Raionul Orhei
Encyclopedia
Orhei is a district in the central part of Moldova
, with the administrative center at Orhei
.
As of 1 January 2011, its population was 125,900.
(40-30.000 years BC). VIII-II centuries BC, near the village of Trebujeni
today, there was a city Getae
. The fortress is abandoned in the second century BC as a result of invasion of Germanic tribes Bastarnae
. Extended population activity in a unfortified settlements situated on the riverbank
. Between XII-XIV centuries, near the former getic city, a medieval fortress is built of earth and wood. In the fourteenth century, the Golden Horde
occupying the region, the town is just conquered and is changing its name to Shehr al Jedid. In 1363-1365, the Shehr al Jedid was resident, the Golden Horde
leader, Abdullah Khan. At the end of the fourteenth century, Horde is driven (Empire
was in decay). Begin the transformation of Eastern city in the Moldovan city. During Stephen the Great, the city of stone is repaired, equipped with artillery
fire and transformed into residence of Orhei governor. In the mid-sixteenth century, townspeople abandon old city and moved 15 km north-west, founding Orhei
on the current site of the city. Stone fortress is destroyed, probably on the order of Alexander Lăpuşneanu
, who demand the Turks destroyed several cities. Around 1600, Prince Jeremiah Movilă
trying to rebuild the city, but without success. In 1665 to build a cave monastery
here. In 1773 in the near the Vatici
, Curchi monastery
is built. In 1812 after the Treaty of Bucharest, Basarabia is occupied by Russian Empire
e in this period (1812-1917), County Orhei
administrative units. In 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Basarabia joins the motherland Romania
, in this period (1918-1940, 1941-1944) is residence of the Orhei County
. In 1940 after Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty, Bessarabia is occupied by the USSR. In 1991 as a result of the proclamation of Independence of Moldova
, part and residence of the Orhei County (1991-2003), and in 2003 became administrative unit of Moldova
.
district land is divided into the following major orographic units:
1. Central Moldavian Plateau
(Forest), north-east, is a combination of narrow valleys shaped ridge with deep valleys and wide slopes which are pieces of depression
s called hîrtoape.
2. Corrugated plain, North of Moldova, which is characterized by gentle forms of relief, which determines the relative expression of soil
erosion
, but having the absolute lowest altitudes 200 - 250 m, which falls valley
which crosses the river Raut from north to south and river Cogilnic. Land plateau
formed by the municipalities, Raut river forms a data set of about 6500 hectares in size, which are located private land, pastures and others.
3. Nistrului Plateau and terraces of, is characterized by an altitude of 250-300 m, vertical fragmentation of 150 - 200m. The western slopes are slow
, and the east down suddenly into the Nistru.
continental
climate
with mild and short winter
(average temperature of January
: -3-5 c), and long hot summer
(average temperature in July +21+22 c). The amount varies yearly rainfalls of 500-650 mm annual limits. The annual amount of precipitation
about 65-70% fall during the warm season
(April
-November
) and only 30% in the cold (December
-March
) as snow
and sleet
.
fauna
characterized it as: fox
, deer
, red deer
, wild boar, hedgehog
, badger
, rabbit
, wolf, and others. Of birds: crow
, hawk
, partridges, stork
, jay
and others.
in the forests of the state are: oak
, english oak, ash, hornbeam
, linden, willow
. Plant
: fescue
, denial
, clover
, bell
, knotweed and others.
Aquatic resources of the district are composed of: groundwater
, river waters of Nistru, Raut
, rivers Vatici, Cula, Cogilnic, ponds and ground water
and river
. In the district there are about 162 artificial lakes and ponds with an area of 975 hectares. Spring
in the village Jeloboc has a capacity of 401 liters per second. Nistru river passes through the village Jora de Mijloc
and Vîşcăuţi
on land these localities are built large irrigation
systems where water is used extensively bank. Raut river waters across the district from east to west-south through the territory of most localities. The village Bieşti
, geological surveys have found large reserves of water that can supply Orhei city population of one hundred percent.
and 73.4% rural
population
: public
- 57, private - 4606, mixed - 40, foreign owned
- 14. Manufacturing
and agriculture
are the dominant industries in the district economy
, which directly depend on revenues and ensuring socio-economic of the district. Industrial potential of the district includes 30 enterprises
, including 27 specializing in manufacturing and mining
3. Labor market: During 2009 the labor market were unemployed in 2496 registered as jobseekers for employment
. From businesses and organizations as of October 1, 2009 have been released for various reasons in 2687 employees, including 502 people
from the reduction states. Agricultural land is 82 238 ha (67.0%) of total land area. Arable
land occupies 57 161 ha (46.5%) of the total agricultural land: planting of orchards - 5287 ha (4.3%), vineyards - 4461 ha (3.6%), pasture
13 288 ha (10.3%), some other 27 305 ha (21.2%).
