Television in Denmark
Encyclopedia
Television in Denmark was established in the 1950s
Timeline of the introduction of television in countries
This is a list of when the first publicly announced television broadcasts occurred in the mentioned countries. Non-public field tests and closed circuit demonstrations are not included....

 and was run by a monopoly with only one channel available until the 1980s.

History

The first television broadcasts in Denmark started on 2 October 1951. These were carried out by the national radio broadcaster Statsradiofonien
Danmarks Radio
DR – officially rendered into English as the Danish Broadcasting Corporation – is Denmark's national broadcasting corporation. Founded in 1925 as a public-service organization, it is today Denmark's oldest and largest electronic media enterprise...

 and consisted of a one hour broadcast three times per week. The broadcasts were initially limited to a few hundred homes in the capital area.

Daily broadcasts started in 1954. With the opening of the Gladsaxe
Gladsaxe
Gladsaxe Kommune is a municipality near Copenhagen in Region Hovedstaden on the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 25 km², and has a total population of 62,562...

 transmitter, most of Zealand could watch television. The entire country was covered in 1960 when the transmitter on Bornholm
Bornholm
Bornholm is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea located to the east of the rest of Denmark, the south of Sweden, and the north of Poland. The main industries on the island include fishing, arts and crafts like glass making and pottery using locally worked clay, and dairy farming. Tourism is...

 opened. Statsradiofonien was renamed Danmarks Radio
Danmarks Radio
DR – officially rendered into English as the Danish Broadcasting Corporation – is Denmark's national broadcasting corporation. Founded in 1925 as a public-service organization, it is today Denmark's oldest and largest electronic media enterprise...

 (DR) in 1959.

The first news programme, TV-Avisen, started in 1965. Colour television started test transmissions in 1967, with colour television becoming the norm in filming and broadcasting from 1970 on.

In 1983, DR started trials with the regional television station TV Syd. Local television started in many parts of the country, challenging the DR monopoly. The monopoly on national television ended on 1 October 1988, when TV 2
TV 2 (Denmark)
TV 2 is a publicly owned television station in Denmark based in Odense. The station began broadcasting on 1 October 1988, thereby ending the television monopoly previously exercised by the Danmarks Radio ....

 started. TV 2 was located in Odense
Odense
The city of Odense is the third largest city in Denmark.Odense City has a population of 167,615 and is the main city of the island of Funen...

 on Funen
Funen
Funen , with a size of 2,984 km² , is the third-largest island of Denmark following Zealand and Vendsyssel-Thy, and the 163rd largest island of the world. Funen is located in the central part of the country and has a population of 454,358 inhabitants . The main city is Odense, connected to the...

 and received funding from both advertising and the television license. Eight regional stations were established within TV 2, one of which was TV Syd. Interrupting programmes for commercials was illegal (and still is, as of 2007), so commercials were broadcast between the programmes.

The first private satellite channel broadcasting in the Scandinavian languages had started in 1987 and was known as TV3. A separate Danish version
TV3 (Denmark)
TV3 Denmark is a Danish television station.TV3 is one of the channels owned by the Viasat Corporation. The sister channel is TV3+. The channels shows a lot of American and British shows, such as: Extreme Makeover: Home Edition, NCIS, Las Vegas, Bones, Two And A Half Men, Prison Break, American Idol...

 started in 1990. TV3 was broadcasting from London and could therefore avoid the Danish advertising laws. TV3 launched a sister channel known as 3+ in 1996, by merging its two former channels TV6 and ZTV.

DR launched a satellite channel on 30 August 1996. It was known as DR2
DR2
DR2 is a Danish television station. It is part of Danmarks Radio, the public service broadcasting company of Denmark.It was launched in 1996 as a satellite-/cable-only channel. This was highly controversial at the time, as it was considered close to a breach of public service principles that the...

, and the first channel changed its name to DR1
DR1
DR1 is a Danish national television channel, produced by the public service broadcaster, DR. It was the first television station to be established in Denmark, and began broadcasting in 1951 – at first only for an hour a day three times a week....

 accordingly.

