S. Anwarul Haq
Encyclopedia
Sheikh Anwarul Haq is a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan [September 23, 1977 - March 25, 1981]. He is often considered 'ill-famed' for giving legitimacy to General Muhammad Zia ul-Haq’s martial law
and for uphelding the decision of the Lahore High Court which sentenced Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
to death for the authorization of the murder of a political opponent. Four Supreme Court judges headed by Chief Justice Anwarul Haq upheld the murder conviction of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. On 25 March 1981, S. Anwarul Haq became the first Justice and only Chief Justice to refuse taking the oath under the military imposed PCO and resigned on conscientious grounds.
Born on May 11, 1917 at Jullundur, Punjab (India
). He received early education at Wazirabad
and Jullundur, passing his Matriculation Examination from the Government High School, Jullundur, in the year 1932. He stood first in his School and secured a scholarship. He graduated from the D.A.V. College, Jullundur, in the year 1936 with Economics
and Political Science
as his majors and was awarded two scholarships accordingly, of which he availed of the one in Economics, joining Islamia College, Lahore
for Master’s degree. Stood first in M.A. (Economics) Examination of the Punjab University
held in 1938, setting up a new record in that subject. Participated in a large number of declamation contests and prize debates in the College and University and was often judged as the best speaker.
During 1936-38 took active interest in the formation of the All-India Muslim Students Federation, and was a keen advocate of the assertion of the separate identity of Muslims. Attended Muslim League meeting in Calcutta in December 1937, as a student delegate.
Selected for the Indian Civil Service as a result of competitive examination held in 1939, and received one year training at Oxford
. On return to India in November 1940, was appointed as Assistant Commissioner at Ferozepur. Later served at Simla
, Gurgaon and Hissar (in East Punjab
) and held various posts in the Central and Provincial Governments as follows: -
He attended the 3rd Commonwealth and Empire Law Conference at Sydney
in August–September 1965, as Leader of the Pakistan
Delegation. He travelled widely in Europe, Canada
and the United States
. He was interested in academic and educational activities and had been a member of the Syndicates of the Punjab University
, Engineering University, Lahore, Agricultural University, Lyallpur
(now Faisalabad
) and Allama Iqbal Open University
, Islamabad
. He had been President of the Himayat-i-Islam Law College, Lahore, and member of the University Law College, Lahore Committee for several years. He acted as Vice-Chancellor of the Punjab University
from time to time. He was appointed as Member of the 1971 War Inquiry Commission from January 1972 to November 1974 along with CJ Hamoodur Rahman
. He was also appointed as Chairman of the National Pay Commission and Armed Forces Pay Commission in January 1976.He represented the Pakistan Supreme Court at the Centenary Celebrations of the Supreme Court of Ghana
at Accra
in October 1976. He was appointed Chairman of the Commission on Indus River
System in September 1977. He was appointed Chairman of the Civil Services Commission in February 1978.He had been President of the British Universities Alumni Association, Lahore since 1962. He was a Guest Speaker at a large number of social, intellectual and cultural functions in Lahore, Rawalpindi
and Karachi
.
Martial law
Martial law is the imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated regions on an emergency basis— only temporary—when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively , when there are extensive riots and protests, or when the disobedience of the law...
and for uphelding the decision of the Lahore High Court which sentenced Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that, 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. Bhutto was the founder of the Pakistan Peoples Party — the largest and most influential political party in Pakistan— and served as its chairman until his...
to death for the authorization of the murder of a political opponent. Four Supreme Court judges headed by Chief Justice Anwarul Haq upheld the murder conviction of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. On 25 March 1981, S. Anwarul Haq became the first Justice and only Chief Justice to refuse taking the oath under the military imposed PCO and resigned on conscientious grounds.
Born on May 11, 1917 at Jullundur, Punjab (India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
). He received early education at Wazirabad
Wazirabad
AYAZ KHANWazirabad is an industrial city located in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan. Wazirabad is situated on the banks of the Chenab River nearly 100 kilometres north of Lahore on the Grand Trunk Road. It is 45 kilometres from Sialkot, 30 kilometres from the district capital - Gujranwala...
and Jullundur, passing his Matriculation Examination from the Government High School, Jullundur, in the year 1932. He stood first in his School and secured a scholarship. He graduated from the D.A.V. College, Jullundur, in the year 1936 with Economics
Economics
Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...
and Political Science
Political science
Political Science is a social science discipline concerned with the study of the state, government and politics. Aristotle defined it as the study of the state. It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics, and the analysis of political systems and political behavior...
as his majors and was awarded two scholarships accordingly, of which he availed of the one in Economics, joining Islamia College, Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
for Master’s degree. Stood first in M.A. (Economics) Examination of the Punjab University
University of the Punjab
University of the Punjab , colloquially known as Punjab University, is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The University of the Punjab is the oldest and biggest University of Pakistan. The University of the Punjab was formally established with the convening of the first meeting of its...
held in 1938, setting up a new record in that subject. Participated in a large number of declamation contests and prize debates in the College and University and was often judged as the best speaker.
