Pudong
Encyclopedia
Pudong is an area of Shanghai
, China
, located along the east side of the Huangpu River
, across from the historic city center of Shanghai in Puxi
. Formerly a little-developed agricultural area linked only by ferries, Pudong has grown rapidly since the 1990s and emerged as China's financial and commercial hub. It is principally administered as the Pudong New Area, a district of Shanghai.
Pudong is home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone
and the Shanghai Stock Exchange
and many of Shanghai's best-known buildings, such as the Oriental Pearl Tower
, the Jin Mao Building
, the Shanghai World Financial Center
. It is also the site of the future Shanghai Tower. These modern skyscrapers face directly across from Puxi
's historic Bund
, the remnant of Shanghai's former concessions
.
were administered by its districts, including Huangpu
, Yangpu
, and the former Nanshi District. The rest of the area was administered by Chuansha County.
In 1993, the Chinese government decided to set up a Special Economic Zone
in Chuansha, creating the Pudong New Area. The western tip of the Pudong district was designated as the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone
and proposed to become the new financial hub of modern China. Several landmark buildings were constructed in Lujiazui to raise the image and awareness of the area. These include the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Building, and the supertall Shanghai World Financial Center. At 494 m, the last will be the tallest building in China until the completion of the nearby Shanghai Tower, projected to reach 565.6 m in 2014.
On May 6, 2009, it was disclosed that the State Council
had approved the proposal to merge Nanhui District
to Pudong. the Pudong New Area comprises the majority of land in eastern Shanghai.
of Shanghai are administratively on the same level as prefecture-level cities
. However, the government of Pudong has a status equivalent to that of a sub-provincial city
, which is a half-level above a prefecture-level city. This is due to Pudong's size and importance as the financial hub of China.
in the west and the East China Sea
in the east. Pudong is distinguished from Puxi
("West Bank"), the older part of Shanghai
. It has an area of 1210.4 km² and according to the 2010 Census
, a population of 5,044,430 inhabitants, 1.9 million more than in 2000. Currently, at least 2.1 million of residents of Pudong are newcomers from other provinces or cities in China.
amounts to an estimated 370 billion RMB (US$53.98 billion), roughly equal to that of Slovenia
. Its GDP per capita is therefore around US$16,938. The area's aggregate GDP has now surpassed that of six provincial-level entities.
The area is divided into four distinct economic districts. Apart from Lujiazui
Trade and Finance Zone, there is Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, the largest free trade zone in mainland China
covering approximately 10 km² in north-east Pudong. The Jinqiao Export Processing Zone is another major industrial area in Pudong covering 19 km². Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park
is a special area for technology-oriented businesses, covering 17 km² in central Pudong.
The Pudong area continues to experience rapid development, especially in the commercial sector, with 1.3 million square meters of prime office space reaching completion in 2008, more than the previous two years combined.
Pudong has also attracted considerable fixed asset and real estate investment, reporting 87.268 billion RMB in fixed asset investment and 27.997 billion RMB in real estate investment in 2008.
The newest Disney Theme Park is now under construction in Pudong. It is planned to be operational by 2013.
Hang Seng Bank
has its mainland offices in the Hang Seng Bank Tower in Pudong. Kroll
has an office in the Hang Seng Bank Tower.
opened its doors in 1999, shortening the travel time for visitors.
In the same year, Line 2 of the Shanghai Metro
commenced services. An extension brought the line further east, where it serves the airport
. Other lines, namely Lines 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 and 13 also have sections that serve parts of Pudong. A magnetic levitation train
began operating in 2004, moving passengers between the airport and Longyang Road Metro station.
Pudong is connected to Puxi
by several tunnels and four major bridge
s. The first of these bridges were the Nanpu Bridge
(1991) and the Yangpu Bridge
(1993). The Xupu Bridge
opened in 1996. The latest of these is Lupu Bridge
, which is the world's second longest arch bridge
and was completed in 2002. Currently there are five tunnels that link the two sides, Dapu Rd. Tunnel, the first tunnel across the Huangpu River, Yan'an Rd. Tunnel, running east-west, and Dalian Rd. Tunnel, running north-south, Fuxing Rd. Tunnel, complementing the Yan'an Rd. Tunnel, Waihuan Tunnel, one part of Shanghai Outer Ring Express. Two new tunnels linking Lujiazui
to Puxi
are under construction.