The local television stations weren't allowed to network, which mean't that two stations couldn't show one programme at the same time. In 1997, the rules were relaxed, allowing the stations to simulcast a programme at the same time. This gave birth to the TV Danmark network.

TV 2 started a second channel in 2000. It was known as TV 2 Zulu
TV 2 Zulu
TV 2 Zulu is a Danish television station which started broadcasting on 15 October 2000. It is primarily aimed at viewers between 15 and 30 years of age....

 and was a solely commercial venture. It was initially a free channel, but was changed into a pay channel in 2003. TV 2 have since launched various pay channels such as TV 2 Charlie
TV 2 Charlie
TV 2 Charlie is a Danish television channel owned by TV 2. It was launched on 1 October 2004. The channel is primarily aimed at audiences over 50. It broadcasts from 13:00 in the afternoon to 01:00 in the night, and is available by cable and satellite only...

, TV 2 Film
TV 2 Film
TV 2 Film is a 24-hour two star movie channel owned by TV 2.It was launched on November 1, 2005 at 9 p.m. First to air was Danish feature film The Green Butchers....

 and TV 2 News
TV 2 News
TV 2 News is a Danish language television news channel which started broadcasting on 1 December 2006...

.

SBS, owners of TV Danmark, launched a sister channel called TV Danmark 1
Kanal 5 (Denmark)
Kanal 5 is a Danish subscription television channel operated by ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG.The station is broadcast to Denmark by satellite from London, showing mainly films, US drama shows and sports....

 in 2002. The original channel became TV Danmark 2. Just as TV3 and TV3+, TV Danmark 1 was broadcast from London. On 4 April 2004, TV Danmark 1 became Kanal 5
Kanal 5 (Denmark)
Kanal 5 is a Danish subscription television channel operated by ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG.The station is broadcast to Denmark by satellite from London, showing mainly films, US drama shows and sports....

. TV Danmark was renamed Kanal 4
Kanal 4
Kanal 4 is a Danish subscription television channel operated by ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG.The station is broadcast to Denmark by satellite from London, showing mainly films, US and drama shows.Kanal 4 profile them self as Denmark's only "women's channel"....

 on 3 April 2006 and left the terrestrial network on 1 January 2007. It was replaced by SBS Net, owned by the same company.

As both DR and TV 2 are owned by the state, the state-owned broadcasters have a relatively high viewing share, by European standards. When a new centre-right government was elected in 2001, it announced that it would privatize TV 2 within 100 days. This failed, but TV 2 was transformed into a government-owned company (aktieselskab
Aktieselskab
An aktieselskab is the Danish name for a stock-based corporation. An aktieselskab can be both publicly traded and private.-Liability:...

) in 2003. TV 2 received license funding for the national channel for the last time in 2004.

Digital terrestrial television

Digital terrestrial television was officially launched in the country in March 2006, initially only carrying DR1
DR1
DR1 is a Danish national television channel, produced by the public service broadcaster, DR. It was the first television station to be established in Denmark, and began broadcasting in 1951 – at first only for an hour a day three times a week....

, DR2
DR2
DR2 is a Danish television station. It is part of Danmarks Radio, the public service broadcasting company of Denmark.It was launched in 1996 as a satellite-/cable-only channel. This was highly controversial at the time, as it was considered close to a breach of public service principles that the...

 and TV 2
TV 2 (Denmark)
TV 2 is a publicly owned television station in Denmark based in Odense. The station began broadcasting on 1 October 1988, thereby ending the television monopoly previously exercised by the Danmarks Radio ....

. The analogue broadcasts were shut down on 31 October 2009.

As of February 2008, only one national multiplex is available, broadcasting DR1
DR1
DR1 is a Danish national television channel, produced by the public service broadcaster, DR. It was the first television station to be established in Denmark, and began broadcasting in 1951 – at first only for an hour a day three times a week....

, DR2
DR2
DR2 is a Danish television station. It is part of Danmarks Radio, the public service broadcasting company of Denmark.It was launched in 1996 as a satellite-/cable-only channel. This was highly controversial at the time, as it was considered close to a breach of public service principles that the...

