Thai lunar calendar - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Thai lunar calendar (literally, Against-the-Sun Moon-Ways), or Dai calendar (傣历), Tai

Tai peoples

The Tai ethnicity refers collectively to the ethnic groups of southern China and Southeast Asia, stretching from Hainan to eastern India and from southern Sichuan to Laos, Thailand, and parts of Vietnam, which speak languages in the Tai family and share similar traditions and festivals, including...

calendar, is Thailand

Thailand

Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...

's version of the lunisolar

Lunisolar calendar

A lunisolar calendar is a calendar in many cultures whose date indicates both the moon phase and the time of the solar year. If the solar year is defined as a tropical year then a lunisolar calendar will give an indication of the season; if it is taken as a sidereal year then the calendar will...

Buddhist calendar

The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma and Sri Lanka in several related forms. It is a lunisolar calendar having months that are alternately 29 and 30 days, with an intercalated day and a 30-day month added at regular intervals...

used in the southeast Asia

Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...

n countries of Cambodia

Cambodia

Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...

, Laos

Laos

Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...

and Burma

Myanmar

Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....

, for calculating lunar-regulated holy days. Based on the third-century Surya Siddhanta Hindu calendar

Hindu calendar

The hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization, and today there are several regional Indian calendars, as well as an Indian national calendar. Nepali calendar, Bengali calendar, Malayalam calendar, Tamil calendar, Telugu calendar, Kannada...

, these combine lunar

Lunar calendar

A lunar calendar is a calendar that is based on cycles of the lunar phase. A common purely lunar calendar is the Islamic calendar or Hijri calendar. A feature of the Islamic calendar is that a year is always 12 months, so the months are not linked with the seasons and drift each solar year by 11 to...

and solar calendar

Solar calendar

A solar calendar is a calendar whose dates indicate the position of the earth on its revolution around the sun .-Tropical solar calendars:...

s for a nominal year

Year

A year is the orbital period of the Earth moving around the Sun. For an observer on Earth, this corresponds to the period it takes the Sun to complete one course throughout the zodiac along the ecliptic....

of 12 month

Month

A month is a unit of time, used with calendars, which was first used and invented in Mesopotamia, as a natural period related to the motion of the Moon; month and Moon are cognates. The traditional concept arose with the cycle of moon phases; such months are synodic months and last approximately...

s. An extra day or an extra 30-day month is intercalated

Intercalation

Intercalation is the insertion of a leap day, week or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follow the seasons or moon phases. Lunisolar calendars may require intercalations of both days and months.- Solar calendars :...

at regular intervals; Thai, Lao, and Cambodian versions do not add an extra day to years with an extra month.

Legal v. religious calendar

The Thai solar calendar

Thai solar calendar

The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakati was adopted by King Chulalongkorn in AD 1888 as the Siamese version of the Gregorian calendar. It is the legal calendar in Thailand, though Thai lunar calendar dates continue in use. Years are now counted in the Buddhist Era that is 543 years greater than...

, Patitin Suriyakati , Thailand's version of the Gregorian calendar

Gregorian calendar

The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter...

, replaced the Patitin Chantarakati in AD 1888 / 2431 BE for legal

Civil law (legal system)

Civil law is a legal system inspired by Roman law and whose primary feature is that laws are codified into collections, as compared to common law systems that gives great precedential weight to common law on the principle that it is unfair to treat similar facts differently on different...

and commercial

Commerce

While business refers to the value-creating activities of an organization for profit, commerce means the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural, and technological systems that are in operation in any...

purposes. In both calendars, the four principal lunar phase

Lunar phase

A lunar phase or phase of the moon is the appearance of the illuminated portion of the Moon as seen by an observer, usually on Earth. The lunar phases change cyclically as the Moon orbits the Earth, according to the changing relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun...

s determine Buddhist Sabbaths (uposatha

Uposatha

The Uposatha is Buddhist day of observance, in existence from the Buddha's time , and still being kept today in Buddhist countries. The Buddha taught that the Uposatha day is for "the cleansing of the defiled mind," resulting in inner calm and joy...

