Timeline of the history of Estonia - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Pre-11th century

c. 680 BC
680s BC
-Events and trends:* 689 BC—King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon.* 687 BC—Gyges becomes king of Lydia.* 687 BC—Hezekiah succeeded by Manasseh as king of Judah.* 685 BC- Chalcedon became a Greek colony....

- A meteor disaster in Saaremaa
Saaremaa
Saaremaa is the largest island in Estonia, measuring 2,673 km². The main island of Saare County, it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island, and belongs to the West Estonian Archipelago...

forms the Kaali crater
Kaali crater
Kaali is a group of 9 meteorite craters located on the Estonian island of Saaremaa. Formed in the 7th century BC or about 4000 years ago , it is one of the most recent craters created by an impact event and the only known major impact event that has occurred in a populated area.Prior to the 1930s,...

.
98 - Roman
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...

historian Tacitus
Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works—the Annals and the Histories—examine the reigns of the Roman Emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors...

writes in the book Germania about aesti
Aesti
The Aesti were a people described by the Roman historian Tacitus in his treatise Germania . According to this account, the Aestii lived on the shore of the Suebian Sea , eastward of the Suiones and westward of the Sitones. They were a population of Suebia...

tribes.
6th century - Vikings from Gotland
Gotland
Gotland is a county, province, municipality and diocese of Sweden; it is Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea. At 3,140 square kilometers in area, the region makes up less than one percent of Sweden's total land area...

sail to Hiiumaa
Hiiumaa
Hiiumaa is the second largest island belonging to Estonia. It is located in the Baltic Sea, north of the island of Saaremaa, a part of the West Estonian archipelago. Its largest town is Kärdla.-Name:...

(Dagö) island and build a fortification there.
600 - King Ingvar of Sweden
Ingvar
Yngvar Harra Proto-Norse *Ingu-Hariz was the son of Östen and reclaimed the Swedish throne for the House of Yngling after the Swedes had rebelled against Sölvi....

invades Estonia, but is killed. His son Anund
Anund
Anund, Swedish: Bröt-Anund meaning trail-blazer Anund or Anund the Land Clearer; alternate names Brøt-Anundr or Braut-Önundr , was a legendary Swedish king of the House of Yngling who reigned in the mid-seventh century...

avenges his father and raids the country.
8th century - Estonians participat in the Battle of Brávellir on the side of the Swedes
Swedes
Swedes are a Scandinavian nation and ethnic group native to Sweden, mostly inhabiting Sweden and the other Nordic countries, with descendants living in a number of countries.-Etymology:...

and against the Danes
Danes
Danish people or Danes are the nation and ethnic group that is native to Denmark, and who speak Danish.The first mention of Danes within the Danish territory is on the Jelling Rune Stone which mentions how Harald Bluetooth converted the Danes to Christianity in the 10th century...

.
967 - Olav Tryggvason, the future King of Norway, is captured by Estonian pirates, and sold as a slave.
972 - A battle between Estonian and Icelandic
Icelanders
Icelanders are a Scandinavian ethnic group and a nation, native to Iceland.On 17 June 1944, when an Icelandic republic was founded the Icelanders became independent from the Danish monarchy. The language spoken is Icelandic, a North Germanic language, and Lutheranism is the predominant religion...

vikings in Saaremaa
Saaremaa
Saaremaa is the largest island in Estonia, measuring 2,673 km². The main island of Saare County, it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island, and belongs to the West Estonian Archipelago...

.

1000-1099

1008 - Olaf Haraldsson
Olaf II of Norway
Olaf II Haraldsson was King of Norway from 1015 to 1028. He was posthumously given the title Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae and canonised in Nidaros by Bishop Grimkell, one year after his death in the Battle of Stiklestad on 29 July 1030. Enshrined in Nidaros Cathedral...

, the future King of Norway, wins a battle in Saaremaa.
1030 - Prince Yaroslav I the Wise of Kiev
Yaroslav I the Wise
Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise (Old Norse: Jarizleifr; ; Old East Slavic and Russian: Ярослав Мудрый; Ukrainian: Ярослав Мудрий; c...

conquers the Tarbatu stronghold and builds the Yuryev castle, marking the foundation of Tartu
Tartu
Tartu is the second largest city of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual and cultural hub, especially since it is home to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university. Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the...

.
1032 - A Novogorod fleet tries to reach Kolivan (modern Tallinn
Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 414,940. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list...

), but is defeated in a naval battle at the “iron gate” at Aegna
Aegna
Aegna is an Estonian island in the Bay of Tallinn in the Baltic Sea. Administratively it is part of the city of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia and is a sub district of the Kesklinn district.-Geography:...

island.
1061 - Estonians destroy the Yuryev castle and carry out raids in the Pskov
Pskov
Pskov is an ancient city and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located in the northwest of Russia about east from the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: -Early history:...

region.

