Passive electronically scanned array
Encyclopedia
A passive electronically scanned array (PESA), contrary to its active counterpart AESA, is a phased array
which has a central radiofrequency source (such as a magnetron, a klystron
or a travelling wave tube), sending energy into (usually digitally controlled) phase shift module
s, which then send energy into the various emitting elements in the front of the antenna
. AESA devices, in contrast, have each of their elements contain its own radiofrequency source. A PESA radar is therefore simpler to construct than an AESA.
Most phased array radars in the world are PESA. Microwave Landing System
uses PESA transmit-only arrays.
Phased array
In wave theory, a phased array is an array of antennas in which the relative phases of the respective signals feeding the antennas are varied in such a way that the effective radiation pattern of the array is reinforced in a desired direction and suppressed in undesired directions.An antenna array...
which has a central radiofrequency source (such as a magnetron, a klystron
Klystron
A klystron is a specialized linear-beam vacuum tube . Klystrons are used as amplifiers at microwave and radio frequencies to produce both low-power reference signals for superheterodyne radar receivers and to produce high-power carrier waves for communications and the driving force for modern...
or a travelling wave tube), sending energy into (usually digitally controlled) phase shift module
Phase shift module
thumb|right|A microwave Phase Shifter and Frequency Translator. Picture courtesy of A phase shifter is a microwave network which provides a controllable phase shift of the RF signal...
s, which then send energy into the various emitting elements in the front of the antenna
Antenna (radio)
An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
. AESA devices, in contrast, have each of their elements contain its own radiofrequency source. A PESA radar is therefore simpler to construct than an AESA.
Most phased array radars in the world are PESA. Microwave Landing System
Microwave landing system
A microwave landing system is an all-weather, precision landing system originally intended to replace or supplement instrument landing systems...
uses PESA transmit-only arrays.
List of PESA radars
- AN/MPQ-53
- AN/SPQ-11AN/SPQ-11The AN/SPQ-11 Cobra Judy is a PESA radar found on the Observation Island-class missile range instrumentation ship.It is used for space tracking, ballistic missiles tracking and other instrumentation....
Cobra Judy - AN/SPY-1AN/SPY-1The AN/SPY-1 is a US naval radar system manufactured by Lockheed Martin. The array is a passive electronically scanned system and is a key component of the Aegis Combat System. The system is computer controlled, using four complementary antennas to provide 360 degree coverage...
Aegis combat systemAegis combat systemThe Aegis Combat System is an integrated naval weapons system developed by the Missile and Surface Radar Division of RCA, and now produced by Lockheed Martin... - AN/TPQ-36 and AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radars
- AN/TPS-59AN/TPS-59The AN/TPS-59 is a phased array, 3-dimensional, transportable air search radar.The radar uses electronical beam steering in elevation and mechanical steering in azimuth.It is similar to the AN/FPS-117.-GE-592 radar:...
- AN/APY-1/2 E-3 SentryE-3 SentryThe Boeing E-3 Sentry is an airborne warning and control system developed by Boeing as the prime contractor. Derived from the Boeing 707, it provides all-weather surveillance, command, control and communications, and is used by the United States Air Force , NATO, Royal Air Force , French Air Force...
- AN/APQ-164 B-1BB-1 LancerThe Rockwell B-1 LancerThe name "Lancer" is only applied to the B-1B version, after the program was revived. is a four-engine variable-sweep wing strategic bomber used by the United States Air Force...
(Northrop GrummanNorthrop GrummanNorthrop Grumman Corporation is an American global aerospace and defense technology company formed by the 1994 purchase of Grumman by Northrop. The company was the fourth-largest defense contractor in the world as of 2010, and the largest builder of naval vessels. Northrop Grumman employs over...
formerly Westinghouse ESG) - AN/APQ-181 B-2 SpiritB-2 SpiritThe Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit is an American heavy bomber with low observable stealth technology designed to penetrate dense anti-aircraft defenses and deploy both conventional and nuclear weapons. The bomber has a crew of two and can drop up to eighty -class JDAM GPS-guided bombs, or sixteen ...
- Flap Lid and Tomb Stone for the SA-10 and SA-20SA-20SA20 or SA-20 may be:* S-300 #S-300PMU-1/2 * Autovía SA-20 Motorway in Spain...
systems respectively - Rajendra RadarRajendra RadarRajendra is a passive Phased Array Radar developed by the Indian DRDO. It is a multifunction radar, capable of surveillance, tracking and engaging low radar cross section targets...
- Zaslon, first-ever electronically scanned radar in a fighter jet (MIG-31)
- N035 Irbis (see Sukhoi Su-35BM)
- RBE2RBE2The RBE2 is a multirole radar developed during the 90s for the French Rafale combat aircraft.The RBE2 uses a passive electronically scanned array ....
(Rafale) - NIIP N011M BarsBars radarThe Bars are a family of Russian all-weather multimode airborne radars developed by the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design for multi-role combat aircraft such as the Su-27 and the MiG-29.-Description:...
for SU-30MKI - Leninets V004 (Su-34Sukhoi Su-34The Sukhoi Su-34 is a Russian twin-seat fighter-bomber. It is intended to replace the Sukhoi Su-24.- Beginnings and testing :The Su-34 had a somewhat muddied and protracted beginning...
)
See also
- Active electronically scanned arrayActive Electronically Scanned ArrayAn Active Electronically Scanned Array , also known as active phased array radar is a type of phased array radar whose transmitter and receiver functions are composed of numerous small solid-state transmit/receive modules . AESAs aim their "beam" by broadcasting radio energy that interfere...
- Phased arrayPhased arrayIn wave theory, a phased array is an array of antennas in which the relative phases of the respective signals feeding the antennas are varied in such a way that the effective radiation pattern of the array is reinforced in a desired direction and suppressed in undesired directions.An antenna array...
- RadarRadarRadar is an object-detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio...
- Receiver (radio)Receiver (radio)A radio receiver converts signals from a radio antenna to a usable form. It uses electronic filters to separate a wanted radio frequency signal from all other signals, the electronic amplifier increases the level suitable for further processing, and finally recovers the desired information through...
- TransmitterTransmitterIn electronics and telecommunications a transmitter or radio transmitter is an electronic device which, with the aid of an antenna, produces radio waves. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna. When excited by this alternating...