), which are obligatory holy days for observant Buddhists. Significant days also include feast

Wiktionary

Wiktionary is a multilingual, web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in 158 languages...

days. Thai Chinese

Thai Chinese

The Thai Chinese are an overseas Chinese community who live in Thailand. Thailand is home to the largest, oldest, most prominent, and most integrated overseas Chinese community in the world with a population of approximately 9.5 million people...

likewise observe their Sabbaths and traditional Chinese holidays

Traditional Chinese holidays

The traditional Chinese holidays are an essential part of Chinese culture. Many holidays are associated with Chinese mythology and folklore tales, but more realistically, they probably originated from ancient farmer rituals for celebrating harvests or prayer offerings...

according to lunar phases. These move with respect to the solar calendar, so common Thai calendars incorporate Thai and Chinese calendar

Chinese calendar

The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar, incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with those of a solar calendar. It is not exclusive to China, but followed by many other Asian cultures as well...

lunar dates for religious

Religion

Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to...

purposes.

Mundane astrology

Mundane astrology

Mundane astrology is the application of astrology to world affairs and world events, taking its name from the Latin word Mundus, meaning "the World". Mundane astrology is a branch of Judicial astrology and is widely believed by astrological historians to be the most ancient branch of astrology...

also figures prominently in Thai culture, so modern Thai birth certificates include lunar calendar dates, and the appropriate Chinese calendar

Chinese calendar

zodiacal animal year-name for both Thai Hora

Hora (astrology)

Horā is a branch of the traditional Indian system of astrology known as . It deals with the finer points of predictive methods, as distinct from Siddhānta and ....

( and Chinese astrology

Chinese astrology

Chinese astrology is based on the traditional astronomy and calendars. The development of Chinese astrology is tied to that of astronomy, which came to flourish during the Han Dynasty ....

Years

(For detailed discussion, see Lunar phase

Lunar phase

.)

To keep years in sync with the seasons, Thai lunar years may add a day to the 7^th month, or may repeat the 8^th month, so years may have one of three lengths — 354, 355 or 384 days — yet retain a nominal

Real versus nominal value

In economics, nominal value refers to a value expressed in money terms in a given year or series of years. By contrast, real value adjusts nominal value to remove effects of price changes over time...

length of twelve months.

354 day-long years consist of 12 normal months, and such a year is called a normal-month year .

355 day-long years add
Intercalation
Intercalation is the insertion of a leap day, week or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follow the seasons or moon phases. Lunisolar calendars may require intercalations of both days and months.- Solar calendars :...

an extra day to the normally 29-day-long 7^th month; such a year is called an extra-day year .

384 day-long years repeat the 30-day-long 8^th month, thus keeping the month count at 12. Nevertheless, a year of 384 days is called an extra-month year .

New year

The Thai lunar calendar does not mark the beginning of a new year when it starts a new 1-to-12 count, which occurs most frequently in December (See Month 1, below).

The Thai solar calendar determines a person

Person

A person is a human being, or an entity that has certain capacities or attributes strongly associated with being human , for example in a particular moral or legal context...

's legal age, and secular

Secularity

Secularity is the state of being separate from religion.For instance, eating and bathing may be regarded as examples of secular activities, because there may not be anything inherently religious about them...

holiday

Holiday

A Holiday is a day designated as having special significance for which individuals, a government, or a religious group have deemed that observance is warranted. It is generally an official or unofficial observance of religious, national, or cultural significance, often accompanied by celebrations...

s, including the civil new year

New Year

The New Year is the day that marks the time of the beginning of a new calendar year, and is the day on which the year count of the specific calendar used is incremented. For many cultures, the event is celebrated in some manner....

as well as the three days of the traditional Thai New Year

Thai New Year

The Songkran festival is celebrated in Thailand as the traditional New Year's Day from 13 to 15 April. It coincides with the New Year of many calendars of South and Southeast Asia....