, mainly for AEI
. PCRM, the last three elections is in a constant percentage drop.
During the last three elections AEI
had an increase of 100.6%
in Orhei District
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan="2" valign=center|Parties and coalitions
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|+/−
|-
||
|align=left|Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova
|align="right"|21,991
|align="right"|37.49
|align="right"|+16.71
|-
||
|align=left|Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
|align="right"|14,227
|align="right"|24.25
|align="right"|−5.26
|-
||
|align=left|Democratic Party of Moldova
|align="right"|9,972
|align="right"|17,00
|align="right"|+0.07
|-
||
|align=left|Liberal Party
|align="right"|5,758
|align="right"|9.81
|align="right"|−8.93
|-
||
|align=left|Party Alliance Our Moldova
|align="right"|2,623
|align="right"|4.47
|align="right"|−3.48
|-
|bgcolor=#0033cc|
|align=left|European Action Movement
|align="right"|773
|align="right"|1.32
|align="right"|+1.32
|-
|bgcolor="grey"|
|align=left|Other Party
|align="right"|3,346
|align="right"|5.66
|align="right"|-0.43
|-
|align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|Total (turnout 61.05%)
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|59,118
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
centers - 62.
with 430 bed
s general fund, a center of family doctors, 33 family physician
offices, 14 health centers, 17 health offices. In health
care operates: 246 staff physicians and 836 healthcare environment
Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
, with the administrative center at Orhei
Orhei
Orhei is a city and the administrative centre of Orhei District in Moldova with a population of 25,680. Orhei is approximately 50 kilometers north of the capital, Chişinău.-Demographics:...
.
As of 1 January 2011, its population was 125,900.
History
Today's Orhei region is populated from the Stone AgeStone Age
The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric period, lasting about 2.5 million years , during which humans and their predecessor species in the genus Homo, as well as the earlier partly contemporary genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus, widely used exclusively stone as their hard material in the...
(40-30.000 years BC). VIII-II centuries BC, near the village of Trebujeni
Trebujeni
Trebujeni is a commune in Orhei district, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Trebujeni, Butuceni and Morovaia .Situated at 30 km from Orhei and 60 km from Chisinau, the commune is situated on the banks of Raut river on the gorges formed by the withdrawal of the Sarmatian Sea.- History :The...
today, there was a city Getae
Getae
The Getae was the name given by the Greeks to several Thracian tribes that occupied the regions south of the Lower Danube, in what is today northern Bulgaria, and north of the Lower Danube, in Romania...
. The fortress is abandoned in the second century BC as a result of invasion of Germanic tribes Bastarnae
Bastarnae
The Bastarnae or Basternae were an ancient Germanic tribe,, who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited the region between the eastern Carpathian mountains and the Dnieper river...
. Extended population activity in a unfortified settlements situated on the riverbank
Bank (geography)
A geographic bank has four definitions and applications:# Limnology: The shoreline of a pond, swamp, estuary, reservoir, or lake. The grade can vary from vertical to a shallow slope....
. Between XII-XIV centuries, near the former getic city, a medieval fortress is built of earth and wood. In the fourteenth century, the Golden Horde
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...
occupying the region, the town is just conquered and is changing its name to Shehr al Jedid. In 1363-1365, the Shehr al Jedid was resident, the Golden Horde
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...
leader, Abdullah Khan. At the end of the fourteenth century, Horde is driven (Empire
Empire
The term empire derives from the Latin imperium . Politically, an empire is a geographically extensive group of states and peoples united and ruled either by a monarch or an oligarchy....
was in decay). Begin the transformation of Eastern city in the Moldovan city. During Stephen the Great, the city of stone is repaired, equipped with artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
fire and transformed into residence of Orhei governor. In the mid-sixteenth century, townspeople abandon old city and moved 15 km north-west, founding Orhei
Orhei
Orhei is a city and the administrative centre of Orhei District in Moldova with a population of 25,680. Orhei is approximately 50 kilometers north of the capital, Chişinău.-Demographics:...
on the current site of the city. Stone fortress is destroyed, probably on the order of Alexander Lăpuşneanu
Alexandru Lapusneanu
Alexandru Lăpuşneanu was Prince of Moldavia between September 1552 and 18 November 1561 and then between October 1564 and 5 May 1568....