Roads in Pudong have no particular longitudinal or latitudinal orientation. Major thoroughfares Pudong Avenue, Zhangyang Road and Yanggao Road run east-west until Yangpu Bridge
before turning gradually to become north-south. Century Avenue crosses all three major roads and extends from Lujiazui
to Century Park. Yanggao Road extends south to the A20, Shanghai's outer Ring road, which runs east-west from Xupu Bridge
and then north-south beginning at the interchange near Renxi Village, when the east-west expressway turns into Yingbin Avenue, headed for Pudong International Airport.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, located along the east side of the Huangpu River
Huangpu River
The Huangpu River is a -long river in China flowing through Shanghai...
, across from the historic city center of Shanghai in Puxi
Puxi
Puxi is the historic center of Shanghai, China, and remains the home of approximately 48% of Shanghai's residents in an area of 288 km². Puxi is distinguished from Pudong to its east, which is separated from it by the Huangpu River...
. Formerly a little-developed agricultural area linked only by ferries, Pudong has grown rapidly since the 1990s and emerged as China's financial and commercial hub. It is principally administered as the Pudong New Area, a district of Shanghai.
Pudong is home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone
Lujiazui
Lujiazui is an important financial district in Pudong, Shanghai. In 2005 the State Council reaffirmed the positioning of the 31.78 km² Lujiazui area, as the only finance and trade zone among the 185 state-level development zones in mainland China.-Economy:...
and the Shanghai Stock Exchange
Shanghai Stock Exchange
The Shanghai Stock Exchange , abbreviated as 上证所/上證所 or 上交所, is a stock exchange that is based in the city of Shanghai, China. It is one of the two stock exchanges operating independently in the People's Republic of China, the other is the Shenzhen Stock Exchange...
and many of Shanghai's best-known buildings, such as the Oriental Pearl Tower
Oriental Pearl Tower
The Oriental Pearl Tower is a TV tower in Shanghai, China. The Oriental Pearl Tower is located at the tip of Lujiazui in the Pudong district, by the side of Huangpu River, opposite of The Bund....
, the Jin Mao Building
Jin Mao Building
The Jin Mao Tower is an 88-story landmark supertall skyscraper in the Lujiazui area of the Pudong district of Shanghai, People's Republic of China. It contains offices and the Shanghai Grand Hyatt hotel. Until 2007 it was the tallest building in the PRC, the fifth tallest in the world by roof...
, the Shanghai World Financial Center
Shanghai World Financial Center
The most distinctive feature in the design of the building is an aperture at the peak. The original design specified a circular aperture, in diameter, to reduce the stresses of wind pressure, as well as serve as a subtext for the design, since "Chinese mythology represents the earth with a square...
. It is also the site of the future Shanghai Tower. These modern skyscrapers face directly across from Puxi
Puxi
Puxi is the historic center of Shanghai, China, and remains the home of approximately 48% of Shanghai's residents in an area of 288 km². Puxi is distinguished from Pudong to its east, which is separated from it by the Huangpu River...
's historic Bund
The Bund
The Bund is a waterfront area in central Shanghai, People's Republic of China. The area centres on a section of Zhongshan Road within the former Shanghai International Settlement, which runs along the western bank of the Huangpu River, facing Pudong, in the eastern part of Huangpu District...
, the remnant of Shanghai's former concessions
Concessions in China
Concessions in China were a group of concession territories within China that were governed and occupied by foreign powers. They are frequently associated with colonialism. Most had extraterritoriality and were enclaves inside key cities that were treaty ports. Other than other minor...
.
History
Pudong refers to the land in the east of Huangpu River. Originally, the area was mainly farmland and countryside with some warehouses and wharfs near the shore. The parts closest to PuxiPuxi
Puxi is the historic center of Shanghai, China, and remains the home of approximately 48% of Shanghai's residents in an area of 288 km². Puxi is distinguished from Pudong to its east, which is separated from it by the Huangpu River...
were administered by its districts, including Huangpu
Huangpu District, Shanghai
Huangpu District , is one of Shanghai's 18 districts and makes up the eastern part of Shanghai's traditional urban core. Today's Huangpu District is sometimes referred to as "new Huangpu" to distinguish it from the pre-merger Huangpu District which existed before 2000. In 2000, the pre-merger...