, TV 2
TV 2 (Denmark)
TV 2 is a publicly owned television station in Denmark based in Odense. The station began broadcasting on 1 October 1988, thereby ending the television monopoly previously exercised by the Danmarks Radio ....

 and a channel shared by DR Update
DR Update
DR Update is a Danish television news channel broadcast by Danmarks Radio. It is developed for viewing on computer with Internet access and will be streamed in broadcast quality. Although the channel is primarily aimed at web distribution, it is also available on regular broadcast television from...

 and sign language simulcast of DR/TV2 news using the DVB-T
DVB-T
DVB-T is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting — Terrestrial; it is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in the UK in 1998...

 technology and MPEG-2
MPEG-2
MPEG-2 is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information". It describes a combination of lossy video compression and lossy audio data compression methods which permit storage and transmission of movies using currently available storage media and transmission...

 compression in 64-QAM
Quadrature amplitude modulation
Quadrature amplitude modulation is both an analog and a digital modulation scheme. It conveys two analog message signals, or two digital bit streams, by changing the amplitudes of two carrier waves, using the amplitude-shift keying digital modulation scheme or amplitude modulation analog...

 mode.

In November 2009 the terrestrial analogue TV service will be shut down and replaced with 3 DVB-T multiplexes, to be joined by a fourth in November 2010.

History

In 1999, a trial was launched in Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...

 and Zealand. Another trial was launched in 2002 on northern Jutland
Jutland
Jutland , historically also called Cimbria, is the name of the peninsula that juts out in Northern Europe toward the rest of Scandinavia, forming the mainland part of Denmark. It has the North Sea to its west, Kattegat and Skagerrak to its north, the Baltic Sea to its east, and the Danish–German...

, broadcasting the three public service channels and an experimental regional channel called "TV2/Nord-Digital".

In June 2005, a broad majority consisting of Venstre
Venstre (Denmark)
VenstreThe party name is officially not translated into any other language, but is in English often referred to as the Liberal Party. Similar rules apply for the name of the party's youth wing Venstres Ungdom. , full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti , is the largest political party in Denmark...

, the Conservative People's Party
Conservative People's Party (Denmark)
The Conservative People's Party , also known as Conservatives is a Danish political party.-History:The party was founded 1915 based mostly on its predecessor, Højre , but also on the Free Conservatives and a moderate faction of Venstre , the liberals.The party has participated in several coalition...

, the Social Democrats
Social Democrats (Denmark)
The Social Democrats , is a Danish political party committed to the political ideology of social democracy. It is the major coalition partner in Denmark's government since the 2011 parliamentary election, and party leader Helle Thorning-Schmidt is the current Prime Minister of Denmark...

, the Danish Social Liberal Party
Det Radikale Venstre
The Danish Social Liberal Party is a social liberal political party in Denmark. The party is a member of Liberal International and the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party.-Origin:...

, the Socialist People's Party
Socialist People's Party (Denmark)
The Socialist People's Party is a green and socialist political party in Denmark.-1959–69:The SF was founded on 15 February 1959 by Aksel Larsen, a former leader of the Communist Party of Denmark and CIA agent. Larsen was removed from the ranks of the DKP for his criticism over the Soviet...

 and Danish People's Party
Danish People's Party
The Danish People's Party is a political party in Denmark which is frequently described as right-wing populist by political scientists and commentators. The party is led by Pia Kjærsgaard...

 agreed that the analogue broadcasts would cease by the end of October 2009.

National launch

The official launch was made on 31 March 2006 after some months of national trials with one multiplex covering the entire country. It offered the national analogue channels DR1
DR1
DR1 is a Danish national television channel, produced by the public service broadcaster, DR. It was the first television station to be established in Denmark, and began broadcasting in 1951 – at first only for an hour a day three times a week....

 and TV 2
TV 2 (Denmark)
TV 2 is a publicly owned television station in Denmark based in Odense. The station began broadcasting on 1 October 1988, thereby ending the television monopoly previously exercised by the Danmarks Radio ....