, who demand the Turks destroyed several cities. Around 1600, Prince Jeremiah Movilă
Ieremia Movila
Ieremia Movilă was a Hospodar of Moldavia between August 1595 and May 1600, and again between September 1600 and July 10, 1606.-Rule:...
trying to rebuild the city, but without success. In 1665 to build a cave monastery
Cave monastery
A cave monastery is a monastery built in caves, with possible outside facilities. St. Anthony the Great known as the founder of monasticism lived in a cave.- List of cave monasteries :*Albania**St...
here. In 1773 in the near the Vatici
Vatici
Vatici is a commune in Orhei district, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Vatici, Curchi and Tabăra....
, Curchi monastery
Monastery
Monastery denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of monastics, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone .Monasteries may vary greatly in size – a small dwelling accommodating only...
is built. In 1812 after the Treaty of Bucharest, Basarabia is occupied by Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
e in this period (1812-1917), County Orhei
Orhei County
Orhei was a county of Moldova from 1998 to 2003. Its population in 2003 was 300,400. Its capital was Orhei.-External links:* , Statoids.com...
administrative units. In 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Basarabia joins the motherland Romania
Union of Bessarabia with Romania
On , the Sfatul Ţării, or National Council, of Bessarabia proclaimed union with the Kingdom of Romania.-Governorate of Bessarabia:The 1812 Treaty of Bucharest between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empires provided for Russian annexation of the eastern half of the territory of the Principality...
, in this period (1918-1940, 1941-1944) is residence of the Orhei County
Orhei County
Orhei was a county of Moldova from 1998 to 2003. Its population in 2003 was 300,400. Its capital was Orhei.-External links:* , Statoids.com...
. In 1940 after Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty, Bessarabia is occupied by the USSR. In 1991 as a result of the proclamation of Independence of Moldova
Independence of Moldova
The Independence of Moldova was officially recognized on March 2, 1992, when Moldova gained membership of the United Nations. The nation had declared its independence from the Soviet Union on August 27, 1991, and was a co-founder of the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States...
, part and residence of the Orhei County (1991-2003), and in 2003 became administrative unit of Moldova
Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
.
Geography
Orhei district is located in the center of the Republic of Moldova. Does the neighborhood: in the north Rezina district, in east Ribnita and Dubasari districts, south Straseni and Criuleni, in the west and the west district of Calarasi, in west Telenesti District. ReliefRelief
Relief is a sculptural technique. The term relief is from the Latin verb levo, to raise. To create a sculpture in relief is thus to give the impression that the sculpted material has been raised above the background plane...
district land is divided into the following major orographic units:
1. Central Moldavian Plateau
Central Moldavian Plateau
The Central Moldavian Plateau , or Codru Massif is a geographic area in Moldova. It is the central and SE part of the Moldavian Plateau. It has elevations that in the N-S direction decrease in altitude from 400 m to under 200 m....
(Forest), north-east, is a combination of narrow valleys shaped ridge with deep valleys and wide slopes which are pieces of depression
Depression (geology)
A depression in geology is a landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Depressions may be formed by various mechanisms.Structural or tectonic related:...
s called hîrtoape.
2. Corrugated plain, North of Moldova, which is characterized by gentle forms of relief, which determines the relative expression of soil
Soil
Soil is a natural body consisting of layers of mineral constituents of variable thicknesses, which differ from the parent materials in their morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics...
erosion
Erosion
Erosion is when materials are removed from the surface and changed into something else. It only works by hydraulic actions and transport of solids in the natural environment, and leads to the deposition of these materials elsewhere...
