Toyota GR engine
Encyclopedia
The Toyota GR engine family is an open-deck, V6 piston engine series. The GR series has a 60° die-cast
aluminum block
and aluminum DOHC cylinder head
s. This engine series also features 4 valves per cylinder, forged steel connecting rod
s, one-piece cast camshaft
s, and a cast aluminum lower intake manifold. Some variants use multi-port fuel injection, some have D4 direct injection
others have a combination of direct injection and multi-port fuel injection or D4-S.
The GR series replaces the previous MZ
V6, JZ
I6
and in the case of light trucks the VZ
V6.
Note: Power ratings have changed due to SAE measurement changes for 2006 model year vehicles. Toyota rates engines on 87 octane, Lexus rates engines on 91 octane
The 1GR-FE is the 4.0 L (3956 cc) version, designed for longitudinal mounting in RWD and 4WD pickup applications. It has a 94 mm bore and a stroke of 95 mm. Output is 236 hp at 5200 rpm with 266 lbft of torque at 4000 rpm on 87 octane, and 239 hp at 5200 rpm with 278 lbft at 3700 rpm on 91 octane. This engine features Toyota's VVT-i
, variable valve timing
system on the intake cam and a compression ratio of 10.0:1. An updated version of this engine features Dual VVT-i, increasing output to 254 hp and 270 lbft on 87 octane and 285 hp and 289 lbft on 91 octane. Inside, the 1GR uses a "taper-squish" combustion chamber design with matching pistons to improve anti-knocking
and engine performance, while also improving intake and fuel efficiency. Toyota adopted a siamese-type intake port, which reduces the surface area of the port walls and prevents fuel from adhering to such walls. This engine has special cast-iron cylinder liners cast into the block, which are a spiny type to improve adhesion between the liner and cylinder block. With these special thin liners it is impossible to bore the block. In the event of cylinder wall damage (scoring, deep protrusions, etc), the entire cylinder block must be replaced. For increased block rigidity, the 1GR also receives a high temperature plastic insulator/protector, which fills the empty space between the outer portion of the cylinders and block material common to open deck engines. For increased cooling efficiency, the 1GR employs water passages between the bores of the engine. There are two such passages for each bank for a total of four. This reduces cylinder hot-spotting and keeps combustion chamber temperatures more uniform.
A bolt-on TRD supercharger kit is available on the Tacoma and FJ Cruiser.
Applications (with VVT-i
) in model years:
Applications (with Dual VVT-i) in model years:
The 2GR-FE is a 3.5 L (3456 cc) version for transverse FWD mounting. Bore remains at 94 mm but stroke is reduced to 83 mm. Reported output varies depending on the vehicle application, but is approximately 266 hp to 275 hp at 6200 rpm with 245 lbft to 257 lbftof torque at 4700 rpm on 87 octane (R+M/2). This version features Toyota's Dual VVT-i, variable valve timing
on both the intake and exhaust cams. Valves are driven by roller-follower rocker arms with low friction roller bearings, and a unique, concave cam lobe design to increase valve lift over the traditional shimless lifter type system of the 1GR-FE. This increases overall cylinder head height to accommodate the slightly taller roller rocker system. Moreover, the cylinder head is segmented into 3 parts: valve cover, camshaft sub-assembly housing, and cylinder head sub-assembly. As such, this valvetrain is used across all other GR engines with Dual VVT-i. Its service weight is 163 kg.
Applications:
Roots-type Twin-Vortices
supercharger
The 2GR-FSE engine used in the Lexus IS
, and GS 350
, incorporate Toyota's latest D4-S twin injection fuel system. This system combines direct injection
with traditional port injection. Using direct injection and port injection simultaneously facilitates more precise mixing of air and fuel under low and medium load conditions for greater efficiency, while high load conditions dictate the use of direct injection alone for maximum power. The 2GR-FSE engine is rated at 309 PS at 6,400 RPM and 38.4 kgm at 4,800 RPM. The engine's service weight is 174 kg.
