Squamish, British Columbia
Encyclopedia
Squamish (ˈskwɔːmɪʃ; 2006 census population 14,949) is a community and a district municipality
District municipality
A district municipality is a designation for a class of municipalities found in several locations, including Canada, Lithuania, and South Africa.-Usage in British Columbia:...

 in the Canadian
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

 province of British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...

, located at the north end of Howe Sound
Howe Sound
Howe Sound is a roughly triangular sound, actually a network of fjords situated immediately northwest of Vancouver.-Geography:Howe Sound's mouth at the Strait of Georgia is situated between West Vancouver and the Sunshine Coast. The sound is triangular shaped, open on its southeast towards the...

 on the Sea to Sky Highway. The population of the Squamish census agglomeration – including Indian Reserves of the Squamish Nation not governed by the municipality – is 15,256.

The town of Squamish had its beginning during the construction of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway in the 1910s. It was the first southern terminus of that railway (now a part of CN
Canadian National Railway
The Canadian National Railway Company is a Canadian Class I railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. CN's slogan is "North America's Railroad"....

). The town remains important in the operations of the line and also the port. Forestry has traditionally been the main industry in the area, and the town's largest employer was the Western Forest Products
Western Forest Products
Western Forest Products Inc. is a Canadian lumber company based in Vancouver in British Columbia, Canada.-History:Doman Singh bought a sawmill near Duncan in 1905...

 pulp mill
Pulp mill
A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fibre source into a thick fibre board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical or fully chemical methods...

. However, Western Pulp, Squamish Operation permanently ceased operation on January 26, 2006. Before the pulp mill, the town's largest employer had been International Forest Products (Interfor) with their sawmill and logging operation, but it closed a few years prior to the pulp mill. In recent years, Squamish has also become popular with Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is the hub of Greater Vancouver, which, with over 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,...

 and Whistler
Whistler, British Columbia
Whistler is a Canadian resort town in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in the province of British Columbia, Canada, approximately north of Vancouver...

 residents' escaping the increased cost of living in those places, both less than one hour away by highway. Tourism is an increasingly important part of the town's economy.

Sḵwxwú7mesh people

The Squamish (or Sḵwxwú7mesh in the Squamish language) is the name of the aboriginal people who have inhabited this part of southwest BC (including North and West Vancouver) since before the time of contact with Europeans. Squamish is the English pronunciation of Skwxwú7mesh, the traditional autonym for the people. The name Keh Kait was the traditional name for the site of downtown Squamish.

The largest village of the Sḵwxwú7mesh in the Squamish area is Chiyakmesh
Chiyakmesh
Chiyakmesh is a village/community of the Indigenous Sḵwxwú7mesh, located near Squamish, British Columbia. The name of the Cheakamus River comes from the name of this village, which is located on Cheakamus Indian Reserve No. 11. Chiyakamesh translates into People of the Fish Weir. A chiyak is a...

, which is in the area of Brackendale and is the namesake of the Cheakamus River
Cheakamus River
The Cheakamus River is a tributary of the Squamish River, beginning on the west slopes of Outlier Peak in Garibaldi Provincial Park upstream from Cheakamus Lake on the southeastern outskirts of the resort area of Whistler. The river flows into Cheakamus Lake before exiting it and flowing...

. Another main village is located near the south entrance of town, St'a7mes
St'a7mes
St'a7mes is a village/reserve of the Indigenous Sḵwxwú7mesh, located near Squamish, British Columbia. One of the smaller villages, it houses many members of their nation. The village is also the center for administrative, educational and health services in the Upper Squamish region. The...

, which lies below the Stawamus Chief
Stawamus Chief
The Stawamus Chief is a granite dome located adjacent to the town of Squamish, British Columbia. It towers over above the waters of nearby Howe Sound...

, which gets its name from that village. Though within municipal boundaries, residents of these Indian Reserves are not governed by the municipality but are members of the Squamish Nation. It also includes villages in North Vancouver and a number of other reserves at Gibsons
Gibsons, British Columbia
Gibsons is a coastal community of 4,200 located in southwestern British Columbia, Canada on the Strait of Georgia. It is the main marine gateway to the Sunshine Coast....

 and elsewhere in the general region.