, but having the absolute lowest altitudes 200 - 250 m, which falls valley
Valley
In geology, a valley or dale is a depression with predominant extent in one direction. A very deep river valley may be called a canyon or gorge.The terms U-shaped and V-shaped are descriptive terms of geography to characterize the form of valleys...
which crosses the river Raut from north to south and river Cogilnic. Land plateau
Plateau
In geology and earth science, a plateau , also called a high plain or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat terrain. A highly eroded plateau is called a dissected plateau...
formed by the municipalities, Raut river forms a data set of about 6500 hectares in size, which are located private land, pastures and others.
3. Nistrului Plateau and terraces of, is characterized by an altitude of 250-300 m, vertical fragmentation of 150 - 200m. The western slopes are slow
Slow
Speed is a property of moving bodiesSlow or Slowness may also refer to:* Slow , a 1980s Canadian band* Slow , Finnish producer and DJ* "Slow" , a 2003 song by Kylie Minogue* Slow...
, and the east down suddenly into the Nistru.
Climate
District is characterized by a temperateTemperate
In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme hot or cold...
continental
Continental climate
Continental climate is a climate characterized by important annual variation in temperature due to the lack of significant bodies of water nearby...
climate
Climate
Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elemental measurements in a given region over long periods...
with mild and short winter
Winter
Winter is the coldest season of the year in temperate climates, between autumn and spring. At the winter solstice, the days are shortest and the nights are longest, with days lengthening as the season progresses after the solstice.-Meteorology:...
(average temperature of January
January
January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and one of seven months with the length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day...
: -3-5 c), and long hot summer
Summer
Summer is the warmest of the four temperate seasons, between spring and autumn. At the summer solstice, the days are longest and the nights are shortest, with day-length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice...
(average temperature in July +21+22 c). The amount varies yearly rainfalls of 500-650 mm annual limits. The annual amount of precipitation
Precipitation (meteorology)
In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation (also known as one of the classes of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation...
about 65-70% fall during the warm season
Season
A season is a division of the year, marked by changes in weather, ecology, and hours of daylight.Seasons result from the yearly revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to the plane of revolution...
(April
April
April is the fourth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and one of four months with a length of 30 days. April was originally the second month of the Roman calendar, before January and February were added by King Numa Pompilius about 700 BC...
-November
November
November is the 11th month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and one of four months with the length of 30 days. November was the ninth month of the ancient Roman calendar...
) and only 30% in the cold (December
December
December is the 12th and last month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and one of seven months with the length of 31 days.December starts on the same day as September every year and ends on the same day as April every year.-Etymology:...
-March
March
March is in present time held to be the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is one of the seven months which are 31 days long....
) as snow
Snow
Snow is a form of precipitation within the Earth's atmosphere in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes that fall from clouds. Since snow is composed of small ice particles, it is a granular material. It has an open and therefore soft structure, unless packed by...
and sleet
Rain and snow mixed
Rain and snow mixed is precipitation composed of rain and partially melted snow. This precipitation can occur where the temperature in the lower part of the atmosphere is slightly above the freezing point...
.
Fauna
MammalMammal
Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young...
fauna
Fauna
Fauna or faunæ is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora.Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the "Burgess shale fauna"...
characterized it as: fox
Fox
Fox is a common name for many species of omnivorous mammals belonging to the Canidae family. Foxes are small to medium-sized canids , characterized by possessing a long narrow snout, and a bushy tail .Members of about 37 species are referred to as foxes, of which only 12 species actually belong to...
, deer
Deer
Deer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. Species in the Cervidae family include white-tailed deer, elk, moose, red deer, reindeer, fallow deer, roe deer and chital. Male deer of all species and female reindeer grow and shed new antlers each year...
, red deer
Red Deer
The red deer is one of the largest deer species. Depending on taxonomy, the red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa, being...
, wild boar, hedgehog
Hedgehog
A hedgehog is any of the spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceinae and the order Erinaceomorpha. There are 17 species of hedgehog in five genera, found through parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and New Zealand . There are no hedgehogs native to Australia, and no living species native to the Americas...
, badger
Badger
Badgers are short-legged omnivores in the weasel family, Mustelidae. There are nine species of badger, in three subfamilies : Melinae , Mellivorinae , and Taxideinae...
, rabbit
Rabbit
Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world...
, wolf, and others. Of birds: crow
Crow
Crows form the genus Corvus in the family Corvidae. Ranging in size from the relatively small pigeon-size jackdaws to the Common Raven of the Holarctic region and Thick-billed Raven of the highlands of Ethiopia, the 40 or so members of this genus occur on all temperate continents and several...