, Yangpu
Yangpu District
Yangpu District , meaning "Poplar Bank", is one of the 19 districts in Shanghai. It is located in the northeast of Shanghai, bordering the Huangpu River on the east and south, Hongkou District on the west and Baoshan District in the north. The southern part of Yangpu District is only away from the...
, and the former Nanshi District. The rest of the area was administered by Chuansha County.
In 1993, the Chinese government decided to set up a Special Economic Zone
Special Economic Zone
A Special Economic Zone is a geographical region that has economic and other laws that are more free-market-oriented than a country's typical or national laws...
in Chuansha, creating the Pudong New Area. The western tip of the Pudong district was designated as the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone
Lujiazui
Lujiazui is an important financial district in Pudong, Shanghai. In 2005 the State Council reaffirmed the positioning of the 31.78 km² Lujiazui area, as the only finance and trade zone among the 185 state-level development zones in mainland China.-Economy:...
and proposed to become the new financial hub of modern China. Several landmark buildings were constructed in Lujiazui to raise the image and awareness of the area. These include the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Building, and the supertall Shanghai World Financial Center. At 494 m, the last will be the tallest building in China until the completion of the nearby Shanghai Tower, projected to reach 565.6 m in 2014.
On May 6, 2009, it was disclosed that the State Council
State Council of the People's Republic of China
The State Council of the People's Republic of China , which is largely synonymous with the Central People's Government after 1954, is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China. It is chaired by the Premier and includes the heads of each governmental department and agency...
had approved the proposal to merge Nanhui District
Nanhui District
Nanhui District , formerly Nanhui County, was a district of Shanghai, China's largest city, until its merger with Pudong in May 2009. It had a land area of about 809.5 km² and 59.5 kilometers coastline. The population of Nanhui was 975,017 as of 2006...
to Pudong. the Pudong New Area comprises the majority of land in eastern Shanghai.
Government
Districts of the direct-controlled municipalityDirect-controlled municipality
A direct-controlled municipality is the highest level classification for cities used by unitary state, with status equal to that of the provinces in the respective countries...
of Shanghai are administratively on the same level as prefecture-level cities
Prefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
. However, the government of Pudong has a status equivalent to that of a sub-provincial city
Sub-provincial city
A sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China, is like a prefecture-level city that is ruled by a province, but is administered independently in regard to economy and law....
, which is a half-level above a prefecture-level city. This is due to Pudong's size and importance as the financial hub of China.
Geography and Population
Pudong literally means "East Bank". Pudong is bounded by the Huangpu RiverHuangpu River
The Huangpu River is a -long river in China flowing through Shanghai...
in the west and the East China Sea
East China Sea
The East China Sea is a marginal sea east of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of 1,249,000 km² or 750,000 square miles.-Geography:...
in the east. Pudong is distinguished from Puxi
Puxi
Puxi is the historic center of Shanghai, China, and remains the home of approximately 48% of Shanghai's residents in an area of 288 km². Puxi is distinguished from Pudong to its east, which is separated from it by the Huangpu River...
("West Bank"), the older part of Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
. It has an area of 1210.4 km² and according to the 2010 Census
Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China
The Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, also referred to as the 2010 Chinese Census, was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of November 1, 2010....
, a population of 5,044,430 inhabitants, 1.9 million more than in 2000. Currently, at least 2.1 million of residents of Pudong are newcomers from other provinces or cities in China.
Economy
With the Nanhui District merger in May 2009, Pudong's new gross domestic productGross domestic product
Gross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
amounts to an estimated 370 billion RMB (US$53.98 billion), roughly equal to that of Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
. Its GDP per capita is therefore around US$16,938. The area's aggregate GDP has now surpassed that of six provincial-level entities.
The area is divided into four distinct economic districts. Apart from Lujiazui
Lujiazui
Lujiazui is an important financial district in Pudong, Shanghai. In 2005 the State Council reaffirmed the positioning of the 31.78 km² Lujiazui area, as the only finance and trade zone among the 185 state-level development zones in mainland China.-Economy:...