Activities

Tourist attractions include the Stawamus Chief
Stawamus Chief
The Stawamus Chief is a granite dome located adjacent to the town of Squamish, British Columbia. It towers over above the waters of nearby Howe Sound...

, a huge cliff-faced granite massif
Massif
In geology, a massif is a section of a planet's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole...

 favoured by rock climbers. As well as over 300 climbing routes on the Chief proper, a majority of which require traditional climbing protection, there are steep hiking trails around the back to access the three peaks that make up the massif, all giving great views of Howe Sound and the surrounding Coast Mountains. In all, between Shannon Falls, Murrin Park
Murrin Provincial Park
Murrin Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located just south of Squamish beside the Sea-to-Sky Highway. The park is approximately 24 ha. in size and has a popular highway-side picnic ground and small swimming lake , but it is most notable for a collection of...

, The Malamute, and the Little Smoke Bluffs, there are well over 1200 rock-climbing routes in the Squamish area (and another 300 or so climbs north of Squamish on the road to Whistler). In recent years, Squamish has also become a major destination for bouldering
Bouldering
Bouldering is a style of rock climbing undertaken without a rope and normally limited to very short climbs over a crash pad so that a fall will not result in serious injury. It is typically practiced on large natural boulders or artificial boulders in gyms and outdoor urban areas...

, with over 2500 problems described in the local guidebook.

Another activity for which Squamish is well known is mountain biking, with over 600 trails suitable to all abilities surrounding the town. One of the more famous events supported by the Mountain Biking Community is the Test of Metal
Test of Metal
The Test of Metal is a 67-kilometre cross-country mountain bike race held annually in and around Squamish, British Columbia.The demanding course, with over 1,200 metres of climbing and 35 kilometres of singletrack, takes just under three hours for the fastest riders and between four and five hours...

, a 67-kilometre, cross-country, mountain-bike race held annually in late June. Limited to 800 riders, the 2007 race sold out in under an hour.

Other tourist attractions in Squamish include Shannon Falls waterfall; river-rafting on the Elaho
Elaho River
The Elaho River is a c.70 km long river beginning in the Coast Mountains northwest of the towns of Whistler and Pemberton, British Columbia. It is a tributary of the Squamish River and is known for its whitewater rafting and kayaking as well as for the intense alpine scenery lining its...

 and Squamish
Squamish River
The Squamish River is a short but very large river in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Its drainage basin is in size. The total length of the Squamish River is approximately .-Course:...

 rivers; wind surfing and kite surfing at the mouth of the Squamish River; snowmobiling on nearby Brohm Ridge; and bald eagle
Bald Eagle
The Bald Eagle is a bird of prey found in North America. It is the national bird and symbol of the United States of America. This sea eagle has two known sub-species and forms a species pair with the White-tailed Eagle...

 viewing in the community of Brackendale, which has one of North America's largest populations of bald eagles. Squamish is also a popular destination among Greater Vancouver
Greater Vancouver
Greater Vancouver is the metropolitan area centred on the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, roughly coterminous with the Greater Vancouver Regional District, which is governed by a body known as Metro Vancouver...

 hikers, mountaineers
Mountaineering
Mountaineering or mountain climbing is the sport, hobby or profession of hiking, skiing, and climbing mountains. While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of unclimbed mountains it has branched into specialisations that address different aspects of the mountain and consists...

 and backcountry skiers
Backcountry skiing
Backcountry skiing is skiing in a sparsely inhabited rural region over ungroomed and unmarked slopes or pistes, including skiing in unmarked or unpatrolled areas either within the ski resort's boundaries or in the backcountry, frequently amongst trees , usually in pursuit of fresh fallen powder...

, who visit the large provincial parks in the surrounding Coast Mountains
Coast Mountains
The Coast Mountains are a major mountain range, in the Pacific Coast Ranges, of western North America, extending from southwestern Yukon through the Alaska Panhandle and virtually all of the Coast of British Columbia. They are so-named because of their proximity to the sea coast, and are often...

.

