Outlaw (stock character)
Encyclopedia
Though the judgment of outlawry is obsolete, romanticised outlaws became stock character
s in several fictional settings.
This was particularly so in the United States, where outlaws were popular subjects of newspaper coverage and stories in the 19th century, and 20th century fiction and Western movies. Thus, "outlaw" is still commonly used to mean those violating the law or, by extension, those living that lifestyle, whether actual criminals evading the law or those merely opposed to "law-and-order" notions of conformity and authority (such as the "outlaw country
" music movement in the 1970s).
The colloquial sense of an outlaw as bandit or brigand is the subject of a monograph by British author Eric Hobsbawm
:. Hobsbawm's book discusses the bandit as a symbol, and mediated idea, and many of the outlaws he refers to, such as Ned Kelly, Mr. Dick Turpin, and Billy the Kid, are also listed below.
owes a great deal to English
folklore
precedents, in the tales of Robin Hood
and of gallant highwaymen
. But outlawry was once a term of art in the law
, and one of the harshest judgments that could be pronounced on anyone's head.
period of the United States in the late 19th century. The Western outlaw is typically a criminal who operates from a base in the wilderness
, and opposes, attacks or disrupts the fragile institutions of new settlements. By the time of the Western frontier, many jurisdictions had abolished the process of outlawry, and the term was used in its more popular meaning.
s have been made outlaws – that is they were declared to have no legal rights and anybody was empowered to shoot them without the need for an arrest followed by a trial.
Stock character
A Stock character is a fictional character based on a common literary or social stereotype. Stock characters rely heavily on cultural types or names for their personality, manner of speech, and other characteristics. In their most general form, stock characters are related to literary archetypes,...
s in several fictional settings.
This was particularly so in the United States, where outlaws were popular subjects of newspaper coverage and stories in the 19th century, and 20th century fiction and Western movies. Thus, "outlaw" is still commonly used to mean those violating the law or, by extension, those living that lifestyle, whether actual criminals evading the law or those merely opposed to "law-and-order" notions of conformity and authority (such as the "outlaw country
Outlaw country
Outlaw country is a subgenre of country music, most popular during the late 1960s and the 1970s , sometimes referred to as the outlaw movement or simply outlaw music...
" music movement in the 1970s).
The colloquial sense of an outlaw as bandit or brigand is the subject of a monograph by British author Eric Hobsbawm
Eric Hobsbawm
Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm , CH, FBA, is a British Marxist historian, public intellectual, and author...
:. Hobsbawm's book discusses the bandit as a symbol, and mediated idea, and many of the outlaws he refers to, such as Ned Kelly, Mr. Dick Turpin, and Billy the Kid, are also listed below.
List of famous outlaws
The stereotypeStereotype
A stereotype is a popular belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. The concepts of "stereotype" and "prejudice" are often confused with many other different meanings...
owes a great deal to English
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
folklore
Folklore
Folklore consists of legends, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, fairy tales and customs that are the traditions of a culture, subculture, or group. It is also the set of practices through which those expressive genres are shared. The study of folklore is sometimes called...
precedents, in the tales of Robin Hood
Robin Hood
Robin Hood was a heroic outlaw in English folklore. A highly skilled archer and swordsman, he is known for "robbing from the rich and giving to the poor", assisted by a group of fellow outlaws known as his "Merry Men". Traditionally, Robin Hood and his men are depicted wearing Lincoln green clothes....
and of gallant highwaymen
Highwayman
A highwayman was a thief and brigand who preyed on travellers. This type of outlaw, usually, travelled and robbed by horse, as compared to a footpad who traveled and robbed on foot. Mounted robbers were widely considered to be socially superior to footpads...
. But outlawry was once a term of art in the law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
, and one of the harshest judgments that could be pronounced on anyone's head.
