Tang Yulin
Encyclopedia
Tang Yulin was a Chinese warlord in the Fengtien clique and Chairman of the government of Rehe
(Jehol).
, Liaoning
. In 1902 he joined the Fengtian First Road Defense Sentry patrol battalion as an officer. In 1912 he was given command of the 27th Regiment, 27th Cavalry Division and the following year was promoted to command the 52nd Brigade. In 1917 he participated in Zhang Xun
's Manchu restoration, after Duan Qirui
defeated Zhang he fled to Fuxin to live in seclusion.
In 1919, Tang returned to be appointed as a Fengtian inspection official for the three Northeastern provinces. In May 1921, Tang was appointed the Fengtian army 11th Brigade Commander. During the Second Zhili-Fengtian War
in 1924 he commanded the Fengtian 11th Infantry Division.
In 1926 was appointed to command Fengtian's 12th Army and to the chairmanship of the government of Rehe which he was to hold from April 5, 1926 to July 1932. After the Chinese reunification
at the end of the Northern Expedition, Tang was confirmed in his control of Rehe by the Kuomintang
and made governor and commander of the 36th Division. Tang Yulin's many exactions, and taxes gave him a great deal of revenue that he used to purchase luxury residences in the Italian concession in Tianjin
. He also engaged in the opium trade, having an opium factory at his residence in Chengde and sold Manchu antiques in the Treaty ports.
In late February 1933 Japanese attacked Jehol in the Battle of Rehe
in Operation Nekka. With insufficient troops and those he had poorly equipped and led, his defenses soon fell, despite the mountainous terrain and snow storms hindering the Japanese. Some of his officers went over to the Japanese. With his capital soon to fall, Tang diverted 200 trucks assigned to support his army to transport his wealth to Tianjin. When they were stopped and the cargo seized at the Great Wall, Zhang Xueliang
ordered Tang arrested. Tang fled the province with a 200 man bodyguard, into Chahar along with remnants of his provincial forces.
On September 10, 1933 Tang met with Fang Zhenwu
, Ji Hongchang
and Liu Guitang
, the remaining leaders of the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army
at Yunzhou
where it was reorganized. Tang was made its Deputy Commander-in-chief. Liu Guitang was persuaded to switch sides by Song Zheyuan
and blocked Tang from marching to join Ji and Fang in their march south on Peiking. After the failure of Fang Zhenwu and Ji Hongchang's march on Peiking, Tang turned on Liu Guitang and drove him out of Chahar in December 1933.
In May 1934, Tang became a senior adviser to Song Zheyuan in command of the Beijing Government and 29th Army. Six months later he had to resign and retire to his residence in the Italian concession in Tianjin. There he died in May 1937.
Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2004, ISBN 0786713186
Rehe
Rehe , also known as Jehol, is a defunct Chinese Special administrative district and later province.-Administration:Rehe was located north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria, and east of Mongolia. The capital of Rehe was the city of Chengde. The second largest city in the province was Chaoyang,...
(Jehol).
Biography
Tang Yulin was born in 1871 in FuxinFuxin
-Economy:Fuxin is a mining center in an agricultural region.The city suffers from the over-mining of coal, which is low in supply while fundamental in Fuxin's economy. As the coal mines run dry, Fuxin is trying to find other industries to keep its economy going...
, Liaoning
Liaoning
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
. In 1902 he joined the Fengtian First Road Defense Sentry patrol battalion as an officer. In 1912 he was given command of the 27th Regiment, 27th Cavalry Division and the following year was promoted to command the 52nd Brigade. In 1917 he participated in Zhang Xun
Zhang Xun (Republic of China)
Zhang Xun was a Qing-loyalist general who attempted to restore the abdicated emperor Puyi in 1917. He supported Yuan Shikai during his time as president....
's Manchu restoration, after Duan Qirui
Duan Qirui
Duan Qirui was a Chinese warlord and politician, commander in the Beiyang Army, and the Provisional Chief Executive of Republic of China from November 24, 1924 to April 20, 1926. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920.- Early life :Born in Hefei as Duan Qirui , his...
defeated Zhang he fled to Fuxin to live in seclusion.
In 1919, Tang returned to be appointed as a Fengtian inspection official for the three Northeastern provinces. In May 1921, Tang was appointed the Fengtian army 11th Brigade Commander. During the Second Zhili-Fengtian War
Second Zhili-Fengtian War
The Second Zhili–Fengtian War of 1924 was a conflict between the Japanese-backed Fengtian clique based in Manchuria, and the more liberal Zhili clique controlling Beijing and backed by Anglo-American business interests...
in 1924 he commanded the Fengtian 11th Infantry Division.
