosives. The small petrol refinery between Zagreb Zagreb Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...  and Vrapče Vrapce Vrapče is a neighborhood of western Zagreb, the capital of Croatia. It is administratively part of the district Podsused—Vrapče. Vrapče consists of Donje Vrapče and Gornje Vrapče...  was named Sveta Klava, then Astra.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)	B-24s and B-17s bombed the Floridsdorf oil refinery.
	Nienhagen	The 486 BG bombed a Nienhagen oil facility.
	Leipzig/Lützendorf	The 106th bombed Lützendorf.http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?no=382806&rel_no=1
	Gelsenchirchen (Consolidation)	80 aircraft bombed the Consolidation coking plant.
	Herne Herne, Germany Herne is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area directly between the cities of Bochum and Gelsenkirchen.- History :Like most other cities in the region Herne was a tiny village until the 19th century...	82 aircraft bombed the Erin coking plant.
	Vienna	Prior to a raid targeting a Vienna oil refinery, the briefing officer told crews to avoid the St. Stephen's Cathedral, the Vienna State Opera Vienna State Opera The Vienna State Opera is an opera house – and opera company – with a history dating back to the mid-19th century. It is located in the centre of Vienna, Austria. It was originally called the Vienna Court Opera . In 1920, with the replacement of the Habsburg Monarchy by the First Austrian... , the Schönbrunn Palace Schönbrunn Palace Schönbrunn Palace is a former imperial 1,441-room Rococo summer residence in Vienna, Austria. One of the most important cultural monuments in the country, since the 1960s it has been one of the major tourist attractions in Vienna...  and other historic buildings and schools. Due to weather, the alternate (Wiener Neustadt marshaling yards) was bombed.
	Dates	50 aircraft bombed the Emscher-Lippe coking plant.
	Hattingen Hattingen Hattingen is a German town located in northern part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia.-History:Hattingen is located on the south bank of the River Ruhr in the south of the Ruhr region. The town was first mentioned in 1396, when the Duke of Mark granted permission to build...	51 aircraft bombed the Henrichshütte coking plant.
	Szöny	The Szöny oil refinery was bombed.
	Almásfüzitő	The Almásfüzitő oil refinery was bombed.
	Bottrop-Welheim	121 aircraft bombed the Ruhröl AG synthetic oil plant.
	Castrop-Rauxel	119 aircraft bombed the Union Victor synthetic oil plant.
	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	The bombing caused an "indefinite shutdown".http://orbat.com/site/sturmvogel/ussbsnat.html
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	In the 15AF's deepest penetration into Germany, 109 B-17s bombed the oil refinery at Ruhland.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)	The Floridsdorf` oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	The Moosbierbaum oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Schwechat)	The Schwechat oil refinery was bombed.
	Kolín	103 B-17s bombed the oil refinery as an alternate target.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)	The Floridsdorf oil refinery was bombed.
	Korneuburg	The Korneuburg oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Moosbierbaum)	The Moosbierbaum oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna (Schwechat)	The Schwechat oil refinery was bombed.
	Dortmund	77 aircraft bombed the Gneisenau coking plant.
	Hüls	90 aircraft bombed the chemical works at Marl-Hüls.
	Leipzig/Böhlen	Mission 892: 152 B-17s bombed the oil refinery at Böhlen.
	Leipzig/Rötha	Mission 892: 127 B-17s bombed the oil refinery and power station at Molbis (the 92 BG bombed the Molbis benzol plant). A Molbis target had been bombed on September 12 (Mission 626), and the 303 BG bombed the Molbis thermal electric power station in Rötha on March 28.http://www.sirinet.net/~lgarris/emiller/military.html
	Ludwigshafen	Mission 892: 138 B-17s bombed the secondary target, the Bittefeld oil refinery. After the Eighth Air Force had dropped 17,796 tons of explosives on Ludwigshafen-Mannheim, Ludwigshafen was captured on March 21.
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	Mission 892: 214 B-17s bombed the Ruhland oil refinery.
	Bochum	75 aircraft bombed the Harpenweg coking plant.