's feast. Should holidays fall on a weekend

Workweek

The workweek and weekend are those complementary parts of the week devoted to labour and rest respectively. The legal working week , or workweek , is the part of the seven-day week devoted to labor. In most Western countries it is Monday to Friday. The weekend comprises the two traditionally...

, it also accommodates these as well as some of the Principal lunar festivals with a compensatory day off .
For Thai Chinese communities in Thailand, the Chinese calendar

Chinese calendar

determines the day that a year assumes the name of the next animal in the twelve-year animal cycle. In the traditional Thai lunar and solar calendars, however, the new zodiacal animal year-name changes on Songkhran (April 13).

Twelve-year animal cycle names

Gregorian year

Chinese New Year's Day	Thai beginning 13 April	Animal
1998	January 28	Pi Khan ... ปีขาล	虎 Tiger
1999	February 16	Pi Tho..... ปีเถาะ	兔 Rabbit
2000	February 5	Pi Marong ปีมะโรง	龍 Dragon (Big snake)
2001	January 24	Pi Maseng ปีมะเส็ง	蛇 Snake (Little snake)
2002	February 12	Pi Mamia ปีมะเมีย	馬 Horse
2003	February 1	Pi Mamae ปีมะแม	羊 Goat
2004	January 22	Pi Wok..... ปีวอก	猴 Monkey
2005	February 9	Pi Raka..... ปีระกา	雞 Rooster
2006	January 29	Pi Cho..... ปีจอ	狗 Dog
2007	February 18	Pi Kun..... ปีกุน	豬 Pig
2008	February 7	Pi Chuat.. ปีชวด	鼠 Rat
2009	January 26	Pi Chalu..... ปีฉลู	牛 Ox
2010	February 14	Pi Khan..... ปีขาล	虎 Tiger
2011	February 3	Pi Tho..... ปีเถาะ	兔 Rabbit

Months

For more details on this topic, see month
Month
A month is a unit of time, used with calendars, which was first used and invented in Mesopotamia, as a natural period related to the motion of the Moon; month and Moon are cognates. The traditional concept arose with the cycle of moon phases; such months are synodic months and last approximately...

.

Note: this information applies only to the modern Thai lunar calendar, and is insufficient for deciphering lunar dates calculated in other modes.

Months (Deuan, , meaning "month" or "Lunation

Lunation

Lunation is the mean time for one lunar phase cycle . It is on average 29.530589 days, or 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes and 3 seconds...

") in the Thai calendar are defined by lunar cycles. Successive months (or lunations) are numbered from 1 to 12 within the Thai year. As in other Buddhist calendar

Buddhist calendar

s, these months have names that derive from Sanskrit, but for the most part would only be known by Thai astrologers (Prasert Na Nagara 1998:524, cited in Diller).

Two successive lunations take slightly more than 59 days. The Thai lunar calendar approximates this interval with normal-month pairs ( that are alternately 29 and 30 days long:

29-day hollow months are odd-numbered ;

30-day full months are even-numbered .

To keep the beginning of the month in sync with the new moon, from time to time either the normally hollow Month 7 takes an extra

Intercalation

day, or an extra full Month 8 follows normal full Month 8.

Note also that Months 1 and 2 are named in archaic

Archaism

In language, an archaism is the use of a form of speech or writing that is no longer current. This can either be done deliberately or as part of a specific jargon or formula...

alternate numbers, with the remainder being named in modern numbers.

Numbered months

Month 1, Deuan Aai begins the cycle of counting the months anew, most frequently in December, but does not signify the beginning of a new year. Aai, an archaic

Archaism

In language, an archaism is the use of a form of speech or writing that is no longer current. This can either be done deliberately or as part of a specific jargon or formula...

word in Thai but not in other dialects, means first-born (or eldest). An odd-numbered hollow month, it is 29 days long.

Month 2, Deuan Yi, ( from archaic ญี่ meaning 2) is an even-numbered full month, 30 days long.

Months 3–6, Deuan 3–6, use the modern way to read Thai numerals

Thai numerals

Thai numerals constitute a numeral system of Thai number names for the Khmer numerals traditionally used in Thailand, also used for the more common Arabic numerals, and which follow the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.-Usage:...