Trade and Finance Zone, there is Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, the largest free trade zone in mainland China
Mainland China
Mainland China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term that refers to the area under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China . According to the Taipei-based Mainland Affairs Council, the term excludes the PRC Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and...
covering approximately 10 km² in north-east Pudong. The Jinqiao Export Processing Zone is another major industrial area in Pudong covering 19 km². Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park
Zhangjiang
Zhangjiang High-Tech is a technology park in Pudong, Shanghai. It is operated by Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Development Co., Ltd.As of 2005, there were 110 research and development institutions and 327 companies in the technology park.-History:...
is a special area for technology-oriented businesses, covering 17 km² in central Pudong.
The Pudong area continues to experience rapid development, especially in the commercial sector, with 1.3 million square meters of prime office space reaching completion in 2008, more than the previous two years combined.
Pudong has also attracted considerable fixed asset and real estate investment, reporting 87.268 billion RMB in fixed asset investment and 27.997 billion RMB in real estate investment in 2008.
The newest Disney Theme Park is now under construction in Pudong. It is planned to be operational by 2013.
Hang Seng Bank
Hang Seng Bank
Hang Seng Bank Limited is the second largest bank in Hong Kong. It is a listed company but it is majority owned by the HSBC Group via The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. Hang Seng is also one of the constituent shares of the Hang Seng Index...
has its mainland offices in the Hang Seng Bank Tower in Pudong. Kroll
Kroll
Kroll is a surname and may refer to:* Eric Kroll, American photographer* Fredric Kroll, , American composer and writer* Henryk Kroll, , Polish politician, leader of German minority in Poland...
has an office in the Hang Seng Bank Tower.
Transportation
The Shanghai Pudong International AirportShanghai Pudong International Airport
Shanghai Pudong International Airport is the primary international airport serving Shanghai, China, and a major aviation hub in Asia. The other major airport in Shanghai, Hongqiao, mainly serves domestic flights...
opened its doors in 1999, shortening the travel time for visitors.
In the same year, Line 2 of the Shanghai Metro
Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro is the urban rapid transit system of China's largest city, Shanghai. The system incorporates both subway and light rail lines. It opened in 1995, making Shanghai the third city in Mainland China, after Beijing and Tianjin, to have a rapid transit system...
commenced services. An extension brought the line further east, where it serves the airport
Shanghai Pudong International Airport
Shanghai Pudong International Airport is the primary international airport serving Shanghai, China, and a major aviation hub in Asia. The other major airport in Shanghai, Hongqiao, mainly serves domestic flights...
. Other lines, namely Lines 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 and 13 also have sections that serve parts of Pudong. A magnetic levitation train
Shanghai Maglev Train
The Shanghai Maglev Train or Shanghai Transrapid is a magnetic levitation train, or maglev line that operates in Shanghai, China. It is the first commercially operated high-speed magnetic levitation line in the world...
began operating in 2004, moving passengers between the airport and Longyang Road Metro station.
Puxi
Puxi is the historic center of Shanghai, China, and remains the home of approximately 48% of Shanghai's residents in an area of 288 km². Puxi is distinguished from Pudong to its east, which is separated from it by the Huangpu River...
by several tunnels and four major bridge
Bridge
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle...
s. The first of these bridges were the Nanpu Bridge
Nanpu bridge
The Nanpu Bridge ,in Shanghai, China, sister bridge to the Yangpu Bridge, is one of the main bridges in Shanghai.The cable-stayed bridge was designed by the Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute, Shanghai Urban Construction College, and Shanghai Urban Construction Design Institute, with...
(1991) and the Yangpu Bridge
Yangpu Bridge
The Yangpu Bridge , in Shanghai, China,sister bridge to Nanpu Bridge, is among the world's longest bridges, with a total length of 8354 meters. Its longest span of 602 m makes it the fourth largest cable-stayed bridge in the world. It carries the Inner Ring Road from the Yangpu District in Puxi to...
(1993). The Xupu Bridge
Xupu Bridge
The Xupu Bridge , is a cable-stayed bridge over the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, connecting the city's Xuhui and Pudong districts. It carries 8 lanes of the S20 expressway....
opened in 1996. The latest of these is Lupu Bridge
Lupu Bridge
The Lupu Bridge , is a through arch bridge over the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, connecting the city's Luwan and Pudong districts. It is the world's second longest arch bridge and steel arch bridge, after the Chaotianmen Bridge in Chongqing. The bridge, which cost 2.5 billion yuan , has a...