1945-03-18	Bochum	22 Lancasters bombed oil plants at Hattingen and Langendreer Langendreer Langendreer is the most populous district of the city of Bochum in the Ruhr area in Germany. Langendreer is between Dortmund, the largest city of Westphalia and Langendreer-Alter Bahnhof, another district of Bochum. Langendreeer includes Kaltehardt, a mainly residential area. Langendreer is in the...  in Bochum.
	Hattingen	78 aircraft bombed the Henrichshütte coking plant.
	Gelsenchirchen (Consolidation)	79 aircraft bombed the Consolidation coking plant.
	Ruhland	The 486 BG bombed a Ruhland oil plant.
	Hamburg-Harburg	Mission 898: The 92 BG bombed a Harburg oil plant.
	Hemmingstedt	Mission 898: 114 B-24s attacked the oil refinery at Hemmingstedt.
	Kagran	The oil refinery was bombed.
	Korneuburg	The oil refinery was bombed.
	Hemmingstedt	166 Lancasters attacked the Hemmingstedt oil refinery.
	Vienna	3 oil refineries and a goods depot were bombed at Vienna.
	Vienna (Floridsdorf)	The 32 BS bombed.
	Bochum	143 aircraft bombed the Harpenweg coking plant.
	Kralupy	The Kralupy oil refinery was bombed.
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	The Ruhland oil refinery was bombed (some bombers dispatched to Ruhland bombed the Lauta Lauta Lauta is a town in the district of Bautzen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated 10 km west of Hoyerswerda, and 10 km southeast of Senftenberg....  aluminum works to the North).
	Vienna	2 Vienna oil refineries were bombed.
	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	The Ruhland oil refinery was bombed.
	Vienna	Vienna oil refinery(ies) bombed. After the Fifteenth Air Force had dropped 30,122 tons of explosives on Vienna targets, the Soviet Vienna Offensive Vienna Offensive The Vienna Offensive was launched by the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front in order to capture Vienna, Austria. The offensive lasted from 2–13 April 1945...  began on April 2, encircled Vienna on April 7, and the garrison surrendered on April 13.
	Bochum	95 aircraft bombed the Harpenweg coking plant.
	Bücken Bücken Bücken is a municipality in the district of Nienburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.-History:An Abbey was established here in Bücken in the year 882 by Rimbert, Archbishop of Bremen...	Mission 913: 1,009 bombers and 341 fighters are dispatched to hit 7 oil plants and a tank factory. 57 B-24s bombed the Bücken oil depot.
	Ehmen	Mission 913: 59 B-24s bombed the Ehmen oil depot
	Nuremberg/Würzburg area	, Germany, oil storage depot bombed. Erlbach was south of Ebrach between Würzburg and Nuremberg.
	Hitzacker Hitzacker Hitzacker is a town in the Lüchow-Dannenberg district of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Elbe, approx. 8 km north of Dannenberg, and 45 km east of Lüneburg. The 2007 population of Hitzacker was 4,982, and its postal code is 29456. The mayor is Karl Guhl...	Mission 913: 127 B-24s bombed the Hitzacker oil depot.
	Neuenheerse	Neuenheerse, Germany, oil storage depot bombed.
	Zeitz	Mission 915: 185 B-17s are sent to hit the Zeitz synthetic oil plant.
	Bremen-Farge Farge Farge is a small port on the Weser River in the City of Bremen. The bombing of Bremen in World War II attacked Farge targets, including the oil storage and the Valentin submarine pens.-Bremen-Farge concentration camp:...	95 Lancasters of No 5 Group successfully attacked an oil-storage depot at Farge.
	Hamm	150 aircraft bombed the Heessen coking plant in the last strategic bombing in the Ruhr Area Ruhr Area The Ruhr, by German-speaking geographers and historians more accurately called Ruhr district or Ruhr region , is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With 4435 km² and a population of some 5.2 million , it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany... .
	Dedenhausen	The 486 BG bombed a Dedenhausen oil facility near Hannover.
