Threadfin bream
Encyclopedia
The threadfin breams are a family, Nemipteridae, of fishes in the order Perciformes
. They are also known as whiptail breams and false snappers.
They are found in tropical waters of the Indian
and western Pacific Ocean
s. Most species are benthic (bottom-feeding) carnivorous, eating small fishes, cephalopod
s, crustacean
s and polychaete
s; however, a few species eat plankton
.
Perciformes
The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, is one of the largest orders of vertebrates, containing about 40% of all bony fish. Perciformes means perch-like. They belong to the class of ray-finned fish and comprise over 7,000 species found in almost all aquatic environments...
. They are also known as whiptail breams and false snappers.
They are found in tropical waters of the Indian
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...
and western Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
s. Most species are benthic (bottom-feeding) carnivorous, eating small fishes, cephalopod
Cephalopod
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda . These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles modified from the primitive molluscan foot...
s, crustacean
Crustacean
Crustaceans form a very large group of arthropods, usually treated as a subphylum, which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill and barnacles. The 50,000 described species range in size from Stygotantulus stocki at , to the Japanese spider crab with a leg span...
s and polychaete
Polychaete
The Polychaeta or polychaetes are a class of annelid worms, generally marine. Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are made of chitin. Indeed, polychaetes are sometimes referred to as bristle worms. More than 10,000...
s; however, a few species eat plankton
Plankton
Plankton are any drifting organisms that inhabit the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water. That is, plankton are defined by their ecological niche rather than phylogenetic or taxonomic classification...
.
Species
There are about sixty species in five genera:- Genus Nemipterus Swainson, 1839
- Yellow-lip threadfin bream, s aurifilum]] (OgilbyWilliam OgilbyWilliam Ogilby was an Irish barrister and naturalist.Ogilby was honorary secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1839 to 1846....
, 1910). - Dawn threadfin bream, Nemipterus aurorus Russell, 1993.
- Balinese threadfin bream, Nemipterus balinensis (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1859). - Dwarf threadfin bream, Nemipterus balinensoides (Popta, 1918).
- Yellowbelly threadfin bream, Nemipterus bathybius Snyder, 1911.
- Delagoa threadfin bream, Nemipterus bipunctatus (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1830). - Celebes threadfin bream, Nemipterus celebicus (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1854). - Fork-tailed threadfin bream, Nemipterus furcosus (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1830). - Graceful threadfin bream, Nemipterus gracilis (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1873). - Ornate threadfin bream, Nemipterus hexodon (QuoyJean René Constant QuoyJean René Constant Quoy was a French zoologist.Along with Joseph Paul Gaimard he served as naturalist aboard La Coquille under Louis Isidore Duperrey during its circumnavigation of the globe , and the Astrolabe under the command of Jules Dumont d'Urville...
& GaimardJoseph Paul GaimardJoseph Paul Gaimard was a French naval surgeon and naturalist.Along with Jean René Constant Quoy he served as naturalist on the ships L'Uranie under Louis de Freycinet 1817-1820, and L'Astrolabe under Jules Dumont d'Urville 1826-1829...
, 1824). - Teardrop threadfin bream, Nemipterus isacanthus (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1873). - Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus (BlochMarcus Elieser BlochMarcus Elieser Bloch was a German medical doctor and naturalist. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century.- Life :...
, 1793). - Red filament threadfin bream, Nemipterus marginatus (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1830). - Mauvelip threadfin bream, Nemipterus mesoprion (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1853). - Doublewhip threadfin bream, Nemipterus nematophorus (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1853). - Yellow-tipped threadfin bream, Nemipterus nematopus (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1851). - Redspine threadfin bream, Nemipterus nemurus (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1857). - Notchedfin threadfin bream, Nemipterus peronii (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1830). - Randall's threadfin bream, Nemipterus randalli Russell, 1986.
- Fivelined threadfin bream, Nemipterus tambuloides (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1853). - Theodore's threadfin bream, Nemipterus theodorei OgilbyWilliam OgilbyWilliam Ogilby was an Irish barrister and naturalist.Ogilby was honorary secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1839 to 1846....
, 1916. - Palefin threadfin bream, Nemipterus thosaporni Russell, 1991.