American Western
The outlaw is familiar to contemporary readers as an archetype in Western movies, depicting the lawless expansionismExpansionism
In general, expansionism consists of expansionist policies of governments and states. While some have linked the term to promoting economic growth , more commonly expansionism refers to the doctrine of a state expanding its territorial base usually, though not necessarily, by means of military...
period of the United States in the late 19th century. The Western outlaw is typically a criminal who operates from a base in the wilderness
Wilderness
Wilderness or wildland is a natural environment on Earth that has not been significantly modified by human activity. It may also be defined as: "The most intact, undisturbed wild natural areas left on our planet—those last truly wild places that humans do not control and have not developed with...
, and opposes, attacks or disrupts the fragile institutions of new settlements. By the time of the Western frontier, many jurisdictions had abolished the process of outlawry, and the term was used in its more popular meaning.
Australian
In Australia two gangs of bushrangerBushranger
Bushrangers, or bush rangers, originally referred to runaway convicts in the early years of the British settlement of Australia who had the survival skills necessary to use the Australian bush as a refuge to hide from the authorities...
s have been made outlaws – that is they were declared to have no legal rights and anybody was empowered to shoot them without the need for an arrest followed by a trial.
- Ben Hall – the New South Wales colonial government passed a law in 1865 which outlawed the gang (Hall, John GilbertJohn Gilbert (bushranger)Johnny Gilbert was an Australian bushranger shot dead by the police at the age of 23 near Binalong, New South Wales on 13 May 1865.John Gilbert was the only Australian bushranger never to go to prison...
and John DunnJohn DunnJohn Dunn may refer to:*John Dunn , English professional footballer for Aston Villa and Charlton Athletic*Jack Dunn , minor league baseball owner and manager*Jack Dunn , British figure skater...
) and made it possible for anyone to shoot them. There was no need for the outlaws to be arrested and for there to be a trial — the law was essentially a bill of attainderBill of attainderA bill of attainder is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them without benefit of a judicial trial.-English law:...
. - Ned KellyNed KellyEdward "Ned" Kelly was an Irish Australian bushranger. He is considered by some to be merely a cold-blooded cop killer — others, however, consider him to be a folk hero and symbol of Irish Australian resistance against the Anglo-Australian ruling class.Kelly was born in Victoria to an Irish...
– The Victorian colonial government passed a law on 30 October 1878 to make the Kelly gang outlaws: they no longer had any legal rights and they could be shot by anyone. The law was modelled on the 1865 legislation passed against the gang of Ben Hall. As well as Ned Kelly, his brother Dan KellyDan Kelly (bushranger)Dan Kelly was an Australian bushranger and outlaw. The son of an Irish convict, he was the youngest brother of the bushranger, Ned Kelly. Dan and his brother killed three policemen. With two friends, they formed the Kelly Gang...
was subject to the warrant as well as Joe ByrneJoe ByrneJoe Byrne was an Australian bushranger born in Victoria to an Irish immigrant. A friend of Ned Kelly, he was a member of the Kelly Gang, who were declared outlaws after the murder of three policemen at Stringybark Creek...
and Steve HartSteve HartSteve Hart was an Australian bushranger renowned for his membership in the Kelly Gang.-History:Hart was born in Wangaratta to Irish immigrant parents Richard and Bridget Hart...
.
Brazilian
CangaceirosCangaço
Cangaço is the name given to a form of "social banditry" in the Northeast of Brazil in late 19th and early 20th centuries. This region of Brazil is known for its aridness and hardships, and in a form of reaction against the domination of the land owners and the government, many men and women...
- LampiãoLampião"Captain" Virgulino Ferreira da Silva, better known as Lampião , was the most famous leader of a Cangaço band, marauders and outlaws who terrorized the Brazilian Northeast in the 1920s and 1930s.-Biography:...
– Brazilian outlaw who led the CangaçosCangaçoCangaço is the name given to a form of "social banditry" in the Northeast of Brazil in late 19th and early 20th centuries. This region of Brazil is known for its aridness and hardships, and in a form of reaction against the domination of the land owners and the government, many men and women...