	Nuremberg/Würzburg area	The 596 BS bombed the Ebrach Ebrach Ebrach is a community with market rights in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg and the seat of the administrative community of Ebrach.-Etymology:...  oil depot. Ebrach was north of Erlbach Erlbach Erlbach is a municipality in the district of Altötting in Bavaria in Germany....  between Würzburg and Nuremberg.
	Ebenhausen Baar-Ebenhausen Baar-Ebenhausen is a municipality in the district of Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany....	The Ebenhausen oil depot in Germany was bombed.
	Hamburg-Harburg refineries	169 bombers attacked an oil depot at Hamburg, and the 487 BG bombed a Hamburg oil refinery.
	Bad Berka Bad Berka Bad Berka is a German city, situated in the south of Weimar region in the state of Thuringia. With its almost 8.000 inhabitants Bad Berka is the second biggest city in Weimarer Land district . The river flowing through the city, which is embedded in new red sandstone, is called Ilm.Bad Berka is a...	Mission 920: 29 B-17s bombed the secondary target, the Bad Berka oil plant. The 100 BG attacked the Bad Berka oil storage. Bad Berka underground work plant used forced labor.
	Nuremberg/Würzburg area	B-17s bombed the oil depot. Erlbach Erlbach Erlbach is a municipality in the district of Altötting in Bavaria in Germany....  was south of Ebrach between Würzburg and Nuremberg.
	Erfurt Erfurt Erfurt is the capital city of Thuringia and the main city nearest to the geographical centre of Germany, located 100 km SW of Leipzig, 150 km N of Nuremberg and 180 km SE of Hannover. Erfurt Airport can be reached by plane via Munich. It lies in the southern part of the Thuringian...	Mission 920: 20 B-17s bombed the Erfurt oil depot.http://books.google.com/books?id=RjzLqxg6KlAC&pg=PT661 Erfurt had also been bombed on February 9 (by the 384 BG) and on March 17.http://books.google.com/books?id=uAlz3oIZHM4C&pg=PA116
	Gotha Gotha (town) Gotha is a town in Thuringia, within the central core of Germany. It is the capital of the district of Gotha.- History :The town has existed at least since the 8th century, when it was mentioned in a document signed by Charlemagne as Villa Gotaha . Its importance derives from having been chosen in...	Mission 920: 20 B-17s bombed the Gotha oil plant as secondary target (Gotha also had an aircraft production center.) The Ohrdruf forced labor camp near Gotha was the 1st found by the Allies, and Eisenhower, Patton, and Bradley inspected the Ohrdruf Nord work camp on April 12, 1945. After an April 13/14 overnight visit with his father, John Eisenhower visited Buchenwald on April 14.
	Marienburg-Gdynia	B-17s bombed the Marienburg oil depot. Stalag XX-B Stalag XX-B Marienburg Stalag XXB or Stalag 20B Marienburg Danzig was a Nazi POW camp. Located near Marienburg, it was originally a hutted and tented camp with double boundary fence and had watchtowers. British, Poles and Serbs were held here in 1940. An administration block including a hospital was erected...  was at Marienburg.
	Nuremberg/Würzburg area	B-17s bombed the Würzburg oil depot.
	Zeitz	Mission 920: 229 B-17s bombed the synthetic oil refinery at Zeitz using H2X radar
	Nuremberg/Würzburg area	The Ebrach oil depot was bombed.
	Buchen	36 B-17s bombed the Buchen oil depot.
	Hitzacker	The 384 BG bombed the Hitzacker underground storage.
	Leipzig/Rötha	The bombing of the benzol plant at Molbis, near Leipzig, ceased all production at the plant. Halle and Leipzig were captured by the VII Corps VII Corps VII Corps, 7th Corps or Seventh Corps may refer to:* VII Corps * VII Corps * VII Corps * VII Corps , two separate formations of the Union during the American Civil War...  on April 14.
	Durben	Mission 920: 31 B-17s bombed the Durben oil depot.
	Leipzig/Lützendorf	The 106th bombed Lützendorf. The US First Army was in Leipzig on April 18, 1945.