, as do all remaining months. Months 3–6, as they alternate odd and even are alternately 29-day hollow months or 30-day full months.

Month 7, Deuan 7, a hollow month, is normally 29 days long in years of 354 days, but adds an extra day when required for 355-day-long extra-day years ).

The eighth month, Deuan 8, is a 30-day full month.

When an extra month is needed for a 384-day-long extra-month year , Month 8 repeats as เดือน ๘/๘ Month 8/8, variously read as —

Deuan pat thap pat — Month 8 slash 8,

Deuan pat song khang — Month 8 Side Two, or

Deuan pat song Hon — Month 8 Time Two.

Months 9–12, Deuan 9–12, complete the lunar cycle.

Month divisions

Months divide into two periods designated by whether they are waxing or waning:
Waxing : Khang Kuen , the period from new moon to full moon, which is always

15 days

Waning : Khang Raem , the period from full moon to new moon,

14 days in odd-numbered hollow months, except when Month 7 adds an extra day

15 days in full months.

Note: when not compounded with other words or syllables:

khang : [at, on, or to the] side
kuen : to rise or mount
raem : to tire or retire.

Weeks

A week

Week

A week is a time unit equal to seven days.The English word week continues an Old English wice, ultimately from a Common Germanic , from a root "turn, move, change"...

is or , pronounced sàb-da, sàb-phà-daa, or sàb-da-hà}}. From a Sanskrit

Sanskrit

Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...

word for "seven", it is now defined by the Royal Institute Dictionary (RID) as a 7 day period beginning on Sunday and ending Saturday. RID on-line. When referring to lunations, however, it is the 7-, 8- or (rarely) 9-day interval between quartile

Quartile

In descriptive statistics, the quartiles of a set of values are the three points that divide the data set into four equal groups, each representing a fourth of the population being sampled...

lunar phase

Lunar phase

s; that is, from one to the next.

Days

While solar-calendar weekdays have names, lunar-calendar days number sequentially from 1 to 14 or 15 in two segments depending on whether the moon is waxing or waning. Examples:
Kuen 1 Kham Deuan 1 : Waxing 1 Evening [of] Month 1, on to
Raem 15 Kham Deuan 12 : Waning 15 Evening [of] Month 12.

Note: Kham Evening, nowadays is generally taken as the evening of the common day that begins and ends at midnight, rather than of a day that begins and ends at dusk. Past practice may have been different. See Wan Wy Phra Chan, below.

Named lunar days

Wan Phra Day(s) Holy [to Buddhists] ; also called
- Wan Thamma Sawana religious holy day(s) ; Buddhist Sabbath(s) ; regularly fall on:
  - Kuen 8 first-quarter moon
  - Kuen 15 full moon; also called
    - Wan Phen day [of] full [moon].
      - Wan Deuan Phen , the actual day of the full moon and Khuen 15 Kham do not always fall on the same day.
  - Raem 8 third-quarter moon; and
  - Raem 14 (15)}} last day of the lunar month; also called
    - Wan Dab day [moon is] quenched, [or goes] out.
Wan Wy Phra Chan

Day [of] Respect [for] the Holy Moon

actual day the Harvest moon

Harvest moon

The Full Harvest Moon is the full moon that occurs closest to the autumnal equinox.-Appearance:All full moons rise around the time of sunset. In general the moon rises about 3 minutes later each day...

becomes full

Kuen 14 (15) Kham Deuan 10

Waxing 14(15) Evening, Month 10.

Holidays regulated by the moon

Buddhist Sabbaths

Uposatha

, colloquial , are the New, First-quarter, Full, and Third-quarter Moon-days. These are not normally days off , except for butcher

Butcher

A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals, dress their flesh, sell their meat or any combination of these three tasks. They may prepare standard cuts of meat, poultry, fish and shellfish for sale in retail or wholesale food establishments...

