Sulfonylurea
Overview
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced...
type 2
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Diabetes mellitus type 2formerly non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetesis a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Diabetes is often initially managed by increasing exercise and...
. They act by increasing insulin
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
release from the beta cell
Beta cell
Beta cells are a type of cell in the pancreas located in the so-called islets of Langerhans. They make up 65-80% of the cells in the islets.-Function:...
s in the pancreas
Pancreas
The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
.
- CarbutamideCarbutamideCarbutamide is an anti-diabetic drug of the sulfonylurea class, developed by Servier.It is classified as first-generation....
- AcetohexamideAcetohexamideAcetohexamide is a first-generation sulfonylurea medication used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2, particularly in people whose diabetes cannot be controlled by diet alone.-Mechanism of action:...
- ChlorpropamideChlorpropamideChlorpropamide is a drug in the sulphonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a long-acting sulphonylurea. It has more side effects than other sulphonylureas and its use is no longer recommended.-Mechanism of action:...
- TolbutamideTolbutamideTolbutamide is a first generation potassium channel blocker, sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic drug sold under the brand name Orinase. This drug may be used in the management of type II diabetes if diet alone is not effective. Tolbutamide stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas...
- TolazamideTolazamideTolazamide is an oral blood glucose lowering drug used for people with Type 2 diabetes. It is part of the sulfonylurea family .-Synthesis:para-Toluenesulfonamide is converted to its carbamate with ethyl chloroformate in the presence of a base...
- GlipizideGlipizideGlipizide is an oral medium-to-long acting anti-diabetic drug from the sulfonylurea class. It is classified as a second generation sulfonylurea, which means that it undergoes enterohepatic circulation. The structure on the R2 group is a much larger cyclo or aromatic group compared to the 1st...
- GliclazideGliclazideGliclazide is an oral hypoglycemic and is classified as a sulfonylurea. It is marketed as Glizid, Glyloc and Reclide in India and Diamicron in Canada. In the Philippines, Servier markets it as Diamicron MR, like in most countries across the world. Many generic equivalents are also available e.g....
- GlibenclamideGlibenclamideGlibenclamide , also known as glyburide , is an antidiabetic drug in a class of medications known as sulfonylureas, closely related to sulfa drugs...
(glyburide) - GliquidoneGliquidoneGliquidone is an anti-diabetic drug in the sulfonylurea class. It is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. It is marketed by the pharmaceutical company Boehriger Ingelheim, Germany....
- GlyclopyramideGlyclopyramideGlyclopyramide is a sulfonylurea drug used in the treatment of diabetes. It has been marketed in Japan since 1965.It is classified as second generation.-References:...
- GlimepirideGlimepirideGlimepiride is a medium-to-long acting sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drug. It is marketed as Amaryl by Sanofi-Aventis and GLIMY by Dr.Reddy's Labs...
All sulfonylureas contain a central S-phenylsulfonylurea structure with a p- substituent on the phenyl ring (R) and various groups terminating the urea N′ end group (R2).
Sulfonylureas bind to an ATP-dependent K+(KATP) channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cell
Beta cell
Beta cells are a type of cell in the pancreas located in the so-called islets of Langerhans. They make up 65-80% of the cells in the islets.-Function:...
s.