, hawk
Hawk
The term hawk can be used in several ways:* In strict usage in Australia and Africa, to mean any of the species in the subfamily Accipitrinae, which comprises the genera Accipiter, Micronisus, Melierax, Urotriorchis and Megatriorchis. The large and widespread Accipiter genus includes goshawks,...
, partridges, stork
Stork
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family Ciconiidae. They are the only family in the biological order Ciconiiformes, which was once much larger and held a number of families....
, jay
Jay
The jays are several species of medium-sized, usually colorful and noisy, passerine birds in the crow family Corvidae. The names jay and magpie are somewhat interchangeable, and the evolutionary relationships are rather complex...
and others.
Flora
Forests occupy 20.1% of the district and is 24 277 hectares. Basic speciesSpecies
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
in the forests of the state are: oak
Oak
An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus , of which about 600 species exist. "Oak" may also appear in the names of species in related genera, notably Lithocarpus...
, english oak, ash, hornbeam
Hornbeam
Hornbeams are relatively small hardwood trees in the genus Carpinus . Though some botanists grouped them with the hazels and hop-hornbeams in a segregate family, Corylaceae, modern botanists place the hornbeams in the birch subfamily Coryloideae...
, linden, willow
Willow
Willows, sallows, and osiers form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere...
. Plant
Plant
Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Precise definitions of the kingdom vary, but as the term is used here, plants include familiar organisms such as trees, flowers, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The group is also called green plants or...
: fescue
Fescue
Festuce is a genus of about 300 species of perennial tufted grasses, belonging to the grass family Poaceae . The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although the majority of the species are found in cool temperate areas...
, denial
Denial
Denial is a defense mechanism postulated by Sigmund Freud, in which a person is faced with a fact that is too uncomfortable to accept and rejects it instead, insisting that it is not true despite what may be overwhelming evidence.The subject may use:* simple denial: deny the reality of the...
, clover
Clover
Clover , or trefoil, is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the leguminous pea family Fabaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution; the highest diversity is found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also occur in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes...
, bell
Bell
-Sound and music:* Bell , a percussion instrument, usually cup-shaped* Bell * Bell cymbal* Bell effect, a musical technique* Bell Orchestre, a six-piece instrumental band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada...
, knotweed and others.
Protected areas
- CobaleniSusleniSusleni, Orhei district, Moldova is a commune in Orhei district, Moldova. It is composed of a single village, Susleni....
natural reserve - PohrebeniPohrebeniPohrebeni is a commune in Orhei district, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Pohrebeni, Izvoare and Şercani....
landscape reserve - TrebujeniTrebujeniTrebujeni is a commune in Orhei district, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Trebujeni, Butuceni and Morovaia .Situated at 30 km from Orhei and 60 km from Chisinau, the commune is situated on the banks of Raut river on the gorges formed by the withdrawal of the Sarmatian Sea.- History :The...
landscape reserve - VascautiVăscăuţiVăscăuţi is a commune in Floreşti district, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Văscăuţi, Făgădău and Octeabriscoe....
natural reserve
Rivers
Groundwater
Groundwater is water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock...
, river waters of Nistru, Raut
Raut
Răut, also referred to as Reut is a river in Moldova, a right tributary of Dniester. Răut, generally navigable until 18-19th century, is navigable today only by small recreational boats.The towns Bălţi, Orhei and Floreşti are located by the river....
, rivers Vatici, Cula, Cogilnic, ponds and ground water
Water
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a...
and river
River
A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including...
. In the district there are about 162 artificial lakes and ponds with an area of 975 hectares. Spring
Spring (hydrosphere)
A spring—also known as a rising or resurgence—is a component of the hydrosphere. Specifically, it is any natural situation where water flows to the surface of the earth from underground...
in the village Jeloboc has a capacity of 401 liters per second. Nistru river passes through the village Jora de Mijloc
Jora de Mijloc
Jora de Mijloc is a commune in Orhei district, Moldova. It is composed of four villages: Jora de Mijloc, Jora de Jos, Jora de Sus and Lopatna....
and Vîşcăuţi
Vîşcăuţi
Vîşcăuţi is a commune in Orhei district, Moldova. It is composed of a single village, Vîşcăuţi....
on land these localities are built large irrigation
Irrigation
Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
systems where water is used extensively bank. Raut river waters across the district from east to west-south through the territory of most localities. The village Bieşti
Bieşti
Bieşti is a commune in Orhei district, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Bieşti, Cihoreni and Slobozia-Hodorogea.-Notable people:* Andrei Hodorogea * Protosinghelul Dosoftei Vîrlan * Gheorghe Andronache...