Politics

The current mayor of Squamish is Greg Gardner, who won a landslide victory over local celebrity and recycler Terrill Patterson in the election of 2008. Previous mayors include Ian Sutherland
Ian Sutherland
Ian Sutherland is the mayor of the District of Squamish, British Columbia, Canada.Sutherland has been the mayor of the District of Squamish since November 2002. He won the elections by a large margin in Squamish's first local slate, Squamish New Directions . In the 2005 elections, he again won, but...

 (2002–08, Corinne Lonsdale (1993–2002), Egon Tobus (1990–93), Phil Turner (1983–90), William Elliott
William Elliott
William Elliott may refer to:*William Henry Elliott , British general*William Elliott , lieutenant in the Royal Navy and marine painter*William Elliott , English engraver...

 (1980–83), Izzy Boscariol (1977–80) and Pat Brennan
Pat Brennan
Patrick J. Brennan became the 7th Executive of Broome County, New York on April 21, 2011, filling the vacancy created by the resignation of Barbara J. Fiala.. Pat was endorsed by the Broome County Democratic Committee in February 2011. He was defeated in a special election on November 8, 2011 by...

 (1964–77). Current council members include Doug Race, Rob Kirkham, Corinne Lonsdale, Bryan Raiser, Paul Lalli and Patricia Heintzman. The municipality is also part of the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District
Squamish-Lillooet Regional District, British Columbia
The Squamish-Lillooet Regional District is a quasi-municipal administrative area in British Columbia, Canada. It stretches from Britannia Beach in the south to Pavilion in the north. Lillooet, Pemberton, Whistler and Squamish are the four municipalities in the regional district...

.

On the provincial level, Squamish is in the West Vancouver-Sea to Sky electoral district. The MLA is Joan McIntyre
Joan McIntyre
Joan McIntyre is a BC Liberal Member of the Legislative Assembly, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. She has represented the riding of West Vancouver-Garibaldi, renamed in 2009 to West Vancouver-Sea to Sky, since the 2005 election....

 (BC Liberal
British Columbia Liberal Party
The British Columbia Liberal Party is the governing political party in British Columbia, Canada. First elected for government in 1916, the party went into decline after 1952, with its rump caucus merging with the Social Credit Party for the 1975 election...

). She was first elected in the 2005 provincial election
British Columbia general election, 2005
The 38th British Columbia general election was held on May 17, 2005, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of British Columbia , Canada. The BC Liberal Party formed the government of the province prior to this general election under the leadership of Premier Gordon Campbell...

 and re-elected in the 2009 provincial election
British Columbia general election, 2009
The 39th British Columbia general election was held on May 12, 2009 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The BC Liberal Party formed the government of the province prior to this general election under the leadership of Premier Gordon Campbell...

.

Federally, Squamish is a part of the West Vancouver – Sunshine Coast – Sea to Sky Country electoral district. It is represented by John Weston
John Weston (politician)
John Weston, MP is a Canadian politician, who was elected to represent the electoral district of West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country in the 2008 Canadian federal election. He is a member of the Conservative Party....

 (Conservative Party of Canada), who took office after Canada's 2008 federal election
Canadian federal election, 2008
The 2008 Canadian federal election was held on Tuesday, October 14, 2008 to elect members to the Canadian House of Commons of the 40th Canadian Parliament after the previous parliament had been dissolved by the Governor General on September 7, 2008...

.

Education

Squamish has six public elementary schools: Brackendale, Garibaldi Highlands, Mamquam, Squamish Elementary, Stawamus Elementary and Valleycliffe Elementary. There are two secondary schools – Howe Sound Secondary School
Howe Sound Secondary School
Howe Sound Secondary is a public Secondary school in Squamish, British Columbia part of School District 48 Howe Sound. It is the largest school in the district, and is the only school in Squamish to offer grades 10 and 12....

 and Don Ross Secondary School – as well as the board office for School District 48 Howe Sound
School District 48 Howe Sound
School District 48 Sea to Sky is a school district in British Columbia. It covers the area known as the Sea to Sky corridor that starts north of Lions Bay to the ski resort area of Whistler. This includes the major centres of Squamish and Pemberton....

. There is also a Waldorf school and a Montsesori school.

