Point to Point Lee Model
Encyclopedia
{Unreferenced|date=November 2010}
Lee Model for Point-to-Point Mode is a radio propagation model
that operates around 900 MHz. Built as two different modes, this model includes an adjustment factor that can be adjusted to make the model more flexible to different regions of propagation.
where,
L = The median
path loss
. Unit: decibel
(dB)
L0 = The reference path loss along 1 km. Unit: decibel (dB)
= The slope
of the path loss curve. Unit: decibels per decade
d = The distance on which the path loss is to be calculated. Unit: kilometer (km)
FA = Adjustment factor.
HET = Effective height of terrain. Unit: meter(m)
is usually computed along a 1 km or 1 mi link. Any other suitable length of path can be chosen based on the applications.
where,
GB = Base station
antenna gain
. Unit: Decibel
with respect to isotropic antenna (dBi)
= Wavelength
. Unit: meter (m).
GM = Mobile station
antenna gain. Unit: decibel with respect to isotropic antenna (dBi).
where,
FBH = Base station
antenna height correction factor.
FBG = Base station
antenna gain correction factor.
FMH = Mobile station
antenna height correction factor.
FMG = Mobile station
antenna gain correction factor.
FF = Frequency
correction factor
where,
hB = Base station
antenna height. Unit: meter.
where,
GB = Base station
antenna gain
. Unit: decibel with respect to half wave dipole (dBd)
where,
hM = Mobile station
antenna height. Unit: meter.
where,
GM = Mobile station
antenna gain
. Unit:Decibel
with respect to half wave dipole antenna (dBd).
where,
f = Frequency
. Unit: megahertz (MHz)
Lee Model for Point-to-Point Mode is a radio propagation model
Radio propagation model
A radio propagation model, also known as the Radio Wave Propagation Model or the Radio Frequency Propagation Model, is an empirical mathematical formulation for the characterization of radio wave propagation as a function of frequency, distance and other conditions...
that operates around 900 MHz. Built as two different modes, this model includes an adjustment factor that can be adjusted to make the model more flexible to different regions of propagation.
Applicable to/under conditions
This model is suitable for using in data collected in a specific area for Point to Point links.The model
The Lee Model for point to point mode is formally expressed as:where,
L = The median
Median
In probability theory and statistics, a median is described as the numerical value separating the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to...
path loss
Path loss
Path loss is the reduction in power density of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space. Path loss is a major component in the analysis and design of the link budget of a telecommunication system....
. Unit: decibel
Decibel
The decibel is a logarithmic unit that indicates the ratio of a physical quantity relative to a specified or implied reference level. A ratio in decibels is ten times the logarithm to base 10 of the ratio of two power quantities...
(dB)
L0 = The reference path loss along 1 km. Unit: decibel (dB)
= The slopeSlope
In mathematics, the slope or gradient of a line describes its steepness, incline, or grade. A higher slope value indicates a steeper incline....
of the path loss curve. Unit: decibels per decade
d = The distance on which the path loss is to be calculated. Unit: kilometer (km)
FA = Adjustment factor.
HET = Effective height of terrain. Unit: meter(m)
Calculation of reference path loss
The reference path lossPath loss
Path loss is the reduction in power density of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space. Path loss is a major component in the analysis and design of the link budget of a telecommunication system....
is usually computed along a 1 km or 1 mi link. Any other suitable length of path can be chosen based on the applications.
where,
GB = Base station
Base station
The term base station can be used in the context of land surveying and wireless communications.- Land surveying :In the context of external land surveying, a base station is a GPS receiver at an accurately-known fixed location which is used to derive correction information for nearby portable GPS...
antenna gain
Antenna gain
In electromagnetics, an antenna's power gain or simply gain is a key performance figure which combines the antenna's directivity and electrical efficiency. As a transmitting antenna, the figure describes how well the antenna converts input power into radio waves headed in a specified direction...
. Unit: Decibel
Decibel
The decibel is a logarithmic unit that indicates the ratio of a physical quantity relative to a specified or implied reference level. A ratio in decibels is ten times the logarithm to base 10 of the ratio of two power quantities...
with respect to isotropic antenna (dBi)
= WavelengthWavelength
In physics, the wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.It is usually determined by considering the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase, such as crests, troughs, or zero crossings, and is a...
. Unit: meter (m).
GM = Mobile station
Mobile Station
The mobile station comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a mobile network.The mobile station refers to global system connected to the mobile network, i.e. mobile phone or mobile computer connected using a mobile broadband adapter. This is the terminology of 2G...
antenna gain. Unit: decibel with respect to isotropic antenna (dBi).
Calculation of adjustment factors
The adjustment factor is calculated as:where,
FBH = Base station
Base station
The term base station can be used in the context of land surveying and wireless communications.- Land surveying :In the context of external land surveying, a base station is a GPS receiver at an accurately-known fixed location which is used to derive correction information for nearby portable GPS...
antenna height correction factor.