, a band of feared marauders and outlaws who terrorized Northeastern Brazil during the 1920–1930's.
British
- Hereward the WakeHereward the WakeHereward the Wake , known in his own times as Hereward the Outlaw or Hereward the Exile, was an 11th-century leader of local resistance to the Norman conquest of England....
– Saxon outlaw during the Norman conquest of England - John NevisonJohn NevisonJohn Nevison , also known as William Nevison, was one of Britain's most notorious highwaymen, a gentleman-rogue supposedly nicknamed Swift Nick by King Charles II after a renowned dash from Kent to York to establish an alibi for a robbery he had committed earlier that day...
– 17th century highwaymanHighwaymanA highwayman was a thief and brigand who preyed on travellers. This type of outlaw, usually, travelled and robbed by horse, as compared to a footpad who traveled and robbed on foot. Mounted robbers were widely considered to be socially superior to footpads... - James MacLaineJames MacLaine"Captain" James MacLaine was a notorious highwayman with his accomplice William Plunkett. He was known as the "Gentleman Highwayman" as a result of his courteous behaviour during his robberies. He famously robbed Horace Walpole, and was eventually hanged at Tyburn...
– Scottish highwayman - William PlunkettWilliam Plunkett (highwayman)William Plunkett was a highwayman and accomplice of the famed "Gentleman Highwayman," James MacLaine.Plunkett lived during the mid-eighteenth century in London, on Jermyn Street, and was said to have been an apothecary who was also presumed to be a gentleman...
– English highwayman - Tom KingTom King (highwayman)Tom King was an English highwayman who operated in the Essex and London areas. His real name is thought to have been Matthew King; whether "Tom" was a nickname or an error in reporting his crimes is uncertain, but it is the name by which he has become popularly known. Some sources claim that he...
– fictional English highwayman - Sawney Beane – Scottish outlaw
- Edgar the OutlawEdgar ÆthelingEdgar Ætheling , or Edgar II, was the last male member of the royal house of Cerdic of Wessex...
– English king - Robin HoodRobin HoodRobin Hood was a heroic outlaw in English folklore. A highly skilled archer and swordsman, he is known for "robbing from the rich and giving to the poor", assisted by a group of fellow outlaws known as his "Merry Men". Traditionally, Robin Hood and his men are depicted wearing Lincoln green clothes....
– Legendary Medieval EnglishEnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
outlaw - Eustace FolvilleEustace Folville]Eustace Folville was the leader of a robber band active in Leicestershire and Derbyshire in the first half of the 14th century. With four of his younger brothers, he was responsible for two of the most notorious crimes of early 14th century England: no mean achievement, considering the same...
– English outlaw and soldier - Adam the LeperAdam the LeperAdam the Leper was the leader of a fourteenth-century robber band, operating in the south west of England in the 1330s and 1340s. Like the north Midlands bandits Eustace Folville and James Cotterel, he and his gang specialised in theft and kidnap. Unlike these contemporaries, he seems to have...
– Fourteenth-century English gang-leader - Rob RoyRobert Roy MacGregorRobert Roy MacGregor , usually known simply as Rob Roy or alternately Red MacGregor, was a famous Scottish folk hero and outlaw of the early 18th century, who is sometimes known as the Scottish Robin Hood. Rob Roy is anglicised from the Scottish Gaelic Raibeart Ruadh, or Red Robert...
– Scottish Chieftain. - Twm Siôn CatiTwm Siôn CatiTwm Siôn Cati is a figure in Welsh folklore, often described as the Welsh Wizard.- Background :...
– Welsh Outlaw from Tregaron in Tudor times, ended up mayor of BreconBreconBrecon is a long-established market town and community in southern Powys, Mid Wales, with a population of 7,901. It was the county town of the historic county of Brecknockshire; although its role as such was eclipsed with the formation of Powys, it remains an important local centre... - James HindJames HindCaptain James Hind was a 17th century highwayman and Royalist rabble rouser during the English Civil War....