During 1936-38 took active interest in the formation of the All-India Muslim Students Federation, and was a keen advocate of the assertion of the separate identity of Muslims. Attended Muslim League meeting in Calcutta in December 1937, as a student delegate.
Selected for the Indian Civil Service as a result of competitive examination held in 1939, and received one year training at Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
. On return to India in November 1940, was appointed as Assistant Commissioner at Ferozepur. Later served at Simla
Shimla
Shimla , formerly known as Simla, is the capital city of Himachal Pradesh. In 1864, Shimla was declared the summer capital of the British Raj in India. A popular tourist destination, Shimla is often referred to as the "Queen of Hills," a term coined by the British...
, Gurgaon and Hissar (in East Punjab
East Punjab
East Punjab was the part of the Punjab region that went to India following the Partition of the Punjab Province of British India between India and Pakistan in 1947...
) and held various posts in the Central and Provincial Governments as follows: -
| Temporal Order | Name of Post | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Secretary to the Punjab Punjab region The Punjab , also spelled Panjab |water]]s"), is a geographical region straddling the border between Pakistan and India which includes Punjab province in Pakistan and the states of the Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and some northern parts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi... and North-West Frontier Province North-West Frontier Province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , formerly known as the North-West Frontier Province and various other names, is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, located in the north-west of the country... Public Service Commission, in addition Secretary to Government of Punjab, Medical & Local Government Department |
February 22, 1944 | February 29, 1944 |
| 2 | Under-Secretary to Government of Punjab Revenue Department, Lahore | March 1, 1944 | May 1, 1944 |
| 3 | Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Dalhousie Dalhousie -Buildings:*Dalhousie Castle, a castle near Bonnyrigg, Scotland, until 2003, was the seat of the Earls of Dalhousie, the chieftains of Clan Ramsay*Dalhousie Obelisk, a monument in Empress Place, Singapore... |
May 2, 1944 | |
| 4 | Special Sub-Judge at Lahore for Judicial training | November 9, 1944 | |
| 5 | Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Dalhousie | May 28, 1945 | |
| 6 | Deputy Commissioner, Gurdaspur Gurdaspur Gurdaspur is a city in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India. It is located in the center of and is the administrative head of Gurdaspur District. It was the location of a fort which was famous for the siege it sustained in 1712 from the Mughals... |
June 1945 | July 1945 |
| 7 | District and Sessions Judge, Gurdaspur | November 3, 1945 | |
| 8 | Assistant Commissioner, Gurdaspur | February 23, 1946 | |
| 9 | Deputy Commissioner, Hissar Hisar, India Hisar city, previously spelled Hissar, is the administrative headquarters of Hisar district, in the state of Haryana, in northwestern India. Hisar was founded in 1354 CE, as Hissar-e-Firoza by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388. on the demolished ruins... |
March 27, 1946 | |
| 10 | Secretary to the Partition Steering Committee for the Punjab Punjab (Pakistan) Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population. Forming most of the Punjab region, the province is bordered by Kashmir to the north-east, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the... |
July 9, 1947 | |
| 11 | Deputy Commissioner, Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Rawalpindi , locally known as Pindi, is a city in the Pothohar region of Pakistan near Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. Rawalpindi is the fourth largest city in Pakistan after Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad... |
August 8, 1947 | |
| 12 | Deputy Commissioner, Montgomery (now Sahiwal Sahiwal Sahiwal is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the administrative centre of Sahiwal District and Sahiwal Division. Sahiwal is approximately 180 km from the major city Lahore and is the city between Lahore and Multan... ) |
October 1948 | |
| 13 | Deputy Commissioner, Sialkot Sialkot Sialkot is a city in Pakistan situated in the north-east of the Punjab province at the foothills of snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. It is the capital of Sialkot District. The city is about north-west of Lahore and only a few kilometers from Indian-controlled Jammu.The... |
April 1950 | |
| 14 | Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Defence Ministry of Defence (Pakistan) The Ministry of Defence , is a federal government ministry tasked with coordinating and supervising all major government agencies and federal departments of the government relating directly to National security and the Pakistan Defense Forces... , Government of Pakistan, Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Rawalpindi , locally known as Pindi, is a city in the Pothohar region of Pakistan near Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. Rawalpindi is the fourth largest city in Pakistan after Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad... |
January 1952 | December 1954 |
| 15 | Under Training at Imperial Defence College, London London London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its... (I.D.C) |
January 1955 | December 1955 |
| 16 | Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Defence, Government of Pakistan, Karachi Karachi Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million... |
August 1956 | |
| 17 | Joint Secretary, Ministry of Defence, Government of Pakistan, Karachi | August 1956 | |
| 18 | District and Sessions Judge, Karachi Karachi Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million... |
February 1957 | |
| 19 | District and Sessions Judge, Lahore Lahore Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a... |
June 1958 | |
| 20 | Additional Judge, High Court of West Pakistan West Pakistan West Pakistan , common name West-Pakistan , in the period between its establishment on 22 November 1955 to disintegration on December 16, 1971. This period, during which, Pakistan was divided, ended when East-Pakistan was disintegrated and succeeded to become which is now what is known as Bangladesh... , Lahore Lahore Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a... |
October 24, 1959 | |
| 21 | Permanent Judge, High Court of West Pakistan, Lahore | October 24, 1962 | |
| 22 | Appointed Member of the Law Reforms Commission | May 1967 | |
| 23 | Acted as Leader of the Legal Expert Delegation to the Republic of Somalia Somalia Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory... |
July 1969 | |
| 24 | Appointed Chief Justice Lahore High Court, Lahore, on dismemberment of One Unit | July 1, 1970 | |
| 25 | Appointed Judge, Supreme Court of Pakistan, after serving on the High Court for about ten years and eight months as Judge and two years and three and a half months as Chief Justice | October 16, 1972 | |
| 26 | Appointed Chief Justice of Pakistan | September 23, 1977 | March 25, 1981 |
| 27 | Appointed Acting President of Pakistan President of Pakistan The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a... |
April 20, 1978 | May 7, 1978 |
He attended the 3rd Commonwealth and Empire Law Conference at Sydney
Sydney
Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...