The 2GR-FSE was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines
list for 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
Applications：
Supercharged
, VVT-i
, uses cooled EGR system, 245 hp
The 3GR-FE is a 3.0 L (2994 cc) version with Dual VVT-i
, designed for RWD longitudinal mounting. Bore is 87.5 mm while stroke is shared with the 2GR at 83 mm, with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. Output is 170 kW at 6,400 RPM, and 300 N·m (221 ft·lbf) at 4,800 RPM.
Applications:
. The 3GR-FSE engine is rated at 256 PS at 6,200 RPM and 32 kgm at 3,600 RPM.
Applications:
on both the intake and exhaust cams and an improved D4 direct injection
system.
Applications:
Applications:
Die casting
Die casting is a metal casting process that is characterized by forcing molten metal under high pressure into a mold cavity. The mold cavity is created using two hardened tool steel dies which have been machined into shape and work similarly to an injection mold during the process...
aluminum block
Cylinder block
A cylinder block is an integrated structure comprising the cylinder of a reciprocating engine and often some or all of their associated surrounding structures...
and aluminum DOHC cylinder head
Cylinder head
In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder block. It closes in the top of the cylinder, forming the combustion chamber. This joint is sealed by a head gasket...
s. This engine series also features 4 valves per cylinder, forged steel connecting rod
Connecting rod
In a reciprocating piston engine, the connecting rod or conrod connects the piston to the crank or crankshaft. Together with the crank, they form a simple mechanism that converts linear motion into rotating motion....
s, one-piece cast camshaft
Camshaft
A camshaft is a shaft to which a cam is fastened or of which a cam forms an integral part.-History:An early cam was built into Hellenistic water-driven automata from the 3rd century BC. The camshaft was later described in Iraq by Al-Jazari in 1206. He employed it as part of his automata,...
s, and a cast aluminum lower intake manifold. Some variants use multi-port fuel injection, some have D4 direct injection
Gasoline direct injection
In internal combustion engines, gasoline direct injection , also known as petrol direct injection or direct petrol injection, is a variant of fuel injection employed in modern two-stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines...
others have a combination of direct injection and multi-port fuel injection or D4-S.
The GR series replaces the previous MZ
Toyota MZ engine
The Toyota MZ engine family is a V6 piston engine series. The MZ series has an aluminium engine block and aluminium alloy DOHC cylinder heads. The cylinders are lined with cast iron, and is of a closed deck design . The engine is a 60 degree V6 design...
V6, JZ
Toyota JZ engine
The Toyota JZ engine family is a series of inline-6 automobile engines. A replacement for the M-series inline-6 engines, the JZ engines were 24-valve DOHC engines. The JZ engine was offered in 2.5 and 3.0 litre versions.-1JZ:...
I6
Straight-6
The straight-six engine or inline-six engine is a six-cylinder internal combustion engine with all six cylinders mounted in a straight line along the crankcase...
and in the case of light trucks the VZ
Toyota VZ engine
The Toyota VZ engine family is a series of V6 gasoline piston engines ranging from 2.0L to 3.4L in displacement and both SOHC and DOHC configurations. The family introduced many changes for Toyota, including various EFI, ECU, and engine improvements from generation to generation. The VZ was...
V6.
Note: Power ratings have changed due to SAE measurement changes for 2006 model year vehicles. Toyota rates engines on 87 octane, Lexus rates engines on 91 octane
1GR-FE
VVT-i
VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota, similar in performance to the BMW's VANOS. The Toyota VVT-i system replaces the Toyota VVT offered starting in 24 December 1991 on the 5-valve per cylinder 4A-GE engine. The...
, variable valve timing
Variable valve timing
In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing , also known as Variable valve actuation , is a generalized term used to describe any mechanism or method that can alter the shape or timing of a valve lift event within an internal combustion engine...
system on the intake cam and a compression ratio of 10.0:1. An updated version of this engine features Dual VVT-i, increasing output to 254 hp and 270 lbft on 87 octane and 285 hp and 289 lbft on 91 octane. Inside, the 1GR uses a "taper-squish" combustion chamber design with matching pistons to improve anti-knocking
Engine knocking
Knocking in spark-ignition internal combustion engines occurs when combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder starts off correctly in response to ignition by the spark plug, but one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.The...
