RTI-229
Encyclopedia
-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane-2β-pyrrolidine carboxamide (RTI-229) is a potent and long-lasting stimulant
drug which was developed in the 1990s as part of a large group of related analogues from the phenyltropane
family. With the combination of two potent dopamine transporter
(DAT) binding motifs attached to the tropane
ring, the p-iodo
phenyl group at the 3β-position and a pyrrolidine
carboxamide
at 2β, RTI-229 has extremely high selectivity for the dopamine transporter (2600x and 4600x selective over NET and 5-HTT
respectively) and is one of the most DAT-selective compounds in the RTI series.
reuptake transporter, with its extremely high DAT selectivity making it useful for distinguishing between DAT and NET binding sites in the brain to an even greater extent than related compounds such as RTI-121
.
, Australia
and New Zealand
might however consider RTI-229 to be a controlled substance analogue
of cocaine on the grounds of its related chemical structure.
Stimulant
Stimulants are psychoactive drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical function or both. Examples of these kinds of effects may include enhanced alertness, wakefulness, and locomotion, among others...
drug which was developed in the 1990s as part of a large group of related analogues from the phenyltropane
Phenyltropane
Phenyltropanes were originally developed to reduce cocaine addiction and dependency. In general these compounds act as inhibitors of the plasmalemmal monoamine reuptake transporters. Although RTI holds a strong position in this field, they are not the only researchers that have prepared these...
family. With the combination of two potent dopamine transporter
Dopamine transporter
The dopamine transporter is a membrane-spanning protein that pumps the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synapse back into cytosol, from which other transporters sequester DA and NE into vesicles for later storage and release...
(DAT) binding motifs attached to the tropane
Tropane
Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound. It is mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it , which include, among others, atropine and cocaine. Both alkaloids contain tropinone from which tropane is a derivate...
ring, the p-iodo
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor....
phenyl group at the 3β-position and a pyrrolidine
Pyrrolidine
Pyrrolidine, also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H9N. It is a cyclic secondary amine with a five-membered heterocycle containing four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom...
carboxamide
Carboxamide
In organic chemistry carboxamides are functional groups with the general structure R-CO-NH2 with R as an organic substituent.Two amino acids, asparagine and glutamine, have a carboxamide group in them....
at 2β, RTI-229 has extremely high selectivity for the dopamine transporter (2600x and 4600x selective over NET and 5-HTT
Serotonin transporter
The serotonin transporter is a monoamine transporter protein.This protein is an integral membrane protein that transports the neurotransmitter serotonin from synaptic spaces into presynaptic neurons. This transport of serotonin by the SERT protein terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it...
respectively) and is one of the most DAT-selective compounds in the RTI series.
Uses
RTI-229 is mainly used in scientific research into the dopamineDopamine
Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter present in a wide variety of animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the brain, this substituted phenethylamine functions as a neurotransmitter, activating the five known types of dopamine receptors—D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5—and their...
reuptake transporter, with its extremely high DAT selectivity making it useful for distinguishing between DAT and NET binding sites in the brain to an even greater extent than related compounds such as RTI-121
RTI-121
-2β-Carboisopropoxy-3β-tropane is a stimulant drug used in scientific research, which was developed in the early 1990s. RTI-121 is a phenyltropane based, highly selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor and is derived from methylecgonidine...
.
Legal Status
RTI-229 is legal throughout the world as of 2010. Some jurisdictions such as the USA, CanadaCanada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
might however consider RTI-229 to be a controlled substance analogue
Federal Analog Act
The Federal Analog Act, , is a controversial section of the United States Controlled Substances Act which allowed any chemical "substantially similar" to a controlled substance listed in Schedule I or II to be treated as if it were also listed in those schedules, but only if intended for human...
of cocaine on the grounds of its related chemical structure.