Rural commune (Vietnam)
Encyclopedia
|
A rural commune is a third-level (commune-level) administrative subdivision of Vietnam
. Rural communes are subdivisions of counties , which are in turn subdivisions of provinces
.
The rural commune is one of three possible third-level subdivisions in Vietnam, along with commune-level towns
, which are also county subdivisions, and wards
, which are subdivisions of urban districts
, county-level towns
, or provincial cities
. The term xã is sometimes used to refer to all third-level administrative subdivisions of Vietnam, including rural communes, wards and commune-level towns.
Certain small villages are not officially regarded as administrative communes.
As of December 31, 2008, Vietnam had 9,111 rural communes. Thanh Hoá Province contained the highest number of rural communes (586) amongst all province-level administrative units, followed by Nghệ An Province with 436 and Hanoi
with 408. Đà Nẵng, with only 11 rural communes, contained the fewest. Counted together, the ten province-level administrative units containing the most rural communes—namely, Thanh Hoá (586), Nghe An (436), Hanoi (408), Thai Binh
(267), Phu Tho
(251), Ha Tinh (238), Hai Duong
(234), Quang Nam
(210), Bac Giang
(207), and Lang Son
(207)—contain one-third of all the rural communes in Vietnam. Three of these are located in the Red River Delta
region, three more in the Đông Bắc (Northeast) region, three in the Bắc Trung Bộ
(North Central Coast) region, and one in the Nam Trung Bộ
(South Central Coast) region.
ese President Ngo Dinh Diem
launched a counter-insurgency
project known as Strategic Hamlet Program
, in order to isolate the rural Vietnamese from contact with and influence by the communist National Liberation Front (NLF). A number of "fortified villages", called "joint families" , were created throughout South Vietnam, consisting of villages that had been consolidated and reshaped to create a defensible perimeter. The peasants themselves would be given weapons and trained in self-defense. Several problems, including corruption, unnecessary amounts of forced relocation, and poor execution caused the program to backfire drastically, and ultimately led to a decrease in support for Diem’s regime and an increase in sympathy for Communist efforts.
A rural commune is a third-level (commune-level) administrative subdivision of Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
. Rural communes are subdivisions of counties , which are in turn subdivisions of provinces
Provinces of Vietnam
Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces and five centrally governed cities existing at the same level as provinces ....
.
The rural commune is one of three possible third-level subdivisions in Vietnam, along with commune-level towns
Commune-level town (Vietnam)
|A commune-level town is a third-level administrative subdivision of Vietnam. Commune-level towns are subdivisions of counties , which are in turn subdivisions of provinces ....
, which are also county subdivisions, and wards
Ward (Vietnam)
|In Vietnam, there are three kinds of the third-level administrative subdivision: the rural coummune , commune-level town ，and ward ....
, which are subdivisions of urban districts
Urban district (Vietnam)
|The urban district is the second-level administrative subdivision in Vietnam. Other kinds of second-level administrative subdivision of Vietnam are the county , the provincial cities , and the county-level towns ....
, county-level towns
County-level town (Vietnam)
|The county-level town is a kind of second level administrative units in Vietnam, under the governed by the province or the central-controlled municipality. County-level towns are officially categorized as Class III or Class IV of urban regions by Vietnam government. In July 2010, Vietnam has 45...
, or provincial cities
Provincial city (Vietnam)
The provincial city is a form of second-level administrative units in Vietnam. Provincial cities are provincial urban and administrative centers. Some cities also was appointed provincial economic centers and the culture center of a region . There might still agricultural population in the...
. The term xã is sometimes used to refer to all third-level administrative subdivisions of Vietnam, including rural communes, wards and commune-level towns.
Certain small villages are not officially regarded as administrative communes.