, as well as DR2
DR2
DR2 is a Danish television station. It is part of Danmarks Radio, the public service broadcasting company of Denmark.It was launched in 1996 as a satellite-/cable-only channel. This was highly controversial at the time, as it was considered close to a breach of public service principles that the...

, a stream for signed simulcasts of news programmes on the three other channels and the MHP
MHP
MHP may stand for:*Minsk-1 Airport*Montana Highway Patrol*Monty Hall problem*A mental health professional*Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi - a Turkish nationalist political party*Multimedia Home Platform...

 services DR extra and TV 2 Extra. On 19 February 2008, DR Update
DR Update
DR Update is a Danish television news channel broadcast by Danmarks Radio. It is developed for viewing on computer with Internet access and will be streamed in broadcast quality. Although the channel is primarily aimed at web distribution, it is also available on regular broadcast television from...

 started broadcasting on the simulcast channel when this channel was not used for simulcasting (between 17 and 20 o'clock). The multiplex was operated by I/S DIGI-TV, a joint-venture between DR and TV 2.

On 11 June 2007 the Danish Ministry of Culture announced that the six parties had agreed on how the extension of the network would continue. Four multiplexes would be given to a commercial gatekeeper which would be required to have a varied offering and would be chosen through a "beauty contest". Another multiplex, MUX 2, would be made available for public service broadcasting, carrying the children and history channel from DR
Danmarks Radio
DR – officially rendered into English as the Danish Broadcasting Corporation – is Denmark's national broadcasting corporation. Founded in 1925 as a public-service organization, it is today Denmark's oldest and largest electronic media enterprise...

, a parliament channel, more airtime for the TV 2 regions, public access television and further capacity for DR.

It is expected that the new multiplexes will use the more efficient MPEG-4
MPEG-4
MPEG-4 is a method of defining compression of audio and visual digital data. It was introduced in late 1998 and designated a standard for a group of audio and video coding formats and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group under the formal standard ISO/IEC...

 compression. MUX 1 will continue using MPEG-2 until 2012 when it switches to MPEG-4.

On 27 March 2008 Boxer
Boxer TV A/S
Boxer TV A/S is a company that is broadcasting pay television channels on the digital terrestrial television network in Denmark since February 1, 2009...

 got the gatekeeper rights, and will carry about 30 SDTV channels, some HDTV and DVB-H
DVB-H
DVB-H is one of three prevalent mobile TV formats. It is a technical specification for bringing broadcast services to mobile handsets. DVB-H was formally adopted as ETSI standard EN 302 304 in November 2004. The DVB-H specification can be downloaded from the official DVB-H website...

 (from 2010)

Three of the commercial multiplexes will be made available at the analogue switch-off, while the fourth will be available in October 2010. The commercial gatekeeper would be required to carry at least one channel from neighbouring countries and a local channel. A maximum of 25 percent of the capacity could be used for "high-pay" channels (such as Canal+
C More Entertainment
C More Entertainment is a premium television company, operating under the banner CANAL+, that targets the Nordic Countries and with one separate channel in Sweden ....

) and if the gatekeeper would like to offer mobile television (DVB-H
DVB-H
DVB-H is one of three prevalent mobile TV formats. It is a technical specification for bringing broadcast services to mobile handsets. DVB-H was formally adopted as ETSI standard EN 302 304 in November 2004. The DVB-H specification can be downloaded from the official DVB-H website...

), 15 percent of the capacity on multiplex used for mobile television would have to given to DR.

Viewing shares

Viewing shares for different channels, according to TNS-Gallup.
* The figures for 2009 only concern the weeks up to 26 April.
Channels 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
DR1
DR1
DR1 is a Danish national television channel, produced by the public service broadcaster, DR. It was the first television station to be established in Denmark, and began broadcasting in 1951 – at first only for an hour a day three times a week....

28.9 27.6 28.4 29.8 29.8 28.0 27.7 26.4 24.6 23.9
DR2
DR2
DR2 is a Danish television station. It is part of Danmarks Radio, the public service broadcasting company of Denmark.It was launched in 1996 as a satellite-/cable-only channel. This was highly controversial at the time, as it was considered close to a breach of public service principles that the...