1100-1199

1113 - Prince Mstislav of Kiev wins a battle against the Chuds (Estonians
Estonians
Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns and inhabiting, primarily, the country of Estonia. They speak a Finnic language known as Estonian...

or people related to Estonians).
1116 - Prince Mstislav of Kiev, aided by Pskov and Novgorod, makes a raid against the Chuds and conquers the Otepää
Otepää
Otepää is a town in Valga County, southern Estonia, it's the administrative centre of Otepää Parish. Town has a population of 2,189 . Otepää is a popular skiing resort, popularly known as the "winter capital" of Estonia...

stronghold.
1132 - Prince Vsevolod of Novgorod
Vsevolod of Pskov
Vsevolod Mstislavich , the patron saint of the city of Pskov, ruled as Prince of Novgorod in 1117–32, Prince of Pereslavl and Prince of Pskov in 1137–38.- Early life :...

is defeated by Estonians of Vaiga
Vaiga
Vaiga was a small landlocked ancient Estonian county in the eastern part of the territory of Estonia.- External links :***...

county.
1134 - Prince Vsevold of Novgorod fights against the Chuds and briefly captures the fortification of Tartu (Yuryev).
1154 - Arab geographer Al Idrisi mentions Estonian places, also marking the foundation of Tallinn.
1165 - The Benedictine
Benedictine
Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy. The most notable of these is Monte Cassino, the first monastery founded by Benedict...

bishop Fulco is named Bishop of the Estonians by the Archbishop of Lund.
1170 - Valdemar I of Denmark
Valdemar I of Denmark
Valdemar I of Denmark , also known as Valdemar the Great, was King of Denmark from 1157 until 1182.-Biography:...

fights with Curonian
Curonians
The Curonians or Kurs were a Baltic tribe living on the shores of the Baltic sea in what are now the western parts of Latvia and Lithuania from the 5th to the 16th centuries, when they merged with other Baltic tribes. They gave their name to the region of Courland , and they spoke the Old...

and Estonian pirates near Öland
Öland
' is the second largest Swedish island and the smallest of the traditional provinces of Sweden. Öland has an area of 1,342 km² and is located in the Baltic Sea just off the coast of Småland. The island has 25,000 inhabitants, but during Swedish Midsummer it is visited by up to 500,000 people...

island.
1171 - Bishop Fulco makes a missionary journey to Estonia.
1177 - Estonians attack and burn Pskov during winter.
1187 - Estonians and Karelians
Karelians
The Karelians are a Baltic-Finnic ethnic group living mostly in the Republic of Karelia and in other north-western parts of the Russian Federation. The historic homeland of Karelians includes also parts of present-day Eastern Finland and the formerly Finnish territory of Ladoga Karelia...

ravage the Mälaren
Mälaren
Lake Mälaren is the third-largest lake in Sweden, after Lakes Vänern and Vättern. Its area is 1,140 km² and its greatest depth is 64 m. Mälaren spans 120 kilometers from east to west...

area in Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....

, burn down the town of Sigtuna
Sigtuna
Sigtuna is a locality situated in Sigtuna Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 18 inhabitants in 2005. It is the namesake of the municipality even though the seat is in Märsta....

, and kill the archbishop.
1191 - Cistercian monk Theoderich, future Bishop of Estonia, makes an unsuccessful missionary journey to Estonia.
1192 - Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich of Novgorod makes two raids against Estonians, burning down the Tartu and Otepää strongholds.
1193 - Pope Celestine III calls for a crusade against pagans in Northern Europe.

1200-1208

1200 - Bishop Albert and his crusaders capture Riga
Riga
Riga is the capital and largest city of Latvia. With 702,891 inhabitants Riga is the largest city of the Baltic states, one of the largest cities in Northern Europe and home to more than one third of Latvia's population. The city is an important seaport and a major industrial, commercial,...

in Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...

.
1202 - The crusader Livonian Brothers of the Sword
Livonian Brothers of the Sword
The Livonian Brothers of the Sword were a military order founded by Bishop Albert of Riga in 1202. Pope Innocent III sanctioned the establishment in 1204. The membership of the order comprised German "warrior monks"...

are founded.
1203 - Saaremaa
Saaremaa
Saaremaa is the largest island in Estonia, measuring 2,673 km². The main island of Saare County, it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island, and belongs to the West Estonian Archipelago...

islanders ravage areas of Southern Sweden, then belonging to Denmark. The returning pirates skirmish with the German settlers of Riga near the town of Visby
Visby
-See also:* Battle of Visby* Gotland University College* List of governors of Gotland County-External links:* - Visby*...

in Gotland
Gotland
Gotland is a county, province, municipality and diocese of Sweden; it is Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea. At 3,140 square kilometers in area, the region makes up less than one percent of Sweden's total land area...

.
1206 - Valdemar II of Denmark
Valdemar II of Denmark
Valdemar II , called Valdemar the Victorious or Valdemar the Conqueror , was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241. The nickname Sejr is a later invention and was not used during the King's own lifetime...

builds a fortress in Saaremaa, but burns it down after finding no volunteers to man it.
1207 - The Terra Mariana ("Land of St Mary) is established as the political unit of crusaders in Livonia.