, barber

Barber

A barber is someone whose occupation is to cut any type of hair, and to shave or trim the beards of men. The place of work of a barber is generally called a barbershop....

and beautician shops that observe the Eight Precepts.

Annual holidays and seasonal festivals collectively are called .

Festivals or fair

Fair

A fair or fayre is a gathering of people to display or trade produce or other goods, to parade or display animals and often to enjoy associated carnival or funfair entertainment. It is normally of the essence of a fair that it is temporary; some last only an afternoon while others may ten weeks. ...

s are ; these may be further styled as tradition
Tradition
A tradition is a ritual, belief or object passed down within a society, still maintained in the present, with origins in the past. Common examples include holidays or impractical but socially meaningful clothes , but the idea has also been applied to social norms such as greetings...

al; and as , rite
Rite
A rite is an established, ceremonious, usually religious act. Rites in this sense fall into three major categories:* rites of passage, generally changing an individual's social status, such as marriage, baptism, or graduation....

or ceremony
Ceremony
A ceremony is an event of ritual significance, performed on a special occasion. The word may be of Etruscan origin.-Ceremonial occasions:A ceremony may mark a rite of passage in a human life, marking the significance of, for example:* birth...

. The table shows the principal ones governed by the moon in yellow.

Work holidays prescribed by the government as days off from work or school are ; those regulated by the moon are red.

Weekends are normally days off; if a holiday normally observed by a day off falls on a weekend, the following Monday is a compensatory day off .

Work holidays

and

festivals

regulated by the moon: x = waxing moon; n = waning

Mo.	Day	Event	Comment
3†	1x	Chinese New Year Chinese New Year Chinese New Year – often called Chinese Lunar New Year although it actually is lunisolar – is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. It is an all East and South-East-Asia celebration...	Most shops owned by Chinese-Thai close
3	15x	Magha Puja Magha Puja Māgha Pūjā or Makha Bucha is an important Buddhist festival celebrated in Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos on the full moon day of the third lunar month . The third lunar month is known in the Thai language as Makha ; Bucha is also a Thai word , meaning "to venerate" or "to honor"...	Makha Bucha
6	15x	Vesak Vesak Vesākha is a holiday observed traditionally by Buddhists in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the South East Asian countries of Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Burma, and Indonesia...	Visakha Bucha
8‡	15x	Asalha Puja Asalha Puja Asalha Puja is a Theravada Buddhist festival which typically takes place in July, on the full moon of the eighth lunar month. It commemorates the Buddha’s first sermon in the Deer Park in Benares and the founding of the Buddhist sangha...	Asarnha Bucha
8‡	1n	Wan Kao Pansa	Begin Rains Retreat, or Buddhist Lent
10	15n	Thetsagarn Sart	Vegetarian Festival
11	15x	Wan Awk Pansa Wan Awk Pansa Wan Awk Pansa is the last day of the Thai/Laos observance of vassa. It occurs in October, three lunar months after Wan Kao Pansa.The day is celebrated in Isan by illuminated boat processions , notably in Nakhon Phanom on the Mekong river, and in Ubon Ratchathani on the Mun.The main ceremonies...	End Rains Retreat, or Buddhist Lent'
11	1n	Thod Kathin Kathina Kathina is a Buddhist festival which comes at the end of Vassa, the three-month rainy season retreat for Theravada Buddhists. The season during which a monastery may hold a Kathina festival is one month long, beginning after the full moon of the eleventh month in the Lunar calendar .It is a time...	Presentation of Monk's Robes after Rains Retreat
12	15x	Loy Krathong Loy Krathong Loi Krathong is a festival celebrated annually throughout Thailand and certain parts of Laos and Burma .-Overview:...	In Northern Thailand Northern Thailand Thailand's northern region is geographically characterised by multiple mountain ranges which continue from the Shan Hills in bordering Myanmar and Laos, and the river valleys which cut through them... , this is Duean Yi and the Yee Peng Lantern Festival

Notes:

† Chinese New Year uses different methods of determining intercalary months, so this festival sometimes occurs a month earlier or later.

‡ Month 8/8 in years with the extra month.