	Munchenbernsdorf Münchenbernsdorf Münchenbernsdorf is a town in the district of Greiz, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated approximately 16 km southwest of Gera.-Geography:...	The Munchenbernsdorf oil storage depot was bombed.
	Po Valley Po Valley The Po Valley, Po Plain, Plain of the Po, or Padan Plain is a major geographical feature of Italy. It extends approximately in an east-west direction, with an area of 46,000 km² including its Venetic extension not actually related to the Po River basin; it runs from the Western Alps to the...	Oilfields in the central Po Valley were bombed. On April 20, US ground forces encountered "half-hearted resistance [in capturing the] flat ground of the Po Valley with its excellent road network".
	Nienhagen Nienhagen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Nienhagen is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany....  oil refinery	The Nienhagen oil refinery was bombed.
	Bad Berka	The 596 BS bombed the Bad Berka oil storage.
	Dedenhausen	The Dedenhausen oil target was bombed.
	Neuberg	Mission 935: 89 B-17s bombed the underground oil depot.
	Freiham Freiham Freiham is a district in the Munich borough of Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied, in the west of Munich, Germany. The district is the location of a large development scheme devoted consisting primarily of housing estates as well as small commercial-use buildings....	Mission 941: 300 B-17s bombed the Freiham oil depot.
	Regensburg	Mission 941: 80 B-24s bombed the Regensburg oil depot and 31 bombed the munitions depot.The 401 BG bombed a Regensburg target on April 16. The Fifteenth Air Force dropped 5,815 tons of explosives on Regensburg.
		Strategic Bombing Directive No. 4 ended the strategic air war in Europe. On April 16, Spaatz notified Doolittle and Twining: "The advances of our ground forces have brought to a close the strategic air war waged by the United States Strategic Air Forces and the Royal Air Force Bomber Command.".
	Neuburg Neuburg an der Donau Neuburg an der Donau, literally Neuburg on the Danube River, is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria in Germany.-Divisions:The municipality has 16 divisions:-History:...	Oil storage at Neuburg an der Donau was bombed.
	Roudnice	115 B-17s bombed the Roudnice nad Labem oil storage and marshalling yards.
	Annaburg Annaburg Annaburg is a small town in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was the seat of the former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Annaburg-Prettin.- Constituent communities :Annaburg has two centres, one also called Annaburg, and the other Purzien....	Oil storage was bombed at Annaburg.
	Deggendorf Deggendorf Deggendorf is a town in Bavaria, capital of the district Deggendorf.The earliest traces of settlement in the area are found near the Danube, about 8,000 years ago. Both Bronze Age and Celtic era archeological finds indicate continuous habitation through the years...	Oil storage was bombed at Deggendorf.
	Schrobenhausen Schrobenhausen Schrobenhausen is a town in the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Paar, approx. 25 km southwest of Ingolstadt, and 35 km northeast of Augsburg....	The oil depot was bombed at Schrobenhausen.
	Tønsberg Tønsberg is a city and municipality in Vestfold county, southern Norway, located around north-east of Sandefjord. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Tønsberg....	The RAF's "last major strategic raid" destroyed the small "Vallo-Taneberg" oil refinery at Tønsberg.
		Germany's oil production was 5% that of the previous year: Jan - Feb - Mar - Apr 1945 tbd - tbd - tbd - By the end of the war, instead of using "200 liters of J-2 fuel taxiing for 5 minutes," Me 262 jet fighters Messerschmitt Me 262 The Messerschmitt Me 262 Schwalbe was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft. Design work started before World War II began, but engine problems prevented the aircraft from attaining operational status with the Luftwaffe until mid-1944...  were towed by oxen to save fuel. "General Carl Spaatz had been insistent—and correct. The enemy would fight for oil, and the enemy would lose his fighters, his crews, and his fuel" (Herman S. Wolk, USAF historian, June 1974)
		Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States . As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice president and the 34th Vice President of the United States , he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his...  signed Joint Chiefs of Staff Directive 1067, which prohibited German production of oil until superseded in July 1947.