– 17th century highwayman - John ClavellJohn ClavellJohn Clavell was a highwayman, author, lawyer, and doctor.He is known for his poem A Recantation of an Ill Led Life, and his play The Soddered Citizen...
– English highwayman, author, and lawyer - Claude DuvalClaude DuvalFor other uses, see Claude Duval Claude Du Vall was a French-born gentleman highwayman in post-Restoration Britain.-Early life:...
– FrenchFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
-born highwayman in England - John WilkesJohn WilkesJohn Wilkes was an English radical, journalist and politician.He was first elected Member of Parliament in 1757. In the Middlesex election dispute, he fought for the right of voters—rather than the House of Commons—to determine their representatives...
– 18th century English politician
Canadian
- Simon GunanootSimon GunanootSimon Gunanoot was a prosperous Gitxsan man and a merchant in the Kispiox Valley region of Hazelton, British Columbia, Canada. He lived with his wife and children on a large ranch...
- SlumachSlumachSlumach who died on the gallows in New Westminster, BC, in 1891 was an elderly Katzie First Nations man. Baptized moments before his death he was given the first name "Peter", a name never used in his lifetime. His unmarked grave is in St. Peter's Cemetery in Sapperton...
- Bill MinerBill MinerEzra Allen Miner , more popularly known as Bill Miner, was a noted American criminal, originally from Bowling Green, Kentucky, who served several prison terms for stagecoach robbery. Known for his unusual politeness while committing robberies, he was widely nicknamed The Gentleman Robber or The...
- Ken LeishmanKen LeishmanKenneth Leishman , also known as the Flying Bandit or the Gentleman Bandit was a Canadian thief responsible for multiple robberies between 1957 and 1966...
– In 1966 he managed to hijack $383,497 worth of gold from the Winnipeg International Airport, amounting to the largest gold heist in Canadian history.
East Asian
- Song JiangSong JiangSong Jiang was the leader of a group of outlaws who lived during the Song Dynasty. The outlaws were active in the present-day provinces of Shandong and Henan before their eventual surrender to the government. Song Jiang is also featured as a character in the Water Margin, one of the Four Great...
– Historical Chinese outlaw immortalised in the classic Water MarginWater MarginWater Margin , also known as Outlaws of the Marsh, All Men Are Brothers, Men of the Marshes, or The Marshes of Mount Liang, is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.Attributed to Shi Nai'an and written in vernacular Chinese, the story, set in the Song Dynasty,... - Zhang XianzhongZhang XianzhongZhang Xianzhong or Chang Hsien-chung , nicknamed Yellow Tiger, was a Chinese rebel leader who conquered Sichuan Province in the middle of the 17th century. Upon capturing it, he declared himself emperor of the Daxi Dynasty .According to Chinese chronicles, many scholars rejected that claim, so he...
– nicknamed Yellow Tiger, was a Chinese bandit and rebel leader who conquered Sichuan Province in the middle of the 17th century. - Lao Pie-fangLao Pie-fangLao Pie-fang, known as a Hun-hutze , he was a guerrilla leader fighting in western Liaoning against Japanese occupation. He led several thousand followers to attack Japanese garrisons the southern portion of the South Manchurian Railroad mainline in early 1932, during the pacification of...
– known as Hun-hutze (red beard), was a bandit chieftain in western LiaoningLiaoning' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
. - Wang DelinWang DelinWang Delin or Wang Teh-ling, , bandit, soldier and leader of the National Salvation Army resisting the Japanese pacification of Manchukuo....
– bandit, soldier and leader of the National Salvation ArmyAnti-Japanese Volunteer ArmiesAfter the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and until 1933, large volunteer armies waged war against Japanese and Manchukuo forces over much of Northeast China....
resisting the Japanese pacification of ManchukuoPacification of ManchukuoThe Pacification of Manchukuo, was a campaign to pacify the resistance to the newly established puppet state of Manchukuo between the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies of Manchuria and later the Communist Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army and the Imperial Japanese Army and the forces of the...