Thai year vocabulary

Thai orthography spells most native words phonetically, though there is no definitive system for
transcription

Royal Thai General System of Transcription

The Royal Thai General System of Transcription is the official system for rendering Thai language words in the Latin alphabet, published by the Royal Institute of Thailand...

into Roman letters. Here, native Thai words are immediately followed by a vocabulary entry in this pattern:

Phonetic Thai (Thai phonetic respelling, if different) [Comment] definition; variant definitions.

Example:

Thai ไทย (ไท) [Archaic] free, frank; Thai race, language, alphabet

Thai alphabet

Thai script , is used to write the Thai language and other, minority, languages in Thailand. It has forty-four consonants , fifteen vowel symbols that combine into at least twenty-eight vowel forms, and four tone marks ....

; citizen of Thailand

Thaification

Thaification is the process by which people of different cultural and ethnic origins living in Thailand become assimilated to the dominant Thai culture, or more precisely, to the culture of the Central Thais...

Sanskrit

loan words follow different rules [the way English grammatical rules vary for words of Greek and Latin origin ('ph-' in 'phonetic' being pronounced /f/, for example.)] Entered below in order of first appearance, these vocabulary entries are in this pattern:
Sanskrit สันสกฤต (สันสะกริด /san-sa-krit/) :
Literally means "self-made" or "self-done", or "cultured" in a modern usage (which implies the language of cultured persons); Sanskrit alphabet, language, writing; [presumed] compound of

san สัน (-/son/) derived from the word, "saṃ" meaning "self, together, with"
skrit สกฤต (สะกริต /sa-krit/) derived from the word "(s)kar" meaning "do or make".

Chantarakati จันทรคติ (จันทะระคะติ) : Lunar Calendar; compound of

Chantara- จันทร- (จันทะระ /chontara/) : Chon จันทร์ (จัน) moon, lunar +
Kati คติ (คะติ) : ways, principles; moral [of a tale].

Patitin ปฏิทิน (ปะติทิน) : Calendar; compound of

Pati- ปฏิ- (ปะติ-) : anti-, re- +
-tin (-ทิน) : [from tinnagorn ทินกร (ทินะกอน) - poetical for] the sun, Sol
- [possibly in the sense of 'tint' + - gorn -กร – -er, -or: paint-er].

Patitin Chantarakati ปฏิทินจันทรคติ (ปะติทินจันทะระคะติ) : "Resolarized Moon-Ways", Lunisolar Calendar
Suriyakati สุริยคติ (สุริยะคะติ) : Solar Ways, Solar Calendar; compound of

Suriya สุริย or สุริยะ : Athit อาทิตย์, the sun, Sol +
Kati คติ (คะติ) : ways, principles; moral [of a tale].

Prokatimas ปรกติมาส (ปฺรกกะติมาด /pro-ko-ti-maht/) : normal month; compound of

Prokati ปรกติ (ปฺรกกะติ) : pokiti ปกติ (ปะกะติ) ordinary, usual, normal +
Mas มาส (มาด /maht/) : du-an (เดือน) month.

Athikamas อธิกมาส (อะทิกะมาด /a-ti-ka-maht/) : month added in leap-month lunar years
Athikawara อธิกวาร (อะทิกะวาน /a-ti-ka-wahn/) : day added in leap-day lunar years; compound of

Athika (Sanskrit: adhika) : additional +
-wara วาร (วาน /wahn/) : wan วัน day.

Athikasuratin อธิกสุรทิน (อะทิกะสุระทิน) : day added to February in a solar leap year.

External links

Thai Time by Anthony Diller – last changed 10 January 2002.
How Chula Sakarat Dates Work in Thailand: article for stamp collectors recovered 20 December 2007.
Thai Lunar Calendar (BE.2300-2584) (Thai Language)

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

Legal v. religious calendar

Years

New year

Twelve-year animal cycle names

Months

Numbered months

Month divisions

Weeks

Days

Named lunar days

Holidays regulated by the moon

Thai year vocabulary

See also

Further reading

External links