, which is the world's second longest arch bridge
Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side...
and was completed in 2002. Currently there are five tunnels that link the two sides, Dapu Rd. Tunnel, the first tunnel across the Huangpu River, Yan'an Rd. Tunnel, running east-west, and Dalian Rd. Tunnel, running north-south, Fuxing Rd. Tunnel, complementing the Yan'an Rd. Tunnel, Waihuan Tunnel, one part of Shanghai Outer Ring Express. Two new tunnels linking Lujiazui
Lujiazui
Lujiazui is an important financial district in Pudong, Shanghai. In 2005 the State Council reaffirmed the positioning of the 31.78 km² Lujiazui area, as the only finance and trade zone among the 185 state-level development zones in mainland China.-Economy:...
to Puxi
Puxi
Puxi is the historic center of Shanghai, China, and remains the home of approximately 48% of Shanghai's residents in an area of 288 km². Puxi is distinguished from Pudong to its east, which is separated from it by the Huangpu River...
are under construction.
Roads in Pudong have no particular longitudinal or latitudinal orientation. Major thoroughfares Pudong Avenue, Zhangyang Road and Yanggao Road run east-west until Yangpu Bridge
Yangpu Bridge
The Yangpu Bridge , in Shanghai, China,sister bridge to Nanpu Bridge, is among the world's longest bridges, with a total length of 8354 meters. Its longest span of 602 m makes it the fourth largest cable-stayed bridge in the world. It carries the Inner Ring Road from the Yangpu District in Puxi to...
before turning gradually to become north-south. Century Avenue crosses all three major roads and extends from Lujiazui
Lujiazui
Lujiazui is an important financial district in Pudong, Shanghai. In 2005 the State Council reaffirmed the positioning of the 31.78 km² Lujiazui area, as the only finance and trade zone among the 185 state-level development zones in mainland China.-Economy:...
to Century Park. Yanggao Road extends south to the A20, Shanghai's outer Ring road, which runs east-west from Xupu Bridge
Xupu Bridge
The Xupu Bridge , is a cable-stayed bridge over the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, connecting the city's Xuhui and Pudong districts. It carries 8 lanes of the S20 expressway....
and then north-south beginning at the interchange near Renxi Village, when the east-west expressway turns into Yingbin Avenue, headed for Pudong International Airport.
See also
- Binhai New AreaBinhai New AreaBinhai New Area ，short for Binhai is a major economic development zone within the jurisdiction of Tianjin municipality in China. Binhai New Area locates on the east coast of Tianjin and center of Circum-Bohai-Sea Region.Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in china, and maintain an annual growth...
（TianjinTianjin' is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government...
） - Beijing CBD
- Central, Hong KongCentral, Hong KongCentral is the central business district of Hong Kong. It is located in Central and Western District, on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, across Victoria Harbour from Tsim Sha Tsui, the southernmost point of Kowloon Peninsula...
- Nishi-shinjukuNishi-shinjukuis a skyscraper business district in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. This region was called before.Nishi-Shinjuku was Tokyo's first major foray into building skyscrapers with the first appearing in the 1970s with Keio Plaza Inter-Continental. Kenzo Tange's Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building being the...
(TokyoTokyo, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
) - Bankenviertel (Frankfurt am Main)Bankenviertel (Frankfurt am Main)The Bankenviertel is an area in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany.It is not an official city district but it is a commonly used designation to describe the not exactly defined area where most of Germanys major banks have their headquarters and where many foreign banks have their representation...
- La DefenseLa DéfenseLa Défense is a major business district of the Paris aire urbaine. With a population of 20,000, it is centered in an orbital motorway straddling the Hauts-de-Seine département municipalities of Nanterre, Courbevoie and Puteaux...
(ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
) - City of LondonCity of LondonThe City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...
(LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
) - ManhattanManhattanManhattan is the oldest and the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the state of New York...
(New YorkNew York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
) - Singapore CBD
- Financial DistrictFinancial District, TorontoThe Financial District is a business district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, within the downtown core. It was originally planned as New Town in 1796 as an extension of the Town of York . It is the main financial district in Toronto, and is the financial heart of Canada...
(TorontoTorontoToronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from...
) - Chicago LoopChicago LoopThe Loop or Chicago Loop is one of 77 officially designated Chicago community areas located in the City of Chicago, Illinois. It is the historic commercial center of downtown Chicago...