- Golden threadfin bream, Nemipterus virgatusNemipterus virgatusNemipterus virgatus, also known as the golden threadfin bream or Hung Sam in Hong Kong, is a kind of nemipteridae living in the Western Pacific, from Southern Japan to Northwest Australia and the Arafura Sea...
(Houttuyn, 1782). - Fiji threadfin bream, Nemipterus vitiensis Russell, 1990.
- Slender threadfin bream, Nemipterus zysron (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1857).
- Yellow-lip threadfin bream, s aurifilum]] (Ogilby
- Genus Parascolopsis BoulengerGeorge Albert BoulengerGeorge Albert Boulenger FRS was a Belgian-British zoologist who identified over 2000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles and amphibians.-Life:...
, 1901- Smooth dwarf monocle bream, Parascolopsis aspinosa (Rao & Rao, 1981).
- Parascolopsis baranesi Russell & Golani, 1993.
- Redfin dwarf monocle bream, Parascolopsis boesemani (Rao & Rao, 1981).
- Parascolopsis capitinis Russell, 1996.
- Rosy dwarf monocle bream, Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan & RichardsonJohn Richardson (naturalist)Sir John Richardson was a Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and arctic explorer.Richardson was born at Dumfries. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University, and became a surgeon in the navy in 1807. He traveled with John Franklin in search of the Northwest Passage on the Coppermine Expedition of...
, 1909). - Unarmed dwarf monocle bream, Parascolopsis inermis (TemminckCoenraad Jacob TemminckCoenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.Temminck was the first director of the National Natural History Museum at Leiden from 1820 until his death. His Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe was the standard work on European birds...
& SchlegelHermann SchlegelHermann Schlegel was a German ornithologist and herpetologist.-Early life and education:Schlegel was born at Altenburg, the son of a brassfounder. His father collected butterflies, which stimulated Schlegel's interest in natural history...
, 1843). - Dwarf monocle bream, Parascolopsis melanophrys Russell & Chin, 1996.
- Slender dwarf monocle bream, Parascolopsis qantasi Russell & Gloerfelt-Tarp, 1984.
- Red-spot dwarf monocle bream, Parascolopsis rufomaculatus Russell, 1986.
- Long-rayed dwarf monocle bream, Parascolopsis tanyactis Russell, 1986.
- Tosa dwarf monocle bream, Parascolopsis tosensis (Kamohara, 1938).
- Scaly dwarf monocle bream, Parascolopsis townsendi BoulengerGeorge Albert BoulengerGeorge Albert Boulenger FRS was a Belgian-British zoologist who identified over 2000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles and amphibians.-Life:...
, 1901.
- Genus Pentapodus QuoyJean René Constant QuoyJean René Constant Quoy was a French zoologist.Along with Joseph Paul Gaimard he served as naturalist aboard La Coquille under Louis Isidore Duperrey during its circumnavigation of the globe , and the Astrolabe under the command of Jules Dumont d'Urville...
and GaimardJoseph Paul GaimardJoseph Paul Gaimard was a French naval surgeon and naturalist.Along with Jean René Constant Quoy he served as naturalist on the ships L'Uranie under Louis de Freycinet 1817-1820, and L'Astrolabe under Jules Dumont d'Urville 1826-1829...
, 1824- Pentapodus aureofasciatus Russell, 2001.
- White-shouldered whiptail, Pentapodus bifasciatus (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1848). - Small-toothed whiptail, Pentapodus caninus (CuvierGeorges CuvierGeorges Chrétien Léopold Dagobert Cuvier or Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier , known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist...
, 1830). - Double whiptail, Pentapodus emeryii (RichardsonJohn Richardson (naturalist)Sir John Richardson was a Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and arctic explorer.Richardson was born at Dumfries. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University, and became a surgeon in the navy in 1807. He traveled with John Franklin in search of the Northwest Passage on the Coppermine Expedition of...
, 1843). - Japanese whiptail, Pentapodus nagasakiensis (Tanaka, 1915).
- Paradise whiptail, Pentapodus paradiseus (Günther, 1859).
- Northwest Australian whiptail, Pentapodus porosus (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1830). - Butterfly whiptail, Pentapodus setosus (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1830). - Three-striped whiptail, Pentapodus trivittatus (BlochMarcus Elieser BlochMarcus Elieser Bloch was a German medical doctor and naturalist. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century.- Life :...