Capilano University offers post-secondary education through its Squamish campus, including diploma programs and university transfer courses. Quest University
Quest University
Quest University Canada is a private non-profit liberal arts and sciences university in Squamish, British Columbia, Canada. The university opened in September 2007 with an enrolment of 74 students; its current enrolment is 300. Quest University is located on a mountain-top campus on the edge of...

 (located in the Garibaldi Highlands neighbourhood) opened in September 2007. It is Canada's first private, non-profit, secular university.

Social and cultural

Squamish is home to a variety of faiths. There are eleven churches and religious organizations, including several Christian denominations, as well as the Bahá'í Faith
Bahá'í Faith
The Bahá'í Faith is a monotheistic religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in 19th-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind. There are an estimated five to six million Bahá'ís around the world in more than 200 countries and territories....

, and a Sikh
Sikh
A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism. It primarily originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region of South Asia. The term "Sikh" has its origin in Sanskrit term शिष्य , meaning "disciple, student" or शिक्ष , meaning "instruction"...

 temple.

Squamish was the primary filming location of ABC
American Broadcasting Company
The American Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network. Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. Its first broadcast on television was in 1948...

's romantic comedy-drama television series Men In Trees
Men in Trees
Men in Trees is an American romantic television dramedy series which premiered on September 12, 2006 on ABC and starred Anne Heche who played relationship coach Marin Frist. The series was set in the fictional town of Elmo, Alaska and concerned Marin Frist's misadventures in relationships...

and was featured prominently in a Season 4 episode of the American television series Supernatural
Supernatural (TV series)
Supernatural is an American supernatural and horror television series created by Eric Kripke, which debuted on September 13, 2005 on The WB, and is now part of The CW's lineup. Starring Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, the series follows the brothers as they...

 titled "Wishful Thinking". It is also currently the filming location for Global TV's drama/action series The Guard.

Squamish (Garibaldi Highlands) was also the filming location for the 1993 movie `Free Willy` scene where Jason James Richter bikes down the hill to the bay (Howe Sound). It is also featured in the 2008 movie `Chaos Theory`.

In 1998, Squamish was briefly the home of the world's first unionized McDonald's
McDonald's
McDonald's Corporation is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving around 64 million customers daily in 119 countries. Headquartered in the United States, the company began in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant operated by the eponymous Richard and Maurice McDonald; in 1948...

 franchise, although the union was decertified by the summer of 1999.

Squamish received an influx of visitors during the 2010 Olympics
2010 Winter Olympics
The 2010 Winter Olympics, officially the XXI Olympic Winter Games or the 21st Winter Olympics, were a major international multi-sport event held from February 12–28, 2010, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, with some events held in the suburbs of Richmond, West Vancouver and the University...

, as it was a convenient place to stay seeing as it is equidistant from Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is the hub of Greater Vancouver, which, with over 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,...

 and Whistler Ski Resort
Whistler, British Columbia
Whistler is a Canadian resort town in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in the province of British Columbia, Canada, approximately north of Vancouver...

, where most events were held. In addition, the Transportation Team base for 4 transit companies contracted to operate services for the Vancouver2010 Olympics was located on Queens Way from December 2009 until April 12, 2010.

Squamish is also home to a well-established hardcore punk
Hardcore punk
Hardcore punk is an underground music genre that originated in the late 1970s, following the mainstream success of punk rock. Hardcore is generally faster, thicker, and heavier than earlier punk rock. The origin of the term "hardcore punk" is uncertain. The Vancouver-based band D.O.A...

 community in part, due to their proximity to the thriving music scenes of Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is the hub of Greater Vancouver, which, with over 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,...


Climate

Squamish is one of the wettest locations in Canada, with nearly 2400 millimetres of rainfall per year, often falling in long stretches through the winter. Snow is not typical in winter, but can fall in heavy amounts with 50-centimetre accumulations not uncommon, although it often melts quickly.

Transit

Public transportation is provided by the Squamish Transit System this service is free over the summer to students at school age (elementary and secondary). There is also bus service to Whistler
Whistler, British Columbia
Whistler is a Canadian resort town in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in the province of British Columbia, Canada, approximately north of Vancouver...

 provided by the Whistler and Valley Express
Whistler and Valley Express
Whistler Transit Ltd., a division of Pacific Western Transportation, operates the public transit service in Whistler and the Pemberton Valley area of British Columbia, Canada. Buses operate every day between 5:30 a.m. and 3 a.m...

