San Girolamo dei Croati
Encyclopedia
Saint Jerome
Saint Jerome is a Christian church father, best known for translating the Bible into Latin.Saint Jerome may also refer to:*Jerome of Pavia , Bishop of Pavia...
of the Croats
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
(also known as St Jerome of the Illyria
Illyria
In classical antiquity, Illyria was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians....
ns), is the national Catholic church of Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
on Via Tomacelli in the Campus Martius
Campus Martius
The Campus Martius , was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about in extent. In the Middle Ages, it was the most populous area of Rome...
of Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
.
Characteristics
It was first built in 1585-1587 for refugees from areas ruled by the TurksOttoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, and dedicated to St Jerome, who was from Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
(former Roman "Illiricum").The site had been given to them in 1453 (the year of the Fall of Constantinople
Fall of Constantinople
The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire, which occurred after a siege by the Ottoman Empire, under the command of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, against the defending army commanded by Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI...
) by Pope Nicholas V
Pope Nicholas V
Pope Nicholas V , born Tommaso Parentucelli, was Pope from March 6, 1447 to his death in 1455.-Biography:He was born at Sarzana, Liguria, where his father was a physician...
, for the construction of a hospice.
It is now a chapel of the "Croatian College" in Rome and is only open to visitors by arrangement with the College.
The next to last titular of the church was Franjo Kuharic
Franjo Kuharic
Franjo Kuharić was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.He was ordained in 1945 and became a bishop in 1964. He was appointed Archbishop of Zagreb in 1970. In 1983 he was made a Cardinal by Pope John Paul II...
, who died on 11 March 2002. The present titular is Josip Bozanic
Josip Bozanic
Josip Bozanić is a Croatian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the eighth and current Archbishop of Zagreb, having previously served as Bishop of Krk from 1989 to 1997. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 2003....
, who was created cardinal on 21 October 2003.
From 1585 the Titulars of the Church, originally in that year called "San Girolamo degli Illiri", were:
- Felice Peretti MontaltoPope Sixtus VPope Sixtus V , born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope from 1585 to 1590.-Early life:The chronicler Andrija Zmajević states that Felice's family originated from modern-day Montenegro...
, O.F.M.Conv., later pope Sixtus V (1570-1585) - Alessandro Damasceni Peretti (1585-1587)
- Pedro de Deza (1587-1597)
- Simeone Tagliavia d'Aragona (1597-1600)
- Bonifazio Bevilacqua (1601-1611)
- Felice Centini, O.F.M.Conv. (1612-1613)
- Matteo Prioli (1616-1621)
- Giovanni DolfinGiovanni DolfinGiovanni Dolfin, also known as Giovanni Delfino or Delfin was the fifty-seventh Doge of Venice, appointed on August 13, 1356. Despite his value as general, during his reign Venice lost Dalmatia. He was blind from one eye after a wound received in battle.-Biography:He was born in Venice into a...
(1621-1622) - vacant (1622-1632)
- Péter PázmányPéter PázmányPéter Pázmány de Panasz was a Hungarian philosopher, theologian, catholic cardinal, pulpit orator and statesman. He was an important figure in the Counter-Reformation in Royal Hungary. He worked to convert Protestants back to Catholicism in Hungary.His most important legacy was his creation of the...
, S.J. (1632-1637) - vacant (1637-1642)
- Francesco Peretti di MontaltoFrancesco Peretti di MontaltoFrancesco Peretti di Montalto was an Italian Catholic Cardinal.Peretti was born to an Italian noble family. By birth he was to be the successor of his father; Prince of Venafro, Venetian patrician, Marquis of San Martino, Count of Celano and Baron of Pescina. But he was also a nephew of Cardinal...
(1642-1653) - vacant (1653-1657)
- Girolamo Bonvisi (1657-1677)
- vacant (1677-1681)
- Giovanni Battista de LucaGiovanni Battista de LucaGiovanni Battista de Luca was an Italian jurist and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.-Biography:De Luca was born at Venosa, Basilicata, in 1614 of humble parentage. He took up the study of law at Naples in 1635. After graduation, he practiced law as an advocate in Naples for five years...
(1681-1683) - vacant (1683-1689)
- Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch (1689-1707)
- vacant (1707-1720)
- Cornelio BentivoglioCornelio BentivoglioCornelio Bentivoglio was an Italian nobleman and cardinal.Born at Ferrara to the powerful Bentivoglio family, he went to Rome at an early age and was appointed Archbishop of Carthage....
(1720-1727) - Leandro Porzia, O.S.B. (1728)
- Sinibaldo Doria (1731-1733)
- vacant (1733-1745)
- Giacomo Oddi (1745-1756)
- Pietro Paolo de Conti (1759-1763)
- vacant (1763-1780)
- František Herzan von Harras (1780-1782)
- Francesco Carrara (1785-1791)
- vacant (1791-1801)
- Cesare Brancadoro (1801-1820)
- vacant(1820-1836)
- Gabriele della Genga SermatteiGabriele della Genga SermatteiGabriele della Genga Sermattei was a Catholic Cardinal and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals.-Personal life:Sermattei was born on 4 December 1801 in Assisi...
(1836-1861) - Antonio Maria Panebianco, O.F.M.Conv. (1861)
- Giuseppe Andrea Bizzarri (1863-1875)
- Luigi SerafiniLuigi SerafiniLuigi Serafini is an Italian artist, architect and designer. He is best known for creating the Codex Seraphinianus, an illustrated encyclopedia of imaginary things in a constructed language...
(1877-1888) - Serafino Vannutelli (1889-1893)
- Lörinc Schlauch (1894-1902)
- Andrea Aiuti (1903-1905)
- vacant (1905-1911)
- Franziskus von Sales BauerFranziskus von Sales BauerFranziskus von Sales Bauer was an Austro-Hungarian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Olomouc from 1904 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1911.-Biography:...
(1911-1915) - Raffaele Scapinelli di LeguignoRaffaele Scapinelli di LéguignoRaffaele Scapinelli di Leguigno was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Prefect of the Congregation of the Affairs of Religious from 1918 to 1920, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1915....
(1916-1933) - Santiago Luis Copello (1935-1959)
- Gustavo TestaGustavo TestaGustavo Testa was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Prefect of the Congregation for Oriental Churches from 1967 to 1968, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1959.- Biography :...
(1959-1969) - vacant (1969-1973)
- Paolo BertoliPaolo BertoliPaolo Bertoli S.T.D. JUD was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints....
(1973-1979) - Franjo KuharićFranjo KuharicFranjo Kuharić was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.He was ordained in 1945 and became a bishop in 1964. He was appointed Archbishop of Zagreb in 1970. In 1983 he was made a Cardinal by Pope John Paul II...
(1983-2002) - Josip BozanićJosip BozanicJosip Bozanić is a Croatian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the eighth and current Archbishop of Zagreb, having previously served as Bishop of Krk from 1989 to 1997. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 2003....
(2003-)