, 1791). - Striped whiptail, Pentapodus vitta QuoyJean René Constant QuoyJean René Constant Quoy was a French zoologist.Along with Joseph Paul Gaimard he served as naturalist aboard La Coquille under Louis Isidore Duperrey during its circumnavigation of the globe , and the Astrolabe under the command of Jules Dumont d'Urville...
& GaimardJoseph Paul GaimardJoseph Paul Gaimard was a French naval surgeon and naturalist.Along with Jean René Constant Quoy he served as naturalist on the ships L'Uranie under Louis de Freycinet 1817-1820, and L'Astrolabe under Jules Dumont d'Urville 1826-1829...
, 1824.
- Genus Scaevius Whitley, 1947
- Green-striped coral bream, Scaevius milii (Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823).
- Genus ScolopsisScolopsisScolopsis is a genus in the bream family , with 16 species.-Species:** Peters' monocle bream, Scolopsis affinis Peters, 1877.** Yellowstripe monocle bream, Scolopsis aurata ....
CuvierGeorges CuvierGeorges Chrétien Léopold Dagobert Cuvier or Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier , known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist...
, 1814- Peters' monocle bream, Scolopsis affinis Peters, 1877.
- Yellowstripe monocle bream, Scolopsis aurata (Park, 1797).
- Two-lined monocle breamTwo-lined monocle breamThe two-lined monocle bream, Scolopsis bilineata, is a bream or spinecheek of the family Nemipteridae found across the Indo West Pacific oceans. It is also known as the twolined spinecheek....
, Scolopsis bilineata (BlochMarcus Elieser BlochMarcus Elieser Bloch was a German medical doctor and naturalist. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century.- Life :...
, 1793). - Thumbprint monocle bream, Scolopsis bimaculatus RüppellEduard RüppellWilhelm Peter Eduard Simon Rüppell was a German naturalist and explorer. Rüppell is occasionally transliterated to "Rueppell" for the English alphabet....
, 1828. - Saw-jawed monocle bream, Scolopsis ciliata (Lacépède, 1802).
- Bridled monocle bream, Scolopsis frenatus (Günther, 1859).
- Arabian monocle bream, Scolopsis ghanam (ForsskålPeter ForsskålPeter Forsskål, sometimes spelled Pehr Forsskål, Peter Forskaol, Petrus Forskål or Pehr Forsskåhl, was a Swedish explorer, orientalist, naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus.-Early life:...
, 1775). - Striped monocle bream, Scolopsis lineata QuoyJean René Constant QuoyJean René Constant Quoy was a French zoologist.Along with Joseph Paul Gaimard he served as naturalist aboard La Coquille under Louis Isidore Duperrey during its circumnavigation of the globe , and the Astrolabe under the command of Jules Dumont d'Urville...
& GaimardJoseph Paul GaimardJoseph Paul Gaimard was a French naval surgeon and naturalist.Along with Jean René Constant Quoy he served as naturalist on the ships L'Uranie under Louis de Freycinet 1817-1820, and L'Astrolabe under Jules Dumont d'Urville 1826-1829...
, 1824. - Pearly monocle bream, Scolopsis margaritifera (CuvierGeorges CuvierGeorges Chrétien Léopold Dagobert Cuvier or Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier , known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist...
, 1830). - Monogrammed monocle bream, Scolopsis monogramma (CuvierGeorges CuvierGeorges Chrétien Léopold Dagobert Cuvier or Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier , known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist...
, 1830). - Black-streaked monocle bream, Scolopsis taeniatus (CuvierGeorges CuvierGeorges Chrétien Léopold Dagobert Cuvier or Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier , known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist...
, 1830). - Lattice monocle bream, Scolopsis taenioptera (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1830). - Bald-spot monocle bream, Scolopsis temporalis (CuvierGeorges CuvierGeorges Chrétien Léopold Dagobert Cuvier or Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier , known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist...
, 1830). - Three-lined monocle bream, Scolopsis trilineata Kner, 1868.
- Whitecheek monocle bream, Scolopsis vosmeri (BlochMarcus Elieser BlochMarcus Elieser Bloch was a German medical doctor and naturalist. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century.- Life :...
, 1792). - Oblique-barred monocle bream, Scolopsis xenochrous Günther, 1872.