1208-1227

1208 - Sword Brothers, Letts
Letts
Letts may refer to the following people:*Arthur Letts, English-born millionaire developer of Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California*Barry Letts , British actor, television director and producer...

and Livs invade Sakala
Sakala
Sakala may refer to:* Sagala, a city of ancient India* Sakala County, an ancient county in Estonia * Sakala , an Estonian academic corporation* Sakala , an Estonian newspaper...

and Ugandi in Southern Estonia, starting the Estonian Ancient Fight for Freedom (1208-1227).
1210 - Estonians besiege the Cēsis stronghold
Battle of Cēsis (1210)
In 1210 the Estonian counties launched several raids on the strongholds in Latvia, guarded by the Sword Brethren. A large number of Estonian troops began besieging the stronghold of Cēsis, which had become a very important strongpoint for the Livonian Order. The Estonians attempted to set the...

in Latvia.
1210 - Estonians defeat the Sword Brothers and Livs in the Battle of Ümera
Battle of Ümera
Battle of Ümera , recorded by Henry of Livonia was fought near Valmiera on the Ümera river in 1210, during the Livonian Crusade between Estonians and Crusaders. The Estonians won the battle....

in Latvia.
1210 - Pskov and Novgorod troops besiege the Otepää stronghold.
1211 - Pskov troops raid Western Estonia.
1211 - Estonians are defeated by Sword Brothers in the Battle of Turaida
Battle of Turaida (1211)
By summer of 1211, a larger military plan had been made by Estonian counties whose objective was to capture the stronghold held by Caupo of Turaida and thereafter attack Riga. Estonian troops from the mainland and the Oeselian fleet arrived accordingly on an appointed date at the stronghold of...

in Latvia.
1211 - Sword Brothers are defeated by Estonians in the Battle of Viljandi.
1211 - Estonians raid crusader areas in Latvia.
1212 - Russian troops besiege the Varbola
Varbola
Varbola is a village in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia.-See also:*Varbola Stronghold...

stronghold.
1212 - Troops from Sakala
Sakala
Sakala may refer to:* Sagala, a city of ancient India* Sakala County, an ancient county in Estonia * Sakala , an Estonian academic corporation* Sakala , an Estonian newspaper...

, led by Lembitu of Lehola
Lembitu of Lehola
Lembitu was an ancient Estonian elder of Sakala County and military leader in the struggle against conquest of the Estonian lands by the German Livonian Brothers of the Sword at the beginning of the 13th century...

, burn Pskov.
1213 - Lithuanians
Lithuanians
Lithuanians are the Baltic ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,765,600 people. Another million or more make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Russia, United Kingdom and Ireland. Their native language...

raid the Sakala area.
1215 - Sword Brothers defeat Estonians in the Battle of Lehola
Battle of Lehola
The Battle of Lehola was fought in 1215 between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, a crusading military order, and the Estonians.In the spring of 1215, a German force with their allies raided the Sakala County. The plundering, however, was done in the northern section of the county...

.
1215 - Troops from Saaremaa besiege Riga
Battle of Riga (1215)
In 1215, after the raid of Ridala and loss of Leole stronghold, the Estonian forces decided to start acting decisively. A large-scale counter-offensive strategic plan was made, which end result was "the complete destruction of the nearby German colonies". According to the plan, the Oeselians were...

.
1215 - Troops from Sakala raid crusader areas in Latvia.
1216 - Pskov troops capture the Otepää stronghold.
1217 - Sword Brothers are defeated by Estonians and Russians in the Battle of Otepää
Battle of Otepää
In February 1217, a large Russian army arrived outside the stronghold of Otepää with the objective to capture it. Oeselians, Revalians and baptised Sackalians joined the Russian army on the attack. The number of the besiegers reached 20,000 men...

.
1217 - Sword Brothers, Latgalians
Latgalians
The term Latgalians The term Latgalians The term Latgalians (Latgalian: latgalīši, latgali, (also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians) can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale...

and Livs defeat Estonians in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day
Battle of St. Matthew's Day
The Battle of St. Matthew's Day was fought near Viljandi on September 21, 1217 during the Livonian Crusade. The adversaries were the German crusading order the Sword Brethren with their recently converted Livonian and Latgalian allies and an army of 6000 Estonian men from different counties, led...

, where the Estonian leader Lembitu of Lehola is killed.
1219 - Valdemar II of Denmark
Valdemar II of Denmark
Valdemar II , called Valdemar the Victorious or Valdemar the Conqueror , was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241. The nickname Sejr is a later invention and was not used during the King's own lifetime...

conquers Tallinn in the Battle of Lyndanisse
Battle of Lyndanisse
The Battle of Lyndanisse was a battle which helped King Valdemar II of Denmark establish the territory of Danish Estonia during the Northern Crusades. Valdemar II defeated the Estonians at Lyndanisse , during the Northern Crusades, by orders from the Pope...

and builds the Toompea castle.
1220 - John I of Sweden
John I of Sweden
John I of Sweden was a Swedish king elected in 1216. -Background:John was the son of King Sverker II of Sweden of the House of Sverker and Queen Ingegerd of the Bjälbo dynasty. King Sverker had been beaten in the Battle of Lena and later killed in the Battle of Gestilren in 1210...

invades Läänemaa, but is defeated by troops from Saaremaa in the Battle of Lihula
Battle of Lihula
Battle of Lihula was fought between invading Swedes and Estonians for the control of a castle in Lihula, Estonia in 1220. The exact date remains uncertain, though some historians suggest that the battle took place on August 8...