FBG = Base station
Base station
The term base station can be used in the context of land surveying and wireless communications.- Land surveying :In the context of external land surveying, a base station is a GPS receiver at an accurately-known fixed location which is used to derive correction information for nearby portable GPS...
antenna gain correction factor.
FMH = Mobile station
Mobile Station
The mobile station comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a mobile network.The mobile station refers to global system connected to the mobile network, i.e. mobile phone or mobile computer connected using a mobile broadband adapter. This is the terminology of 2G...
antenna height correction factor.
FMG = Mobile station
Mobile Station
The mobile station comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a mobile network.The mobile station refers to global system connected to the mobile network, i.e. mobile phone or mobile computer connected using a mobile broadband adapter. This is the terminology of 2G...
antenna gain correction factor.
FF = Frequency
Frequency
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency...
correction factor
The base station antenna height correction factor
where,
hB = Base station
Base station
The term base station can be used in the context of land surveying and wireless communications.- Land surveying :In the context of external land surveying, a base station is a GPS receiver at an accurately-known fixed location which is used to derive correction information for nearby portable GPS...
antenna height. Unit: meter.
The base station antenna gain correction factor
where,
GB = Base station
Base station
The term base station can be used in the context of land surveying and wireless communications.- Land surveying :In the context of external land surveying, a base station is a GPS receiver at an accurately-known fixed location which is used to derive correction information for nearby portable GPS...
antenna gain
Antenna gain
In electromagnetics, an antenna's power gain or simply gain is a key performance figure which combines the antenna's directivity and electrical efficiency. As a transmitting antenna, the figure describes how well the antenna converts input power into radio waves headed in a specified direction...
. Unit: decibel with respect to half wave dipole (dBd)
The mobile station antenna height correction factor
where,
hM = Mobile station
Mobile Station
The mobile station comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a mobile network.The mobile station refers to global system connected to the mobile network, i.e. mobile phone or mobile computer connected using a mobile broadband adapter. This is the terminology of 2G...
antenna height. Unit: meter.
The mobile antenna gain correction factor
where,
GM = Mobile station
Mobile Station
The mobile station comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a mobile network.The mobile station refers to global system connected to the mobile network, i.e. mobile phone or mobile computer connected using a mobile broadband adapter. This is the terminology of 2G...
antenna gain
Antenna gain
In electromagnetics, an antenna's power gain or simply gain is a key performance figure which combines the antenna's directivity and electrical efficiency. As a transmitting antenna, the figure describes how well the antenna converts input power into radio waves headed in a specified direction...
. Unit:Decibel
Decibel
The decibel is a logarithmic unit that indicates the ratio of a physical quantity relative to a specified or implied reference level. A ratio in decibels is ten times the logarithm to base 10 of the ratio of two power quantities...
with respect to half wave dipole antenna (dBd).
The frequency correction factor
where,
f = Frequency
Frequency
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency...
. Unit: megahertz (MHz)
Effective terrain slope calculation
This is computed in the following way:- Extrapolate terrain slope at the mobile station to the base station.
- Compute the vertical antenna height over the extrapolation line.
See also
- Hata Model for Urban AreasHata Model for Urban AreasIn wireless communication, the Hata Model for Urban Areas, also known as the Okumura-Hata model for being a developed version of the Okumura Model, is the most widely used radio frequency propagation model for predicting the behaviour of cellular transmissions in built up areas...
- Hata Model for Suburban AreasHata Model for Suburban AreasThe Hata Model for Suburban Areas, also known as the Okumura-Hata model for being a developed version of the Okumura Model, is the most widely used model in radio frequency propagation for predicting the behavior of cellular transmissions in city outskirts and other rural areas...
- Hata Model for Open AreasHata Model for Open AreasThe Hata Model for Open Areas, also known as the Okumura-Hata model for being a developed version of the Okumura Model, is the most widely used model in radio frequency propagation for predicting the behavior of cellular transmissions in open areas. This model incorporates the graphical information...
- Okumura Model for Urban Areas
- COST 231 ModelCost 231 ModelThe COST-Hata-Model is the most often cited of the COST 231 models. Also called the Hata Model PCS Extension, it is a radio propagation model that extends the Hata Model to cover a more elaborated range of frequencies...
- Young ModelYoung ModelYoung model is a radio propagation model that was built on the data collected on New York City. It typically models the behaviour of cellular communication systems in large cities.-Applicable to/under conditions:...
- Area to Area Lee ModelArea to Area Lee ModelLee Model for Area-to-Area Mode is a Radio propagation model that operates around 900 MHz. Built as two different modes, this model includes an adjustment factor that can be adjusted to make the model more flexible to different regions of propagation....