In 1926 was appointed to command Fengtian's 12th Army and to the chairmanship of the government of Rehe which he was to hold from April 5, 1926 to July 1932. After the Chinese reunification
Chinese reunification (1928)
Chinese reunification , better known in Chinese history as the Northeast Flag Replacement , is a historical term that refers to Zhang Xueliang's announcement on December 29, 1928 on replacing all banners of the Beiyang Government in Manchuria to the flag of the Nationalist Government, thus...
at the end of the Northern Expedition, Tang was confirmed in his control of Rehe by the Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
and made governor and commander of the 36th Division. Tang Yulin's many exactions, and taxes gave him a great deal of revenue that he used to purchase luxury residences in the Italian concession in Tianjin
Tianjin
' is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government...
. He also engaged in the opium trade, having an opium factory at his residence in Chengde and sold Manchu antiques in the Treaty ports.
In late February 1933 Japanese attacked Jehol in the Battle of Rehe
Battle of Rehe
The Battle of Rehe was the second part of Operation Nekka, a campaign by which the Empire of Japan successfully captured the Inner Mongolian province of Rehe from the Chinese warlord Zhang Xueliang and annexed it to the new state of Manchukuo...
in Operation Nekka. With insufficient troops and those he had poorly equipped and led, his defenses soon fell, despite the mountainous terrain and snow storms hindering the Japanese. Some of his officers went over to the Japanese. With his capital soon to fall, Tang diverted 200 trucks assigned to support his army to transport his wealth to Tianjin. When they were stopped and the cargo seized at the Great Wall, Zhang Xueliang
Zhang Xueliang
Zhang Xueliang or Chang Hsüeh-liang , occasionally called Peter Hsueh Liang Chang in English, nicknamed the Young Marshal , was the effective ruler of Manchuria and much of North China after the assassination of his father, Zhang Zuolin, by the Japanese on 4 June 1928...
ordered Tang arrested. Tang fled the province with a 200 man bodyguard, into Chahar along with remnants of his provincial forces.
On September 10, 1933 Tang met with Fang Zhenwu
Fang Zhenwu
Fang Zhenwu was a Chinese military officer in the early twentieth century.-Biography:Fang was born in 1885 in Shou County, Lu'an, Anhui province, in the Empire of China. He took part in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and joined the revolutionary New Army in Shanghai...
, Ji Hongchang
Ji Hongchang
Ji Hongchang, was a Chinese general and patriot.-Biography:Ji Hongchang was born in 1895, in Fugou, Henan province of China. He started his military career in 1913 under the leadership of Gen. Feng Yuxiang. He was the commander of the 22nd Army when he was nominated as Ningxia chairman...
and Liu Guitang
Liu Guitang
Liu Guitang, Liu Kuei-tang, 刘桂堂,. Chinese bandit and soldier, involved in the Japanese attempt to control Chahar province in 1933. Noted for switching sides several times and returning to banditry...
, the remaining leaders of the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army
Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army
The Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army consisted mostly of former Northwestern Army units under Feng Yuxiang, troops from Fang Zhenwu's Resisting Japan and Saving China Army, remnants of the provincial forces from Jehol, Anti-Japanese volunteers from Manchuria and local forces from Chahar and Suiyuan...
at Yunzhou
Yunzhou
Yunzhou Township is a township in northwestern Hebei province, People's Republic of China, on the upper reaches of the Bai River. It is under the administration of Chicheng County, to the south-southeast.-History:...
where it was reorganized. Tang was made its Deputy Commander-in-chief. Liu Guitang was persuaded to switch sides by Song Zheyuan
Song Zheyuan
Sòng Zhéyuán was a Chinese general during the Chinese Civil War and Sino-Japanese War .- Early life and education :...
and blocked Tang from marching to join Ji and Fang in their march south on Peiking. After the failure of Fang Zhenwu and Ji Hongchang's march on Peiking, Tang turned on Liu Guitang and drove him out of Chahar in December 1933.
In May 1934, Tang became a senior adviser to Song Zheyuan in command of the Beijing Government and 29th Army. Six months later he had to resign and retire to his residence in the Italian concession in Tianjin. There he died in May 1937.
Sources
- Fenby, Jonathan, Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2004, ISBN 0786713186
- 中国抗日战争正面战场作战记 China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations
- Author : Guo Rugui, editor-in-chief Huang Yuzhang
- Press : Jiangsu People's Publishing House
- Date published : 2005-7-1
- ISBN 7214030349
- Online in Chinese http://www.wehoo.net/book/wlwh/a30012/A0170.htm#- Book about the Chinese and Mongolians who fought for the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese WarSecond Sino-Japanese WarThe Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
.