, geological surveys have found large reserves of water that can supply Orhei city population of one hundred percent.
Administrative subdivisions
- Localities: 75
- Administrative center: OrheiOrheiOrhei is a city and the administrative centre of Orhei District in Moldova with a population of 25,680. Orhei is approximately 50 kilometers north of the capital, Chişinău.-Demographics:...
- Cities: OrheiOrheiOrhei is a city and the administrative centre of Orhei District in Moldova with a population of 25,680. Orhei is approximately 50 kilometers north of the capital, Chişinău.-Demographics:...
- Communes: 37
- Villages: 37
- Communes: 37
- Cities: Orhei
- Administrative center: Orhei
Demographics
1 January 2011 the district population was 125,900 of which 26.6% urbanUrban area
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets.Urban areas are created and further...
and 73.4% rural
Rural
Rural areas or the country or countryside are areas that are not urbanized, though when large areas are described, country towns and smaller cities will be included. They have a low population density, and typically much of the land is devoted to agriculture...
population
- Births (2010): 1521 (12.1 per 1000)
- Deaths (2010): 1694 (13.5 per 1000)
- Growth Rate (2010): -173 (-1.4 per 1000)
Ethnic groups
| Ethnic group Ethnic group An ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy... | Population | % of total* |
|---|---|---|
| Moldovans Moldovans Moldovans or Moldavians are the largest population group of Moldova... (Romanians Romanians The Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania.... ) |
108,722 | 93.51% |
| Ukrainians Ukrainians Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens... |
4,520 | 3.89% |
| Russians Russians The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.... |
2,216 | 1.91% |
| Gypsies | 221 | 0.19% |
| Gagauzians | 113 | 0.10% |
| Bulgarians Bulgarians The Bulgarians are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group native to Bulgaria and neighbouring regions. Emigration has resulted in immigrant communities in a number of other countries.-History and ethnogenesis:... |
90 | 0.08% |
| Others | 389 | 0.34% |
Religion
- Christians - 98.4%
- Orthodox Christians - 97.6%
- Protestant - 0.8%
- Baptists - 0.4%
- Seventh-day Adventists - 0.2%
- Evangelicals - 0.2%
- Other - 1.2%
- No Religion 0.4%
Economy
In the district are 40,693 total registered businesses. OwnershipOwnership
Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over property, which may be an object, land/real estate or intellectual property. Ownership involves multiple rights, collectively referred to as title, which may be separated and held by different parties. The concept of ownership has...
: public
Public
In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individuals, and the public is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political science,...
- 57, private - 4606, mixed - 40, foreign owned
Owned
Owned is a slang word that originated among 1990s hackers, where it referred to "rooting" or gaining administrative control over someone else's computer....
- 14. Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the use of machines, tools and labor to produce goods for use or sale. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale...
and agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
are the dominant industries in the district economy
Economy
An economy consists of the economic system of a country or other area; the labor, capital and land resources; and the manufacturing, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area...
, which directly depend on revenues and ensuring socio-economic of the district. Industrial potential of the district includes 30 enterprises
Business
A business is an organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and administered to earn profit to increase the wealth of their owners. Businesses may also be not-for-profit...
, including 27 specializing in manufacturing and mining
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...
3. Labor market: During 2009 the labor market were unemployed in 2496 registered as jobseekers for employment
Employment
Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. An employee may be defined as:- Employee :...
. From businesses and organizations as of October 1, 2009 have been released for various reasons in 2687 employees, including 502 people
People
People is a plurality of human beings or other beings possessing enough qualities constituting personhood. It has two usages:* as the plural of person or a group of people People is a plurality of human beings or other beings possessing enough qualities constituting personhood. It has two usages:*...
from the reduction states. Agricultural land is 82 238 ha (67.0%) of total land area. Arable
Arable land
In geography and agriculture, arable land is land that can be used for growing crops. It includes all land under temporary crops , temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow...
land occupies 57 161 ha (46.5%) of the total agricultural land: planting of orchards - 5287 ha (4.3%), vineyards - 4461 ha (3.6%), pasture
Pasture
Pasture is land used for grazing. Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, cattle, sheep or swine. The vegetation of tended pasture, forage, consists mainly of grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs...