.
1221 - Estonians besiege Tallinn
Siege of Tallinn
Victory over the Swedish army in the Battle of Lihula inspired the Oeselians for further fightings. In 1221 they tried to conquer the Danish stronghold in Tallinn with the help of Revalians, Harrians and Vironians. They besieged the stronghold for 14 days and all Danish outbreaks were repulsed...

.
1221 - Estonians defeat the Sword Brothers in the Battle of Viljandi
Battle of Viljandi (1223)
On 29 January 1223, during a church service, the Sackalians attacked the Germans inside the stronghold of Viljandi. They killed Sword-Brothers, vartels, merchants and even the vogt. The rest of the Germans were put in stocks and shackles. Some men advanced on to the stronghold of Leole, were they...

and the entire Southern Estonia is liberated.
1222 - The invading Danish troops are defeated by Estonians in Saaremaa.
1223 - Estonians are defeated by Sword Brothers in Ümera, Latvia.
1223 - Pskov and Novgorod troops raid most of mainland Estonia.
1224 - Sword Brothers capture the Tartu stronghold
Siege of Tartu (1224)
The siege of Tartu took place in 1224 and resulted in the fall of last major center of Estonian resistance in the mainland provinces to the Christian conquest of Estonia.- Background :...

from joint Estonian and Russian troops - mainland Estonia falls to the crusaders.
1224 - The Bishopric of Dorpat
Bishopric of Dorpat
The Bishopric of Dorpat was a medieval principality and a catholic diocese which existed from 1224 to 1558, generally encompassing what are now Tartu, Põlva, Võru and Jõgeva counties in Estonia. The Bishopric was part of Livonian Confederation...

is established in Southeastern Estonia.
1227 - Sword Brothers conquer the last pagan stronghold
Battle of Muhu
In January 1227, when the sea had frozen hard, the Sword-Brothers gathered a large force. According to the Chronicle of Livonia, 20 000 troops had set out to Muhu from the estuary of Pärnu River and moved along the ice. Since the ice was said to have been very slippery, they reached the stronghold...

in Saaremaa.

1227-1299

1227 - Sword Brothers conquer Northern Estonia from Denmark.
1228 - The Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek is established in Western Estonia.
1234 - Pskov and Novgorod troops invade the Bishopric of Dorpat, that is forced to pay tribute for four years.
1234 - De Lode brothers in Kullamaa Parish
Kullamaa Parish
Kullamaa is a rural municipality of Estonia, in Lääne County. It has a population of 1398 and an area of 224.6 km².-Populated places:Kullamaa Parish has 14 villages:...

refuse to recognize the new Bishop of Ösel-Wiek.
1236 - Sword Brothers are defeated by Samogitians
Samogitians
Samogitians are a part of the Lithuanian ethnicity inhabiting the region of Samogitia in Lithuania. Many speak the Samogitian dialect of the Lithuanian language.-History:...

in the Battle of Saule. Saaremaa islanders rebel against German rule.
1237 - Livonian Brothers of the Sword merge into the Teutonic Order and become known as the Livonian Order
Livonian Order
The Livonian Order was an autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1435–1561. After being defeated by Samogitians in the 1236 Battle of Schaulen , the remnants of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword were incorporated into the Teutonic Knights...

, autonomous of the Teutonic Order State.
1238 - The Livonian Order helps restore the power of the Bishop of Ösel Wiek in Kullamaa Parish.
1242 - The Livonian Order and Estonians are defeated by Novgorod in the Battle of the Ice
Battle of the Ice
The Battle of the Ice , also known as the Battle of Lake Peipus , was a battle between the Republic of Novgorod and the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Knights on April 5, 1242, at Lake Peipus...

.
1268 - Pskov and Novgorod defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Rakvere, ending the Order's attempts to invade Russia.
1270 - Lithuanians defeat the Livonian Order
Livonian Order
The Livonian Order was an autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1435–1561. After being defeated by Samogitians in the 1236 Battle of Schaulen , the remnants of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword were incorporated into the Teutonic Knights...

in the Battle of Karuse
Battle of Karuse
Battle of Karuse or Battle on the Ice was fought on February 16, 1270 between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Livonian Order on the frozen Baltic Sea. In 1270 Lithuanians and Semigallians led by Traidenis, Grand Duke of Lithuania from ca. 1269 to 1282, raided Livonia and reached as far as...

.
ca. 1285 - Tallinn becomes a member of the Hanseatic League
Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League was an economic alliance of trading cities and their merchant guilds that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe...

.
1298 - A border war between the Livonian Order and the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek.

1300-1399

1343 - St.George's Night Uprising (1343-1345) in Northwestern Estonia and Saaremaa.
1346 - King Valdemar IV of Denmark sells Northern Estonia to the Teutonic Order.
1347 - The Teutonic Order gives Northern Estonia to Livonian Order.