. - Hong Gildong – Fictitious Korean outlaw
- Ishikawa GoemonIshikawa Goemonwas a semi-legendary Japanese outlaw hero who stole gold and valuables and gave them to the poor. Goemon is notable for being boiled alive along with his son in public after a failed assassination attempt on the civil war-era warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi. A large iron kettle-shaped bathtub is now...
– Legendary Japanese thief featured in kabuki plays - Nezumi KozōNezumi KozoNezumi Kozō is the nickname of Nakamura Jirokichi , a Japanese thief and folk hero who lived in Edo during the Edo period.-Capture and tattoo:In 1822, he was caught and tattooed, and banished from Edo...
– Japanese thief - Saigō TakamoriSaigo Takamoriwas one of the most influential samurai in Japanese history, living during the late Edo Period and early Meiji Era. He has been dubbed the last true samurai.-Early life:...
– the last true SamuraiSamuraiis the term for the military nobility of pre-industrial Japan. According to translator William Scott Wilson: "In Chinese, the character 侍 was originally a verb meaning to wait upon or accompany a person in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau...
, he led the Satsuma RebellionSatsuma RebellionThe was a revolt of Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government from January 29 to September 24, 1877, 9 years into the Meiji Era. It was the last, and the most serious, of a series of armed uprisings against the new government.-Background:...
German
- Eppelein von GailingenEppelein von GailingenEppelein von Gailingen was a famous German robber baron in the Middle Ages....
- Frederick of IsenbergFrederick of IsenbergCount Frederick of Isenberg was a German noble, the younger son of Count Arnold of Altena...
- HannikelHannikelHannikel , born Jakob Reinhard, was an infamous robber in Württemberg, Germany, and is today a character of the Swabian-Alemannic carnival.-Early life:...
- Johannes Bückler, nicknamed Schinderhannes
- Matthias KlostermayrMatthias KlostermayrMatthias Klostermayr, known as Bavarian Hiasl was a renowned German outlaw, poacher and social rebel who had come to be described, particularly in accounts written in the English-speaking world, as the Bavarian Robin Hood.A native of the municipality of Kissing...
, aka Bavarian Hiasl, aka Hiasl of Bavaria, aka der Bayerische Hiasl, aka da Boarische Hiasl - Mathias KneißlMathias KneißlMathias Kneißl, known as Robber Kneißl , 4 August 1875, Unterweikertshofen — 21 February 1902, was a German outlaw, poacher and popular social rebel in the Dachau district, in the Kingdom of Bavaria...
- Hans KohlhaseHans KohlhaseHans Kohlhase was a German historical figure about whose personality some controversy exists.He was a merchant, and not, as some have supposed, a horsedealer, and he lived at Cölln in Brandenburg ....
- Martin LutherMartin LutherMartin Luther was a German priest, professor of theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517...
was outlawed in 1521 by the Edict of Worms
Greek
Klephtes- Odysseas AndroutsosOdysseas AndroutsosOdysseas Androutsos ; was a hero of the Greek War of Independence.-Early life:He was born in Ithaca in 1788, however his family was from the village of Livanates in Phthiotis prefecture...
- Markos BotsarisMarkos BotsarisMarkos Botsaris was a Souliote captain and a hero of the War of Greek Independence. Markos Botsaris is among the most revered national heroes in Greece.-Early life:...
- Athanasios DiakosAthanasios DiakosAthanasios Diakos , a Greek military commander during the Greek War of Independence and a national hero, was born Athanasios Nikolaos Massavetas in the village of Ano Mousounitsa, Phocis.-Early life:...
- Geórgios KaraïskákisGeorgios KaraiskakisGeorgios Karaiskakis born Georgios Iskos was a famous Greek klepht, armatolos, military commander, and a hero of the Greek War of Independence.- Early life :...