13 288 ha (10.3%), some other 27 305 ha (21.2%).
Education
In Orhei district are 69 educational institutions operate. Total number of students, including in schools - 15,160 children, in pedegogic and medical college - 1448 students, in professional schools versatile - 685 students.Politics
Orhei district both political and electoral traditionally given priority, right-wing partiesCentre-right
The centre-right or center-right is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals, political parties, or organizations whose views stretch from the centre to the right on the left-right spectrum, excluding far right stances. Centre-right can also describe a coalition of centrist...
, mainly for AEI
Alliance for European Integration
The Alliance for European Integration is the ruling coalition in Moldova since the July 2009 election.-Overall context :After April 2009 election and the civil unrest, the climate in Moldova became very polarised. The parliament failed to elect a new president. For this reason, the parliament was...
. PCRM, the last three elections is in a constant percentage drop.
During the last three elections AEI
Alliance for European Integration
The Alliance for European Integration is the ruling coalition in Moldova since the July 2009 election.-Overall context :After April 2009 election and the civil unrest, the climate in Moldova became very polarised. The parliament failed to elect a new president. For this reason, the parliament was...
had an increase of 100.6%
| Year | AEI Alliance for European Integration The Alliance for European Integration is the ruling coalition in Moldova since the July 2009 election.-Overall context :After April 2009 election and the civil unrest, the climate in Moldova became very polarised. The parliament failed to elect a new president. For this reason, the parliament was... |
PCRM |
|---|---|---|
| 2010 Moldovan parliamentary election, 2010 A parliamentary election was held in Moldova on 28 November 2010 after indirect presidential elections failed for the second time in late 2009.-Pre-election developments:... |
68.77% 40,344 | 24.25% 14,227 |
| July 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election, July 2009 - Pre-election developments :The country's parliament, elected months earlier, was dissolved by president Vladimir Voronin on 15 June 2009, after it had twice failed to elect a new president.... |
64.40% 34,880 | 29.51% 15,982 |
| April 2009 | 37.80% 20,115 | 39.37% 20,952 |
Elections
Summary of 28 November 2010 Parliament of Moldova election resultsMoldovan parliamentary election, 2010
A parliamentary election was held in Moldova on 28 November 2010 after indirect presidential elections failed for the second time in late 2009.-Pre-election developments:...
in Orhei District
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan="2" valign=center|Parties and coalitions
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|+/−
|-
||
|align=left|Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova
Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova
The Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova is a political party in the Republic of Moldova. The Party's Founding Congress was held on December 8, 2007 and Vlad Filat was elected as president....
|align="right"|21,991
|align="right"|37.49
|align="right"|+16.71
|-
||
|align=left|Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
|align="right"|14,227
|align="right"|24.25
|align="right"|−5.26
|-
||
|align=left|Democratic Party of Moldova
Democratic Party of Moldova
The Democratic Party of Moldova is a social-democratic political party in Moldova.-Overview:In the legislative elections of 6 March 2005, the party was part of the Electoral Bloc Democratic Moldova , that won 28.4 % of the popular vote and 34 out of 101 seats. Inside the Bloc the party won 8 seats...
|align="right"|9,972
|align="right"|17,00
|align="right"|+0.07
|-
||
|align=left|Liberal Party
Liberal Party (Moldova)
The Liberal Party is a conservative-liberal political party in Moldova.The president of the party is Mihai Ghimpu. His nephew Dorin Chirtoacă is its vice-president.-History:...
|align="right"|5,758
|align="right"|9.81
|align="right"|−8.93
|-
||
|align=left|Party Alliance Our Moldova
Party Alliance Our Moldova
The Party Alliance Our Moldova was a social liberal political party in Moldova led by Serafim Urechean, former mayor of Chişinău. It merged into the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova in 2011.-History:...
|align="right"|2,623
|align="right"|4.47
|align="right"|−3.48
|-
|bgcolor=#0033cc|
|align=left|European Action Movement
European Action Movement
The European Action Movement was political party in Moldova. It merged into the Liberal Party in March 2011.- Overview :The party was formed at the first congress on October 22, 2006. The first president was Anatol Petrencu...