2.9 3.3 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.1 4.7
DR Update
DR Update
DR Update is a Danish television news channel broadcast by Danmarks Radio. It is developed for viewing on computer with Internet access and will be streamed in broadcast quality. Although the channel is primarily aimed at web distribution, it is also available on regular broadcast television from...

- - - - - - - - 0.2 0.3
TV 2
TV 2 (Denmark)
TV 2 is a publicly owned television station in Denmark based in Odense. The station began broadcasting on 1 October 1988, thereby ending the television monopoly previously exercised by the Danmarks Radio ....

36.1 34.7 35.3 35.2 35.0 35.8 34.2 33.4 31.2 30.2
TV 2 Zulu
TV 2 Zulu
TV 2 Zulu is a Danish television station which started broadcasting on 15 October 2000. It is primarily aimed at viewers between 15 and 30 years of age....

0.3 2.2 3.1 2.1 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.3
TV 2 Charlie
TV 2 Charlie
TV 2 Charlie is a Danish television channel owned by TV 2. It was launched on 1 October 2004. The channel is primarily aimed at audiences over 50. It broadcasts from 13:00 in the afternoon to 01:00 in the night, and is available by cable and satellite only...

- - - - 0.2 1.0 2.0 2.7 2.4 2.6
TV 2 Film
TV 2 Film
TV 2 Film is a 24-hour two star movie channel owned by TV 2.It was launched on November 1, 2005 at 9 p.m. First to air was Danish feature film The Green Butchers....

- - - - - 0.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2
TV 2 News
TV 2 News
TV 2 News is a Danish language television news channel which started broadcasting on 1 December 2006...

- - - - - - - 0.7 1.8 2.4
Viasat Sport/TV 2 Sport
TV 2 Sport (Denmark)
TV 2 Sport is a Danish sports channel operated as a joint-venture between Danish TV 2 and Swedish Modern Times Group.MTG launched a dedicated Danish version of its Viasat Sport channel in January 2002...

- - 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.2
TV3 9.1 8.0 7.2 6.6 6.0 5.4 5.0 5.3 4.9 4.7
TV3+ 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.1
TV3 Puls
TV3 Puls
TV3 Puls is television channel broadcasting to Denmark. It started broadcasting March 23, 2009.Among the programmes broadcast on the channel from its launch are series such as Mad Men and Pushing Daisies, lifestyle programmes and sports events such as Formula One.-Programming:Recurring elements in...

- - - - - - - - - 0.3
TVDanmark 2/Kanal 4
Kanal 4
Kanal 4 is a Danish subscription television channel operated by ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG.The station is broadcast to Denmark by satellite from London, showing mainly films, US and drama shows.Kanal 4 profile them self as Denmark's only "women's channel"....

5.1 6.3 4.8 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.1 1.2 1.7 1.8
TVDanmark 1/Kanal 5
Kanal 5 (Denmark)
Kanal 5 is a Danish subscription television channel operated by ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG.The station is broadcast to Denmark by satellite from London, showing mainly films, US drama shows and sports....

1.9 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.9
SBS Net/6'eren
6'eren
6'eren is a Danish subscription television channel operated by SBS TV A/S, part of ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG. It replaced SBS net on January 1, 2009....

- - - - - - - 1.0 1.0 1.3
The Voice TV - - - - - - - - 0.3 0.3
Discovery Channel
Discovery Channel Denmark
Discovery Channel is a Danish television channel.The Discovery Channel has been available to Danish viewers since 1989, but started becoming increasingly localised during the 2000s...

- - - 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
Animal Planet
Animal Planet Nordic
Animal Planet Nordic is a television channel broadcasting nature-related documentaries to the Nordic countries.Animal Planet was launched in the Nordic region in 1997. In 2001, the channel received a license to broadcast in the digital terrestrial network in Sweden. By 2008, the channel had...

- - - - - - - - 0.6 0.6
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