- Theodoros KolokotronisTheodoros KolokotronisTheodoros Kolokotronis was a Greek Field Marshal and one of the leaders of the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire....
- NikitarasNikitarasNikitaras was the nom de guerre of Nikitas Stamatelopoulos , a Greek revolutionary in the Greek War of Independence. Due to his fighting prowess, he was known as the "Τουρκοφάγος" , literally "Turk-Eater"....
Irish
- Grace O'MalleyGrace O'MalleyGráinne Ní Mháille , Gráinne O'Malley or Grace O'Malley, was Queen of Umaill, chieftain of the Ó Máille clan and a pirate in 16th century Ireland...
- Redmond O'HanlonRedmond O'Hanlon (outlaw)Redmond O'Hanlon was a 17th-century Irish tóraidhe or rapparee , and an important figure in the Irish Rebellion of 1641.- Early life :...
- Neesy O'HaughanNeesy O'HaughanNaoise O'Haughan, also known as Neesy, Ness and Nessie was a highwayman in County Antrim, Ireland in the late 17th and early 18th centuries....
- Tiger RocheTiger RocheDavid "Tiger" Roche, was a celebrated soldier, duellist and adventurer, variously hailed as a hero and damned as a thief and a murderer at many times during his stormy life...
- Captain GallagherCaptain GallagherCaptain Gallagher was an Irish highwayman who, as one of the later Irish Rapparees, led a bandit group in the hills of the Irish countryside during the late 18th century....
- Sean KellySean KellySean Kelly may refer to:* Sean Kelly , Professor of philosophy at Harvard University* Sean Kelly , Irish professional road bicycle racer...
Italian
- Carmine CroccoCarmine CroccoCarmine Crocco, known as Donatello was an Italian brigand. Initially a robber in revenge for the abuses suffered, he fought in the service of Giuseppe Garibaldi and, soon after the Italian unification, he formed an army of two thousand men, leading the most cohesive and feared band in southern...
(1830–1905) – Italian bandit and folk hero - Salvatore GiulianoSalvatore GiulianoSalvatore Giuliano was a Sicilian peasant. It has been suggested that the subjugated social status of his class led him to become a bandit and separatist. He was mythologised during his life and after his death...
(1922–1950) – Sicilian bandit and separatist - Giuseppe MusolinoGiuseppe MusolinoGiuseppe Musolino, better known as the "Brigante Musolino" or the "King of Aspromonte" , was an Italian brigand and folk hero.-Biography:...
(1876–1956) – Calabrian outlaw and folk hero - Nicola NapolitanoNicola Napolitano (brigand)Nicola Napolitano , also known by the nickname Caprariello, a nickname derived from his activity of goat shepherd, was born in Nola from the peasants Sabato and Carmela from Naples...
(1838–1863) – Neapolitan bandit - Gaspare PisciottaGaspare PisciottaGaspare Pisciotta was a companion and close friend of the Sicilian bandit Salvatore Giuliano, and considered to be the co-leader of his outlaw band.- Origins :...
(1924–1954) – Sicilian bandit and separatist - Francesco Paolo VarsallonaFrancesco Paolo VarsallonaFrancesco Paolo Varsallona or Varsalona was a Sicilian bandit who operated on the island around the turn of the 20th century. He is considered to be the last great bandit of the pre-fascist era...
– notorious Sicilian bandit leader
Mexican
- Doroteo Arango Arámbula – Better known as Pancho VillaPancho VillaJosé Doroteo Arango Arámbula – better known by his pseudonym Francisco Villa or its hypocorism Pancho Villa – was one of the most prominent Mexican Revolutionary generals....
, a general in the Mexican Revolution - Jesás Salgado – led an agrarian revolt in the state of Guerrero during the Mexican Revolution
- Heraclio BernalHeraclio BernalHeraclio Bernal was a bandit from the Sinaloa region of Mexico. He is widely known as the "Thunderbolt of Sinaloa."-Bandit years:Bernal led a group of pistoleros, who operated along the mining zones of the Sierra Madre Occidental, dominating parts of Sinaloa and Durango...