|align="right"|773
|align="right"|1.32
|align="right"|+1.32
|-
|bgcolor="grey"|
|align=left|Other Party
|align="right"|3,346
|align="right"|5.66
|align="right"|-0.43
|-
|align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|Total (turnout 61.05%)
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|59,118
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
Culture
In Orhei district works: five museums, 127 artistic works, 31 bands holding the title of the band model, public libraries - 60, communityCommunity
The term community has two distinct meanings:*a group of interacting people, possibly living in close proximity, and often refers to a group that shares some common values, and is attributed with social cohesion within a shared geographical location, generally in social units larger than a household...
centers - 62.
Health
The district works: a hospitalHospital
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment. Hospitals often, but not always, provide for inpatient care or longer-term patient stays....
with 430 bed
Bed
A bed is a large piece of furniture used as a place to sleep, relax, or engage in sexual relations.Most modern beds consist of a mattress on a bed frame, with the mattress resting either on a solid base, often wooden slats, or a sprung base...
s general fund, a center of family doctors, 33 family physician
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
offices, 14 health centers, 17 health offices. In health
Health
Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain...
care operates: 246 staff physicians and 836 healthcare environment
Personalities
- Alecu DoniciAlecu DoniciAlecu Donici was a Moldavian-born Romanian poet and translator.- Biography :...
- PoetPoetA poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
, fabulist and translator - David KnoutDavid KnoutDovid Knout , born in Orhei, Moldova is a Russian Jewish poet, who, with his wife Régine-Ariane and others, established a secret organization called La Main Forte which became the Armee Juive , a World War II resistance movement...
- PoetPoetA poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
and participant of the French ResistanceFrench ResistanceThe French Resistance is the name used to denote the collection of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during World War II... - Iurie PlatonIurie Platon- Biography :He was educated at the "Igor Vieru" National Arts School in Chişinău and the Arts Academy in Tallinn, Estonia. He began painting in 1982 and his first solo exhibition was in 1992 in Santiago de Compostela, Spain....
- PainterPaintingPainting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is...
and sculptor - Jacobo FijmanJacobo FijmanJacobo Fijman was an Argentine poet born in Orhei, Bessarabia, now in Moldova. He moved to Argentina with his parents in 1902.Raised in humble circumstances, Fijman was a highly intelligent child interested in art, music, and literature; he later made a modest living as a French teacher and...
- Argentine PoetPoetA poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary... - Meir DizengoffMeir DizengoffMeir Dizengoff was a Zionist politician and the first mayor of Tel Aviv.-Biography:Meir Dizengoff was born in 1861 in the village of Akimovici near Orgeyev, Bessarabia. In 1878, his family moved to Kishinev, where he graduated from high school and studied at the polytechnic school...
- PoliticianPoliticianA politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
and the first mayor of Tel AvivTel AvivTel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with... - Paul GomaPaul GomaPaul Goma is a Romanian writer, also known for his activities as a dissident and leading opponent of the communist regime before 1989. Forced into exile by the communist authorities, he became a political refugee and currently resides in France as a stateless person...
- WriterWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
and anticommunist militant - Sergey LazoSergey LazoSergey Geogriyevich Lazo was a Communist leader in the October 1917 Revolution in the Russian Far East.Lazo was born in the village of Piatra, Orhei, now in Orhei district, Moldova. He was of boyar origin...
- Communist militant during the civil war in RussiaRussian Civil WarThe Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...
, SiberiaSiberiaSiberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
and Far EastFar EastThe Far East is an English term mostly describing East Asia and Southeast Asia, with South Asia sometimes also included for economic and cultural reasons.The term came into use in European geopolitical discourse in the 19th century,...
Coordinator - Sergiu NiţăSergiu NiţăSergiu T. Niţă was a politician and lawyer from Romania. He served as Minister for Bessarabia in Averescu cabinets.-Biography:...
- PoliticianPoliticianA politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
and lawyerLawyerA lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel or solicitor; a person who is practicing law." Law is the system of rules of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain the stability of political...
, Minister for Basarabia in 1920–1921, 1926–1927
See also
- Orhei CountyOrhei CountyOrhei was a county of Moldova from 1998 to 2003. Its population in 2003 was 300,400. Its capital was Orhei.-External links:* , Statoids.com...