in August–September 1965, as Leader of the Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
Delegation. He travelled widely in Europe, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
and the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. He was interested in academic and educational activities and had been a member of the Syndicates of the Punjab University
University of the Punjab
University of the Punjab , colloquially known as Punjab University, is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The University of the Punjab is the oldest and biggest University of Pakistan. The University of the Punjab was formally established with the convening of the first meeting of its...
, Engineering University, Lahore, Agricultural University, Lyallpur
Faisalabad
Faisalabad , formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan. Before the foundation of the city in 1880, the area was very thinly populated. The population has...
(now Faisalabad
Faisalabad
Faisalabad , formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan. Before the foundation of the city in 1880, the area was very thinly populated. The population has...
) and Allama Iqbal Open University
Allama Iqbal Open University
Allama Iqbal Open University , founded in 1974, is a university in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is one of the world's largest universities by enrollment, with 1,121,038 students in the year 2010 whereas Course Enrollment of these students are 3,305,948 -History:Allama Iqbal Open University was...
, Islamabad
Islamabad
Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory , the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.7 million in 2011...
. He had been President of the Himayat-i-Islam Law College, Lahore, and member of the University Law College, Lahore Committee for several years. He acted as Vice-Chancellor of the Punjab University
University of the Punjab
University of the Punjab , colloquially known as Punjab University, is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The University of the Punjab is the oldest and biggest University of Pakistan. The University of the Punjab was formally established with the convening of the first meeting of its...
from time to time. He was appointed as Member of the 1971 War Inquiry Commission from January 1972 to November 1974 along with CJ Hamoodur Rahman
Hamoodur Rahman
Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman, Urdu: حمود الرحمن) was Pakistan-Bengali jurist and academia, a legal educator, who formerly served as the 7th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, and Vice Chancellor of Dhaka University as well as Professor of Law and Justice at the Karachi University...
. He was also appointed as Chairman of the National Pay Commission and Armed Forces Pay Commission in January 1976.He represented the Pakistan Supreme Court at the Centenary Celebrations of the Supreme Court of Ghana
Ghana
Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
at Accra
Accra
Accra is the capital and largest city of Ghana, with an urban population of 1,658,937 according to the 2000 census. Accra is also the capital of the Greater Accra Region and of the Accra Metropolitan District, with which it is coterminous...
in October 1976. He was appointed Chairman of the Commission on Indus River
Indus River
The Indus River is a major river which flows through Pakistan. It also has courses through China and India.Originating in the Tibetan plateau of western China in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar in Tibet Autonomous Region, the river runs a course through the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir and...
System in September 1977. He was appointed Chairman of the Civil Services Commission in February 1978.He had been President of the British Universities Alumni Association, Lahore since 1962. He was a Guest Speaker at a large number of social, intellectual and cultural functions in Lahore, Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi , locally known as Pindi, is a city in the Pothohar region of Pakistan near Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. Rawalpindi is the fourth largest city in Pakistan after Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad...
and Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...
.
See also
- Chief Justice of Pakistan
- Chief Justices of PakistanChief Justices of PakistanThe Chief Justice of Pakistan heads the Supreme Court of Pakistan. These are the names of the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan .-List:-See also:* Supreme Court of Pakistan* Pakistan Bar Council...
- Supreme Court of PakistanSupreme Court of PakistanThe Supreme Court is the apex court in Pakistan's judicial hierarchy, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. The Supreme Court has a permanent seat in Islamabad. It has number of Branch Registries where cases are heard. It has a number of de jure powers which are outlined in the...
- List of Pakistanis