, also known as the "Thunderbolt of Sinaloa" - Jesús Negrete, better known as the El Tigre de Santa Julia
- Jesús Arriaga, better known as Chucho el Roto or The Mexican Robin Hood
- Los Plateados, a famous mexican gang that was active in the state of MorelosMorelosMorelos officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Morelos is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 33 municipalities and its capital city is Cuernavaca....
in the XIX century. - Joaquín MurrietaJoaquin MurrietaJoaquin Carrillo Murrieta , also called the Mexican or Chilean Robin Hood or the Robin Hood of El Dorado, was a semi-legendary figure in California during the California Gold Rush of the 1850s...
, simbolized resistance against Anglo-AmericanAnglosphereAnglosphere is a neologism which refers to those nations with English as the most common language. The term can be used more specifically to refer to those nations which share certain characteristics within their cultures based on a linguistic heritage, through being former British colonies...
economic and cultural domination in the XIX century.
Indian
- Simko ShikakSimko ShikakSimko Shikak also Ismail Agha Shikak ) was a Kurdish chieftain of the Shakak tribe...
– KurdishKurdish peopleThe Kurdish people, or Kurds , are an Iranian people native to the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey...
bandit and rebel leader - Dulla BhattiDulla BhattiRai Abdullah Khan Bhatti Rajput, popularly known as Dulla Bhatti , was a famous legendary Rajput hero of the Punjab, who led a rebellion against the Mughal emperor Akbar...
– was a PunjabiPunjabi peopleThe Punjabi people , ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ), also Panjabi people, are an Indo-Aryan group from South Asia. They are the second largest of the many ethnic groups in South Asia. They originate in the Punjab region, which has been been the location of some of the oldest civilizations in the world including, the...
who led a rebellion against the Mughal emperor Akbar. His act of helping a poor peasant's daughter to get married led to a famous folk take which is still recited every year on the festival of Lohri by Punjabis. - VeerappanVeerappanKoose Muniswamy Veerappan commonly known as Veerappan, was a notorious dacoit, or robber bandit, of India. He was active for a period of years in a broad swath of land covering 6,000 km² in the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu...
, South IndiaSouth IndiaSouth India is the area encompassing India's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area...
's most famous bandit, Elephant poacher, sandalwood smuggler - Phoolan DeviPhoolan DeviPhoolan Devi , popularly known as the "Bandit Queen", was an Indian dacoit and later a politician. After being gang-raped by some upper-caste members of her gang, Phoolan Devi turned a bandit, and killed 22 upper-caste villagers in 1981. Following this, she became notorious across India as a bandit...
– one of IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
's most famous dacoits ("armed robber"). - Shiv Kumar PatelShiv Kumar PatelShiv Kumar Patel , also known as The Brown One, was a notorious Cavalier at The Calvary Day School who organized an uprising against the student government in 2009. He was placed in front of the firing squad on April 22, 2010, in the sanctuary to serve as an example to the rest of the students...
– led one of the few remaining bands of outlaws that have roamed central India for centuries. - HashshashinHashshashinThe Assassins were an order of Nizari Ismailis, particularly those of Persia that existed from around 1092 to 1265...
– militant IsmailiIsmaili' is a branch of Shia Islam. It is the second largest branch of Shia Islam, after the Twelvers...
Muslim sect, active from the 8th to the 14th centuries. - ThuggeeThuggeeThuggee is the term for a particular kind of murder and robbery of travellers in South Asia and particularly in India.They are sometimes called Phansigar i.e...
– IndianHistory of IndiaThe history of India begins with evidence of human activity of Homo sapiens as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization, which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from...
network of secret fraternities engaged in murdering and robbing travellers.
Russian
- Nightingale the RobberNightingale the RobberNightingale the Robber or Solovei the Brigand , also known as Solovey Odikhmantievich , was an epic robber from bylinas poetry of Kievan Rus'....
