Svealand Swedish
Encyclopedia
Svealand Swedish is one of the six major groupings of Swedish dialects, clearly distinguished from Finland-Swedish
, and the Swedish spoken in Svealand
.
A major characteristic of Svealand Swedish is the coalescence
of the alveolar trill
with following dental and alveolar consonant
s — also over word-boundaries — that transforms them into retroflex consonant
s that in some cases reduces the distinction between words (as for instance vana — varna, i.e. "habit" — "warn"). This feature is also found in East Norwegian
, North Swedish
and in some dialects of Scottish Gaelic
.
+ /l/ → [ɭ] + /n/ → [ɳ] + /s/ → [ʂ] + /t/ → [ʈ]
A special development holds for rd: + /d/ → [ɽ]
One high-status variety
of Swedish, that of the capital region of Stockholm
–Uppsala
, sometimes ambiguously designated as rikssvenska, belongs to Svealand Swedish, though /r/ + /d/ → [ɖ] is employed instead of the traditional transformation to a flap.
Finland-Swedish
Finland Swedish is a general term for the closely related cluster of dialects of Swedish spoken in Finland by Swedish-speaking Finns as their mother tongue...
, and the Swedish spoken in Svealand
Svealand
Svealand , Swealand or Sweden proper is the historical core region of Sweden. It is located in south central Sweden and is one of three lands of Sweden, bounded to the north by Norrland and to the south by Götaland. Deep forests, Tiveden, Tylöskog, Kolmården, separated Svealand from Götaland...
.
A major characteristic of Svealand Swedish is the coalescence
Assimilation (linguistics)
Assimilation is a common phonological process by which the sound of the ending of one word blends into the sound of the beginning of the following word. This occurs when the parts of the mouth and vocal cords start to form the beginning sounds of the next word before the last sound has been...
of the alveolar trill
Alveolar trill
The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar trills is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r. It is commonly called the rolled R, rolling R, or trilled R...
with following dental and alveolar consonant
Alveolar consonant
Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli of the superior teeth...
s — also over word-boundaries — that transforms them into retroflex consonant
Retroflex consonant
A retroflex consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants, especially in Indology...
s that in some cases reduces the distinction between words (as for instance vana — varna, i.e. "habit" — "warn"). This feature is also found in East Norwegian
Norwegian language
Norwegian is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is the official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants .These Scandinavian languages together with the Faroese language...
, North Swedish
Swedish language
Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along its coast and on the Åland islands. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish...
and in some dialects of Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic language
Scottish Gaelic is a Celtic language native to Scotland. A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish, and thus descends ultimately from Primitive Irish....
.
+ /l/ → [ɭ] + /n/ → [ɳ] + /s/ → [ʂ] + /t/ → [ʈ]
A special development holds for rd: + /d/ → [ɽ]
One high-status variety
Variety (linguistics)
In sociolinguistics a variety, also called a lect, is a specific form of a language or language cluster. This may include languages, dialects, accents, registers, styles or other sociolinguistic variation, as well as the standard variety itself...
of Swedish, that of the capital region of Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
–Uppsala
Uppsala
- Economy :Today Uppsala is well established in medical research and recognized for its leading position in biotechnology.*Abbott Medical Optics *GE Healthcare*Pfizer *Phadia, an offshoot of Pharmacia*Fresenius*Q-Med...
, sometimes ambiguously designated as rikssvenska, belongs to Svealand Swedish, though /r/ + /d/ → [ɖ] is employed instead of the traditional transformation to a flap.