1400-1499

1419 - The Livonian Diet is formed to solve internal disputes in Livonia.
1435 - The Livonian Confederation
Livonian Confederation
Terra Mariana was the official name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia which was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade in the territories comprising present day Estonia and Latvia...

is established to solve internal disputes in Livonia.
1440 - The Livonian Order becomes self-governing from the Teutonic Order.
1459 - The Livonian Order takes its territories in Estonia under its self-government.

1500-1558

1525 - The Teutonic Order is secularized and the Livonian Order becomes de facto independent.

1558-1574

1558 - Russian forces invade Eastern Estonia, starting the Livonian War
Livonian War
The Livonian War was fought for control of Old Livonia in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia when the Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of Denmark–Norway, the Kingdom of Sweden, the Union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.During the period 1558–1578,...

.
1558 - The Bishopric of Dorpat and several bailiwicks of the Livonian Order in Eastern Estonia surrender to Russian forces.
1559 - The Bishop of Ösel-Wiek sells his bishopric to King Frederick II of Denmark
Frederick II of Denmark
Frederick II was King of Denmark and Norway and duke of Schleswig from 1559 until his death.-King of Denmark:Frederick II was the son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. Frederick II stands as the typical renaissance ruler of Denmark. Unlike his father, he...

, who gives the land to his brother Duke Magnus of Holstein. Lutheranism prevails in Western Estonia.
1560 - Duke Magnus of Holstein takes power in the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek.
1560 - Russian troops defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Härgmäe
Battle of Ergeme
The Battle of Ērģeme was fought on 2 August 1560 in present-day Latvia as part of the Livonian War between the forces of Ivan IV of Russia and the Livonian Confederation. It was the last battle fought by the German knights in Livonia and an important Russian victory...

.
1560 - Russian troops capture Central Estonia from the Livonian Order.
1561 - The Commandery of Tallinn and the nobility of other North Estonian bailiwicks of the Livonian Order swear allegiance to Sweden.
1561 - The Treaty of Vilnius gives lands of the Livonian Order in Southern Estonia and Northern Latvia to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 12th /13th century until 1569 and then as a constituent part of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1791 when Constitution of May 3, 1791 abolished it in favor of unitary state. It was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic...

as the Duchy of Livonia
Duchy of Livonia
The Duchy of Livonia was a territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania — and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth — that existed from 1561 to 1621...

.
1562 - The Livonian Order is dissolved.
1562 - The Bailiwick of Maasilinna of the former Livonian Order in Saaremaa and Hiiumaa refuses to recognize Lithuanian power.
1564 - The Bailiwick of Maasilinna gives itself under Danish rule.

1575-1599

1578 - Balthasar Russow
Balthasar Russow
Balthasar Russow was one of the most important Livonian and Estonian chroniclers.Russow was born in Reval . He was educated at an academy in Stettin in Pomerania...

publishes his cronicles about the Livonian War.

| 1558 || || Tartu surrendered to Russian troops in the Livonian War
|-
| 1560 || || Ivan the Terrible decimated the Livonian Order in the Battle of Ergeme

Battle of Ergeme

The Battle of Ērģeme was fought on 2 August 1560 in present-day Latvia as part of the Livonian War between the forces of Ivan IV of Russia and the Livonian Confederation. It was the last battle fought by the German knights in Livonia and an important Russian victory...

.

|}

Swedish period

Year	Date	Event
1561	June 6	The city council of Reval surrendered to Sweden.
1573	January 1	The Russians occupied Pärnu (Pernau) in Western Estonia and the fortress of Weissenstein (Paide).
1581	September 6	A mercenary army of Sweden under Pontus de la Gardie captured Narva Narva Narva is the third largest city in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border, on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus.-Early history:... from Russia.
1582		By the armistice of Jam Zapolski, Dorpat together with Southern Estonia was incorporated into the state of Poland-Lithuania.
1625		Swedish commander Jacob De la Gardie Jacob De la Gardie Field Marshal and Count Jacob Pontusson De la Gardie was a statesman and a soldier of the Swedish Empire.... took Dorpat (Tartu) and Southern Estonia from Poland
1632		Foundation of the University of Tartu University of Tartu The University of Tartu is a classical university in the city of Tartu, Estonia. University of Tartu is the national university of Estonia; it is the biggest and highest-ranked university in Estonia... under Swedish Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.... king Gustavus Adolphus.
1645	August 13	Saaremaa (Ösel) island was ceded from Denmark to Sweden by the Treaty of Brömsebro.
1700	November 20	Battle at Narva, where the Swedish army under King Charles XII Charles XII of Sweden Charles XII also Carl of Sweden, , Latinized to Carolus Rex, Turkish: Demirbaş Şarl, also known as Charles the Habitué was the King of the Swedish Empire from 1697 to 1718... defeats the Russia Russia Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects... n army.
1704		Russian troops under czar Peter the Great Peter I of Russia Peter the Great, Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are Old Style. All other dates in this article are New Style. ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his half-brother, Ivan V... captured Dorpat (Tartu) in the Great Northern War Great Northern War The Great Northern War was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in northern Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of... .
1708		Fearful of Swedish attack, Russians burned down the city of Tartu Tartu Tartu is the second largest city of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual and cultural hub, especially since it is home to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university. Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the... .
1710		Whole Estonia was included in Russian empire Russian Empire The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union... .
1721	August 30	Estonia was formally ceded by Sweden to Russia by the Treaty of Nystad Treaty of Nystad The Treaty of Nystad was the last peace treaty of the Great Northern War. It was concluded between the Tsardom of Russia and Swedish Empire on 30 August / 10 September 1721 in the then Swedish town of Nystad , after Sweden had settled with the other parties in Stockholm and Frederiksborg.During... .

