Polkowo, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Encyclopedia
Polkowo p is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sztabin
, within Augustów County
, province of Podlaskie Voivodeship
, in north-eastern Poland
.
It lies on the Netta River
, 2 "viorsts" (approximately 2 kilometers) from the outlet to the Biebrza
river. The village stands on one of the few small dry islands emerging from the extensive muddy banks of the Biebzra and the Netta rivers. Polkowo is 28 "viorsts" from Augustów
.
and Crimean Tatar
slave-raiding. A Suwałki County official issued a decree from the city of Rajgrod
(northwest of Polkowo) granting peasants Mark (Markowie) and Elizabeth (Elzbiece) Konoza (Konozie) the right to settle on the hillock
of Polikow (later referred to as the village of Polkowo) near the river Biebrza (current day Biebrza National Park
).
from Warsaw
confirming the initial land grant
1587 ° Boundaries of Polkowo were determined to be 5 wlok (approximately 150 acres)
September 13, 1639 ° Rajgrod
court lowered rent for land from 50 to 10 Polish zloty
1661 ° Land grant reaffirmed by King Kazimierz
1664 ° Descendants thrived and multiplied consisting of five families
of the royal estates chose to impose on the citizens of Polkowo demands for labor, additional payments and higher rents; these citizens initiated a lawsuit
(litigants included Mateusz and Marianna Kawalkow Konoza) in the royal court which took several years to resolve; allegations were that the landlord conducted raids of the village, taking oxen, horses and personal possessions; they were also accused of assaults.
In 1778 the court sent a special commission to investigate, which found for the villagers and relieved them of additional requirements. An appeal suspended the ruling.
In 1781 a subsequent commission again held for the villagers, but their lease payments were increased to 200 Polish zloty
; "Polkowianie" (the people of Polkowo) at that time consisted of 20 hamlets. In the late eighteenth century the villages of Polkowo, Kopytkowo and Jasionowo
, were collectively referred to as [the district of] Bojary
.
In 1827, Polkowo consisted of 29 homes and 170 inhabitants, and in 1888 it had 37 homes, 361 inhabitants.
Gmina Sztabin
Gmina Sztabin is a rural gmina in Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Sztabin, which lies approximately south-east of Augustów and north of the regional capital Białystok....
, within Augustów County
Augustów County
Augustów County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest...
, province of Podlaskie Voivodeship
Podlaskie Voivodeship
Podlaskie Voivodeship , is a voivodeship in northeastern Poland. It borders on Masovian Voivodeship to the west, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship to the northwest, Lublin Voivodeship to the south, the Belarusssian Voblasts of Grodno and Brest to the east, the Lithuanian Counties of Alytus and...
, in north-eastern Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
.
It lies on the Netta River
Netta River
The Netta is a river in north-east Poland, a right tributary of the Biebrza, approximately long. It is a continuation of the Rospuda, which flows into Lake Rospuda north of the town of Augustów...
, 2 "viorsts" (approximately 2 kilometers) from the outlet to the Biebrza
Biebrza
Biebrza is a river in north-eastern Poland, a tributary of the Narew river , with a length of 155 kilometres and the basin area of 7,057 km2...
river. The village stands on one of the few small dry islands emerging from the extensive muddy banks of the Biebzra and the Netta rivers. Polkowo is 28 "viorsts" from Augustów
Augustów
Augustów is a town in north-eastern Poland with 29,600 inhabitants . It lies on the Netta River and the Augustów Canal. It is situated in the Podlaskie Voivodeship , having previously been in Suwałki Voivodeship . It is the seat of Augustów County and of Gmina Augustów.In 1970 Augustów became...
.
History
The village was founded on June 23, 1582 during the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian CommonwealthPolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
and Crimean Tatar
Crimean Khanate
Crimean Khanate, or Khanate of Crimea , was a state ruled by Crimean Tatars from 1441 to 1783. Its native name was . Its khans were the patrilineal descendants of Toqa Temür, the thirteenth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan...
slave-raiding. A Suwałki County official issued a decree from the city of Rajgrod
Rajgród
Rajgród is a town in Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland, with 1,680 inhabitants ....
(northwest of Polkowo) granting peasants Mark (Markowie) and Elizabeth (Elzbiece) Konoza (Konozie) the right to settle on the hillock
Hillock
A hillock or knoll is a small hill, usually separated from a larger group of hills such as a range. Hillocks are similar in their distribution and size to small mesas or buttes. The term is largely a British one...
of Polikow (later referred to as the village of Polkowo) near the river Biebrza (current day Biebrza National Park
Biebrza National Park
Biebrza National Park is a national park in Podlaskie Voivodeship, northeastern Poland, situated along the Biebrza River.The largest of Poland’s 23 National Parks, the Biebrza National Park was created on September 9, 1993...
).
Additional chronology
May 3, 1585 ° Queen Anna issued a decreeDecree
A decree is a rule of law issued by a head of state , according to certain procedures . It has the force of law...
from Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
confirming the initial land grant
Land grant
A land grant is a gift of real estate – land or its privileges – made by a government or other authority as a reward for services to an individual, especially in return for military service...
1587 ° Boundaries of Polkowo were determined to be 5 wlok (approximately 150 acres)
September 13, 1639 ° Rajgrod
Rajgród
Rajgród is a town in Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland, with 1,680 inhabitants ....
court lowered rent for land from 50 to 10 Polish zloty
Polish zloty
The złoty , which literally means "golden", is the currency of Poland. The modern złoty is subdivided into 100 groszy . The recognized English form of the word is zloty, plural zloty or zlotys...
1661 ° Land grant reaffirmed by King Kazimierz
1664 ° Descendants thrived and multiplied consisting of five families
Conflict
In 1777 an armed conflict arose when a landlordLandlord
A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called a tenant . When a juristic person is in this position, the term landlord is used. Other terms include lessor and owner...
of the royal estates chose to impose on the citizens of Polkowo demands for labor, additional payments and higher rents; these citizens initiated a lawsuit
Lawsuit
A lawsuit or "suit in law" is a civil action brought in a court of law in which a plaintiff, a party who claims to have incurred loss as a result of a defendant's actions, demands a legal or equitable remedy. The defendant is required to respond to the plaintiff's complaint...
(litigants included Mateusz and Marianna Kawalkow Konoza) in the royal court which took several years to resolve; allegations were that the landlord conducted raids of the village, taking oxen, horses and personal possessions; they were also accused of assaults.
In 1778 the court sent a special commission to investigate, which found for the villagers and relieved them of additional requirements. An appeal suspended the ruling.
In 1781 a subsequent commission again held for the villagers, but their lease payments were increased to 200 Polish zloty
Polish zloty
The złoty , which literally means "golden", is the currency of Poland. The modern złoty is subdivided into 100 groszy . The recognized English form of the word is zloty, plural zloty or zlotys...
; "Polkowianie" (the people of Polkowo) at that time consisted of 20 hamlets. In the late eighteenth century the villages of Polkowo, Kopytkowo and Jasionowo
Jasionowo
Jasionowo may refer to the following places:*Jasionowo, Augustów County in Podlaskie Voivodeship *Jasionowo, Gmina Rutka-Tartak in Podlaskie Voivodeship...
, were collectively referred to as [the district of] Bojary
Bojary (disambiguation)
Bojary is a district of Białystok, Poland.Bojary may also refer to the following villages:*Bojary, Podlaskie Voivodeship *Bojary, Lublin Voivodeship *Bojary, Masovian Voivodeship...
.
In 1827, Polkowo consisted of 29 homes and 170 inhabitants, and in 1888 it had 37 homes, 361 inhabitants.