– myth - Yermak TimofeyevichYermak TimofeyevichYermak Timofeyevich , Cossack leader, Russian folk hero and explorer of Siberia. His exploration of Siberia marked the beginning of the expansion of Russia towards this region and its colonization...
– 16th century CossackCossackCossacks are a group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in what is today Ukraine and Southern Russia inhabiting sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper and Don basins and who played an important role in the...
outlaw and explorer - Stenka RazinStenka RazinStepan Timofeyevich Razin Тимофеевич Разин, ; 1630 – ) was a Cossack leader who led a major uprising against the nobility and Tsar's bureaucracy in South Russia.-Early life:...
– Cossack leader - Yemelyan Pugachov – pretender to the Russian throne
Spanish
- Diego Corrientes MateosDiego Corrientes MateosDiego Corrientes Mateos was a Spanish bandit famous for his generosity to the poor.He was born in Utrera, Seville on August 20, 1757 and died by hanging in the same city in 1781....
AndalusiaAndalusiaAndalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
n (1757–1781) - El GuapoEl GuapoEl Guapo can refer to:* El Guapo , a comic book character and a member of the superhero team X-Statix.* El Guapo, Miranda State, a town located at Miranda State, Venezuela....
AndalusiaAndalusiaAndalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
n (born 1546) who is reputed to be the source for part one chapter 22 of Don Quixote by Cervantes.
Turkish
- İnce MemedInce Memed tetralogyThe İnce Memed tetralogy is a series of four epic novels written by the Turkish novelist Yaşar Kemal. The novels follow the life and career of Memed, the only son of a poor widow who escapes from his village in the Anatolian highlands and transforms himself into a legendary, Robin Hood-like figure,...
, a legendary fictional character by Yaşar KemalYasar KemalYaşar Kemal, is a Turkish writer. He is one of Turkey's leading writers. He has long been a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature, on the strength of Memed, My Hawk.... - Atçalı Kel Mehmet EfeAtçali Kel Mehmet EfeAtçalı Kel Mehmet Efe was a Zeybek, who led a local revolt against Ottoman authority and established control of the Aydın region for a short period between 1829 and 1830 .-Early Ages:...
, an outlaw who led a local revolt against Ottoman EmpireOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries... - Çakırcalı Mehmet EfeÇakircali Mehmet EfeÇakırcalı Mehmet Efe was a Zeybek, who was active as an outlaw in the region enclosing İzmir, Aydın, Denizli, Muğla and Antalya in modern western Turkey, from 1893 to 1910...
, one of the most powerful outlaws of late OttomanOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
era
Others
- Tadas BlindaTadas BlindaTadas Blinda was a Lithuanian folk hero of the 19th century. He was a subject of several popular books, plays, and movies and is often compared to Robin Hood.-Biography:...
, in LithuaniaLithuaniaLithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark... - Juraj JánošíkJuraj JánošíkJuraj Jánošík was a famous Slovak Carpathian Highwayman....
, in SlovakiaSlovakiaThe Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south... - Johann Georg GraselJohann Georg GraselJohann Georg Grasel was a leader of robber's gang. His name is used in Czech language as common term for rascal or villain until now....
, in MoraviaMoraviaMoravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region... - Andrij SavkaAndrij SavkaAndrij Savka is a Lemko bandit and folk hero from Dukla. He was born in 1619 in Stebník. In 1651, he led 500 men as part of a peasant revolt known as the Kostka-Napierski Uprising. He was the son of a church cantor, and had some education.-References:...
, in LemkivshchynaLemkivshchynaLemkivshchyna sometimes called Lemkovyna, Lemkivshchyna, Lemkovshchina or Łemkowszczyzna, is the region traditionally inhabited by the Lemkos. It forms an ethnographic peninsula 140 km long and 25–50 km wide from the Ukrainian border within Polish and Slovak territory...
; defender of the Lemkos against Polish and Hungarian nobility