Independent Estonia

Year	Date	Event
1918	February 24	Estonian Declaration of Independence Estonian Declaration of Independence The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia , is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918. It is celebrated on 24 February, the National Day or Estonian Independence Day....
	March 3	Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Treaty of Brest-Litovsk The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, mediated by South African Andrik Fuller, at Brest-Litovsk between Russia and the Central Powers, headed by Germany, marking Russia's exit from World War I.While the treaty was practically obsolete before the end of the year,... . Bolshevist Russia cedes sovereignty over Estonia to Germany.
	November 11	Germans began withdrawal and turn over power to the provisional government of Estonia (headed by Konstantin Päts Konstantin Päts Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia. He was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan Tõnisson, first through journalism with his newspaper Teataja, later through politics... ).
	November 22	Estonia was invaded by Bolshevist Russian forces. Beginning of Estonian War of Independence.
1919		Bolsheviks were driven out of Estonia.
1919	October 10	Agrarian Law passed redistributing many of the estates owned by Baltic German Baltic German The Baltic Germans were mostly ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today form the countries of Estonia and Latvia. The Baltic German population never made up more than 10% of the total. They formed the social, commercial, political and cultural élite in... s and Estonian landowners.
1920	February 2	Treaty of Tartu Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian) Tartu Peace Treaty or Treaty of Tartu was a peace treaty between Estonia and Russian SFSR signed on February 2, 1920 ending the Estonian War of Independence. The terms of the treaty stated that "Russia unreservedly recognises" the independence of Republic of Estonia de jure and renounced in... which gave Estonia recognition by Soviet Russia.
1920	June 15	Adoption of Constitution.
1922	September 22	Estonia joined the League of Nations League of Nations The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace... .
1933	October 14–16	Plebiscite in favour of constitutional reform giving wide powers to a new office of the president.
1934	January 24	New constitution in effect.
1934	March 12	Konstantin Päts Konstantin Päts Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia. He was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan Tõnisson, first through journalism with his newspaper Teataja, later through politics... with the help of General Johan Laidoner Johan Laidoner Johan Laidoner was a seminal figure of Estonian history between the world wars. His highest position was Commander-in-chief of the Estonian Army in 1918–1920, 1924–1925, and 1934–1940.-Education:Laidoner was born in Viiratsi , Governorate of Livonia, then part of the Russian Empire... set up a virtual dictatorship. Parliament was prorogued and political parties were banned. Many members of the Vaps Movement were arrested.
1937	July 29	A new constitution in force with civil liberties and democracy restored but with a very strong presidency.
1938	February 24	Election sees National Front winning 63 seats and all the opposition winning 17 seats.
	April 24	Konstantin Päts Konstantin Päts Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia. He was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan Tõnisson, first through journalism with his newspaper Teataja, later through politics... elected president.
		Kaarel Eenpalu Kaarel Eenpalu Kaarel Eenpalu was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state.- Education :... became prime minister of Estonia.
1939	August 23	The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, named after the Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and the German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, was an agreement officially titled the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union and signed in Moscow in the late hours of 23 August 1939... was signed, promising mutual non-aggression between Germany Nazi Germany Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by... and the Soviet Union and agreeing to a division of much of Europe between those two countries.
1939		Jüri Uluots Jüri Uluots Jüri Uluots was an Estonian prime minister, journalist, prominent attorney and distinguished Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Tartu.... becomes prime minister of Estonia.
1940	June 17	The Red Army occupied Estonia and Latvia Latvia Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden... .
1940	August 6	Estonia was unlawfully declared the Estonian SSR and was, against the law, incorporated into the Soviet Union.
1941	June 14	Mass deportations by Soviet Union Soviet Union The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.... authorities take place in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark... .
	June 22	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... attacked Soviet Union, Estonian partisans (Forest Brothers Forest Brothers The Forest Brothers were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian partisans who waged a guerrilla war against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three Baltic states during, and after, World War II... ) started revolting in Southern Estonia.
		German Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... troops took with help of the Forest Brothers Forest Brothers The Forest Brothers were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian partisans who waged a guerrilla war against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three Baltic states during, and after, World War II... Estonia over from the Soviets.
	August 28	Sinking of an Soviet steamer with 3500 Soviet-mobilized Estonian men on board, 598 of them died.
	December 1	Self-government Estonian Self-Administration Estonian Self-Administration , also known as the Directorate, was the puppet government set up in Estonia during occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany... of Estonia, headed by Hjalmar Mäe Hjalmar Mäe Hjalmar-Johannes Mäe was an Estonian politician.... , is appointed by German military administration.
1944	January 30	Battle of Narva Battle of Narva (1944) The Battle of Narva was a military campaign between the German Army Detachment "Narwa" and the Soviet Leningrad Front fought for possession of the strategically important Narva Isthmus on 2 February – 10 August 1944 during World War II.... : The first Soviet units crossed Estonian border.