.

Notable Squamish residents

  • Dan Druet, An extreme kite boarder
    Kite boarding
    Kite boarding is a sport based on kitesurfing and snowboarding. It involves the use of a snowboard, with the most obsessed riders buying or building slightly modified snowboards for greater impacts, creating, essentially, a sturdy snowboard, as well as the use of a kite similar to the kite used in...

    , who travels around the pro-kiteboard race circuit winning gold medals consistently.
  • Mike Carney, now a realtor, is a former ski racer who had been a member of the Canadian Olympic downhill ski team.
  • Mike Sweeney
    Mike Sweeney (soccer)
    Michael "Mike" Sweeney is a former Canadian soccer player.-NASL:In 1980, the Edmonton Drillers of the North American Soccer League signed Sweeney. He spent three seasons with the Drillers before moving to the Vancouver Whitecaps for the 1983 season...

    , who grew up in Squamish, competed in the 1984 Olympics with Team Canada in the sport of soccer.
  • Neal Kindree, World Cup mountain bike racer
    Mountain bike racing
    The Union Cycliste Internationale recognised the sport of mountain bike racing relatively late in 1990, when it sanctioned the world championships in Purgatory, Colorado. The first mountain biking world cup series took place in 1991. Its nine-race circuit covered two continents—Europe and North...

    .
  • Linda Firbank: 2008 Recipient of the Premier's Award for Teaching Excellence in the category of Skills Training & Career Prep.
  • Daniel Cudmore
    Daniel Cudmore
    Daniel Cudmore is a Canadian actor perhaps best known for his role as the mutant Colossus in the X-Men movies.He was born and raised in Squamish, British Columbia, to English parents Sue Bailey, who works for the British Columbia Film Commission, and Richard Cudmore, a doctor...

     – actor
  • Ashley Nugent - 2004 National Junior Curling Champion
  • Jesse Pettersen – Professional Long Drive golfer, placed 4th at 2007 Remax World Long Drive Championship.
  • Hilary Lindh
    Hilary Lindh
    Hilary Lindh is a former alpine ski racer.Born in Juneau, Alaska, Lindh was just 14 when she was named to the U.S. Ski Team. By 16, she had become the first American to win a World Junior Championships downhill title. All this was done while with Kathy Miklossy and Alex Mitkus in Utah, away from...

     – US Olympic silver medalist at the 1992 Albertville Winter Games.
  • Maëlle Ricker
    Maelle Ricker
    Maëlle Danica Ricker is a Canadian snowboarder who currently resides in Squamish, British Columbia. She won the Gold Medal in the snowboard cross event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, becoming the first Canadian woman to win a gold medal on home soil at the Olympics.-Career:As a young...

     – Canadian Olympic gold medalist at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games in the Snowboard Cross.
  • Joe Eppele
    Joe Eppele
    Joseph Eppele is a professional Canadian football offensive lineman for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted second overall by the Argonauts in the 2010 CFL Draft, being the first offensive lineman taken while being ranked fifth overall by the CFL's Amateur...

     – CFL: Drafted by Toronto Argonauts
    Toronto Argonauts
    The Toronto Argonauts are a professional Canadian football team competing in the East Division of the Canadian Football League. The Toronto, Ontario based team was founded in 1873 and is one of the oldest existing professional sports teams in North America, after the Chicago Cubs and the Atlanta...

     in 2010 as an offensive linesman.


See also

  • Garibaldi Lake volcanic field
  • Mount Cayley volcanic field
    Mount Cayley volcanic field
    The Mount Cayley volcanic field is a remote volcanic zone on the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada, stretching from the Pemberton Icefield to the Squamish River. It forms a segment of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, the Canadian portion of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, which extends from Northern...

  • Squamish volcanic field
    Squamish volcanic field
    The Squamish volcanic field is a small north-south trending volcanic field on the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It extends for only about from the eastern side of Howe Sound northeast of Britannia Beach to the heavily forested slope on the western side of the Squamish River mouth...


External links

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