As of December 31, 2008, Vietnam had 9,111 rural communes. Thanh Hoá Province contained the highest number of rural communes (586) amongst all province-level administrative units, followed by Nghệ An Province with 436 and Hanoi
Hanoi
Hanoi , is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts, 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam...
with 408. Đà Nẵng, with only 11 rural communes, contained the fewest. Counted together, the ten province-level administrative units containing the most rural communes—namely, Thanh Hoá (586), Nghe An (436), Hanoi (408), Thai Binh
Thai Binh Province
Thái Bình is a coastal eastern province in the Red River Delta region of northern Vietnam, named after the Vietnamese name for the Pacific Ocean: Thái Bình Dương...
(267), Phu Tho
Phu Tho Province
Phú Thọ is a province in northeastern Vietnam. The province's name derives from Sino-Vietnamese and its capital is Viet Tri City, which is away from Hanoi and from the Noi Bai International Airport...
(251), Ha Tinh (238), Hai Duong
Hai Duong Province
Hải Dương is a province in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Its name derives from Sino-Vietnamese , meaning "ocean", though in fact, the province is landlocked.-Geography of Hai Duong:...
(234), Quang Nam
Quang Nam Province
Quảng Nam is a province on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is bordered by Thua Thien-Huế province to the north, the nation of Laos to the west, Kon Tum Province to the southwest, Quảng Ngãi Province to the southeast, the South China Sea to the east, and the city of Da Nang to the...
(210), Bac Giang
Bắc Giang Province
Bắc Giang is a province of Vietnam. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, being situated to the east of Hanoi. The province covers an area of 3827.45 square kilometres and as of 2008 it had a population of 1,628,400 people....
(207), and Lang Son
Lạng Sơn Province
Lạng Sơn is a province in far northern Vietnam, bordering Guangxi province in China. Its capital is also called Lang Son, which is a strategically important town at the border with China and is northeast of Hanoi connected by rail and road...
(207)—contain one-third of all the rural communes in Vietnam. Three of these are located in the Red River Delta
Red River Delta
The Red River Delta is the flat plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries joining in the Thai Binh River in northern Vietnam. The delta measuring some 15,000 square km is well protected by a network of dikes. It is an agriculturally rich area and densely populated...
region, three more in the Đông Bắc (Northeast) region, three in the Bắc Trung Bộ
Bac Trung Bo
Bắc Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of six provinces: Thanh Hóa, Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh, Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, Thừa Thiên-Huế...
(North Central Coast) region, and one in the Nam Trung Bộ
Nam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...
(South Central Coast) region.
History
In 1957, South VietnamSouth Vietnam
South Vietnam was a state which governed southern Vietnam until 1975. It received international recognition in 1950 as the "State of Vietnam" and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" . Its capital was Saigon...
ese President Ngo Dinh Diem
Ngo Dinh Diem
Ngô Đình Diệm was the first president of South Vietnam . In the wake of the French withdrawal from Indochina as a result of the 1954 Geneva Accords, Diệm led the effort to create the Republic of Vietnam. Accruing considerable U.S. support due to his staunch anti-Communism, he achieved victory in a...
launched a counter-insurgency
Counter-insurgency
A counter-insurgency or counterinsurgency involves actions taken by the recognized government of a nation to contain or quell an insurgency taken up against it...
project known as Strategic Hamlet Program
Strategic Hamlet Program
The Strategic Hamlet Program was a plan by the governments of South Vietnam and the United States during the Vietnam War to combat the Communist insurgency by means of population transfer.In 1961, U.S...
, in order to isolate the rural Vietnamese from contact with and influence by the communist National Liberation Front (NLF). A number of "fortified villages", called "joint families" , were created throughout South Vietnam, consisting of villages that had been consolidated and reshaped to create a defensible perimeter. The peasants themselves would be given weapons and trained in self-defense. Several problems, including corruption, unnecessary amounts of forced relocation, and poor execution caused the program to backfire drastically, and ultimately led to a decrease in support for Diem’s regime and an increase in sympathy for Communist efforts.