	February 24	Battle of Narva Battle of Narva (1944) The Battle of Narva was a military campaign between the German Army Detachment "Narwa" and the Soviet Leningrad Front fought for possession of the strategically important Narva Isthmus on 2 February – 10 August 1944 during World War II.... : Estonian volunteers launched a counterattack at Narva river Narva River The Narva is a river flowing into the Baltic Sea, the largest river in Estonia. Draining Lake Peipsi, the river forms the border of Estonia and Russia and flows through the towns of Narva/Ivangorod and Narva-Jõesuu into Narva Bay. Though the river is only 77 km long, in terms of volume... .
	March 6	WWII: Soviet Army planes attack Narva Narva Narva is the third largest city in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border, on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus.-Early history:... in Estonia, destroying almost the entire old town.
	March 9	WWII: Soviet Army planes attack Tallinn Tallinn Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 414,940. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list... , Estonia.
	July 26	Battle of Narva Battle of Narva (1944) The Battle of Narva was a military campaign between the German Army Detachment "Narwa" and the Soviet Leningrad Front fought for possession of the strategically important Narva Isthmus on 2 February – 10 August 1944 during World War II.... : The Soviets captured Narva Narva Narva is the third largest city in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border, on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus.-Early history:... .
	July 29	Battle of Tannenberg Line: The Estonian and German counterattack stopped Soviet advance towards Tallinn.
	August 26	The Soviets captured most of Tartu Tartu Tartu is the second largest city of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual and cultural hub, especially since it is home to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university. Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the... , what became frontline city for almost a month.
	September 18	Jüri Uluots Jüri Uluots Jüri Uluots was an Estonian prime minister, journalist, prominent attorney and distinguished Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Tartu.... , prime minister in capacity of president of Estonia, asks Otto Tief Otto Tief Otto Tief was a lawyer, an Estonian military commander during the Estonian War of Independence and a politician. He was Acting Prime Minister of the last government of Estonia before Soviet troops occupied Estonia in 1944... to form a government on the eve of the withdrawal of German forces; official gazette published proclaiming the Tief government.
	September 20	Otto Tief Otto Tief Otto Tief was a lawyer, an Estonian military commander during the Estonian War of Independence and a politician. He was Acting Prime Minister of the last government of Estonia before Soviet troops occupied Estonia in 1944... attempts to organise the defence of Tallinn Tallinn Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 414,940. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list... against the arrival of the Red Army Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to... two days later.
	September 22	The Soviets captured Tallinn Tallinn Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 414,940. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list... .
		Otto Tief Otto Tief Otto Tief was a lawyer, an Estonian military commander during the Estonian War of Independence and a politician. He was Acting Prime Minister of the last government of Estonia before Soviet troops occupied Estonia in 1944... was captured by Soviet forces; Jüri Uluots Jüri Uluots Jüri Uluots was an Estonian prime minister, journalist, prominent attorney and distinguished Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Tartu.... and members of the Tief government escaped to Sweden Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.... .
	December 19	The entire territory of Estonia was captured by the Red Army Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to... .
1949	March 25	An extensive deportation campaign was conducted in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Soviet authorities deported more than 92,000 people from the Baltics to remote areas of the Soviet Union.
1955	July 19	Estonian Television (ETV) Eesti Televisioon Eesti Televisioon is the national public television station of Estonia. It made its first broadcast on 19 July 1955.The bulk of ETV's funding comes from government grant-in-aid, around 15% of which is in turn funded by the fees paid by Estonian commercial broadcasters in return for their... began broadcasting.
1978	September 28	One of the last Forest Brother Forest Brothers The Forest Brothers were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian partisans who waged a guerrilla war against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three Baltic states during, and after, World War II... guerilla movement fighter August Sabbe was discovered and killed in Estonia.
1980		Youth riots in the capital of the Soviet Republic of Estonia were quickly forced down.
1988		In Estonia, 300,000 demonstrated for independence.
	November 16	The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR declared that Estonia is "sovereign" but stopped short of declaring independence.
		Estonian Estonian language Estonian is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various émigré communities... became the official language of Estonia.
1989		After 44 years, the Estonian flag Flag of Estonia The national flag of Estonia is a tricolour featuring three equal horizontal bands of blue , black, and white. The normal size is 105 × 165 cm... was raised on the Pikk Hermann Pikk Hermann Pikk Hermann is a tower of the Toompea Castle, on Toompea hill in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. The first part was built 1360-70. It was rebuilt in the 16th century... castle tower.
1989		Two million indigenous people of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, then still occupied by the Soviet Union, joined hands to demand freedom and independence, forming an uninterrupted 600 km human chain called the Baltic Way Baltic Way The Baltic Way or Baltic Chain was a peaceful political demonstration that occurred on August 23, 1989. Approximately two million people joined their hands to form a human chain spanning over across the three Baltic states – Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR, and Lithuanian SSR, republics of the Soviet... .
1991		Latvia and Estonia voted for independence from the Soviet Union.
	August 20	The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR recognized Estonian independence from the Soviet Union.
		The United States recognized the independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
	September 6	The Soviet Union recognized the independence of the Baltic States Baltic states The term Baltic states refers to the Baltic territories which gained independence from the Russian Empire in the wake of World War I: primarily the contiguous trio of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania ; Finland also fell within the scope of the term after initially gaining independence in the 1920s.The... .
1992	June 20	The Soviet ruble Soviet ruble The Soviet ruble or rouble was the currency of the Soviet Union. One ruble is divided into 100 kopeks, .... was replaced with kroon Estonian kroon In 1992, coins were introduced in denominations of 5, 10, 20 & 50 senti, as well as 1 kroon. The 1 kroon was struck in cupronickel, the others in aluminum-bronze. However, in 1997, nickel-plated steel 20 senti were introduced, followed by aluminum-bronze 1 kroon in 1998. 5 senti coins were not... .
		Estonia held a referendum on its constitution Constitution of Estonia The Constitution of Estonia is the fundamental law of the Republic of Estonia and establishes the state order as that of a democratic republic where the supreme power is vested in its citizens. It was adopted in a freely elected Estonian Constituent Assembly on 15 June 1920 and came into force on... .
		Heinrich Mark Heinrich Mark Heinrich Mark was born on October 1, 1911, in Krootuse, Kõlleste Parish, now in Põlva County, Estonia. He died on August 2, 2004, in Stockholm, Sweden.... and the government in exile appointed by him cede their credentials to the newly elected Riigikogu.
		Lennart Meri Lennart Meri Lennart Georg Meri was a writer, film director and statesman who served as the second President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement.-Early life:... was elected President of Estonia President of Estonia The President of the Republic is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.Estonia is a parliamentary republic, therefore President is mainly a symbolic figure and holds no executive power. The President has to suspend his membership in any political party for his term in office... .
1994		The Russian army Russian Ground Forces The Russian Ground Forces are the land forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, formed from parts of the collapsing Soviet Army in 1992. The formation of these forces posed economic challenges after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and required reforms to professionalize the force... left Estonia.
1994	September 28	The car ferry RORO Roll-on/roll-off ships are vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo such as automobiles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers or railroad cars that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels... MS Estonia sank in the Baltic Sea Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and... , killing 852.
2001		68 people died in Estonia after drinking bootleg alcohol that contained methanol Methanol Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH . It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very similar to, but slightly sweeter than, ethanol... .
2002		Estonia hosted the first Eurovision Song Contest Eurovision Song Contest The Eurovision Song Contest is an annual competition held among active member countries of the European Broadcasting Union .Each member country submits a song to be performed on live television and then casts votes for the other countries' songs to determine the most popular song in the competition... in a former Soviet republic.
2002		North Atlantic Treaty Organization Summit in Prague Prague Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million... : Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east... , Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea... , Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south... and Slovenia Slovenia Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of... were invited to join NATO.
2003		Estonia approved joining the European Union in a referendum with 66% agreed with joining and 34% were against it.
2004	March 29	The largest expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to date takes place, allowing Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east... , Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea... , Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south... and Slovenia Slovenia Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of... into the organization.
2004	May 1	The largest expansion to date of the European Union took place, extending the Union by 10 member-states: Poland Poland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north... , Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, the Czech Republic Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest.... , Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south... , Slovenia Slovenia Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of... , Hungary Hungary Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The... , Malta Malta Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in... and Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the... .
2005		The same storm which pounded the U.S. earlier in the month hit England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental... , Scandinavia Scandinavia Scandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,... and the Baltic States Baltic states The term Baltic states refers to the Baltic territories which gained independence from the Russian Empire in the wake of World War I: primarily the contiguous trio of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania ; Finland also fell within the scope of the term after initially gaining independence in the 1920s.The... , leaving 13 dead with widespread flooding and power cuts.
2005		A passenger helicopter en route to Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is... , Finland Finland Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside... crashed into the sea near Tallinn Tallinn Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 414,940. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list... , Estonia, killing 14.
2006		Toomas Hendrik Ilves Toomas Hendrik Ilves Toomas Hendrik Ilves is the fourth and current President of Estonia. He is a former diplomat and journalist, was the leader of the Social Democratic Party in the 1990s and later a member of the European Parliament... was elected President of Estonia President of Estonia The President of the Republic is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.Estonia is a parliamentary republic, therefore President is mainly a symbolic figure and holds no executive power. The President has to suspend his membership in any political party for his term in office... .
2007	April 27	Russians riot in Tallinn Tallinn Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 414,940. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list... , Estonia, about moving the Bronze Soldier Bronze Soldier of Tallinn The Bronze Soldier is the informal name of a controversial Soviet World War II war memorial in Tallinn, Estonia, built at the site of several war graves, which were relocated to the nearby Tallinn Military Cemetery in 2007... . Two nights of rioting left one dead. Cyber attacks launched against Estonia.

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