and engine performance, while also improving intake and fuel efficiency. Toyota adopted a siamese-type intake port, which reduces the surface area of the port walls and prevents fuel from adhering to such walls. This engine has special cast-iron cylinder liners cast into the block, which are a spiny type to improve adhesion between the liner and cylinder block. With these special thin liners it is impossible to bore the block. In the event of cylinder wall damage (scoring, deep protrusions, etc), the entire cylinder block must be replaced. For increased block rigidity, the 1GR also receives a high temperature plastic insulator/protector, which fills the empty space between the outer portion of the cylinders and block material common to open deck engines. For increased cooling efficiency, the 1GR employs water passages between the bores of the engine. There are two such passages for each bank for a total of four. This reduces cylinder hot-spotting and keeps combustion chamber temperatures more uniform.
A bolt-on TRD supercharger kit is available on the Tacoma and FJ Cruiser.
Applications (with VVT-i
VVT-i
VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota, similar in performance to the BMW's VANOS. The Toyota VVT-i system replaces the Toyota VVT offered starting in 24 December 1991 on the 5-valve per cylinder 4A-GE engine. The...
) in model years:
- 2003-2009 Toyota 4Runner / Hilux Surf (GRN210/215)
- 2007 Toyota Land Cruiser (GRJ200)
- 2003-2009 Toyota Land Cruiser Prado (GRJ120/121/125)
- 2005-present Toyota Tacoma (GRN225/245/250/265/270)
- 2005 Toyota Hilux (GGN10/20)
- 2005-2006 Toyota Tundra (GSK30)
- 2007-2009 Toyota Tundra (GSK50/51)
- 2005 Toyota FortunerToyota FortunerThe Toyota Fortuner, also known as the Toyota SW4, is a medium-sized SUV based on the Toyota Hilux. Originally assembled only in Thailand, but later also in Indonesia and other countries, the Fortuner is built on the well-established platform of the Toyota Hilux pickup truck. It features three...
(GGN50/60) - 2007-2009 Toyota FJ CruiserToyota FJ CruiserThe Toyota FJ Cruiser is a retro style SUV with styling and off road performance reminiscent of the original Toyota FJ40 Land Cruisers. Introduced as a concept car at the February 2003 Chicago Auto Show, the FJ Cruiser was green lit after enormous consumer response and debuted at the January 2005...
(GSJ10/15)
Applications (with Dual VVT-i) in model years:
- 2010-present Toyota 4Runner (GRN280)
- 2010-present Toyota FJ CruiserToyota FJ CruiserThe Toyota FJ Cruiser is a retro style SUV with styling and off road performance reminiscent of the original Toyota FJ40 Land Cruisers. Introduced as a concept car at the February 2003 Chicago Auto Show, the FJ Cruiser was green lit after enormous consumer response and debuted at the January 2005...
- 2009-present Toyota Land Cruiser Prado (GRJ150/155)
- 2010-present Toyota Tundra (GSK50/51)
2GR-FE
Variable valve timing
In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing , also known as Variable valve actuation , is a generalized term used to describe any mechanism or method that can alter the shape or timing of a valve lift event within an internal combustion engine...
on both the intake and exhaust cams. Valves are driven by roller-follower rocker arms with low friction roller bearings, and a unique, concave cam lobe design to increase valve lift over the traditional shimless lifter type system of the 1GR-FE. This increases overall cylinder head height to accommodate the slightly taller roller rocker system. Moreover, the cylinder head is segmented into 3 parts: valve cover, camshaft sub-assembly housing, and cylinder head sub-assembly. As such, this valvetrain is used across all other GR engines with Dual VVT-i. Its service weight is 163 kg.
Applications:
- 2005 Toyota Avalon (GSX30)
- 2006 Toyota AurionToyota AurionThe Toyota Aurion is a mid-size car produced by Toyota in Australia and parts of Asia since 2006. The Aurion, given the model designation XV40 is essentially a Toyota Camry with revised front- and rear-end treatment, along with changes to the interior...
(GSV40) - 2006 Toyota RAV4 (GSA33/38)
- 2006 Toyota Estima (GSR50/55)
- 2006 Toyota Previa (GSR50)
- 2006 Toyota Tarago (GSR50)
- 2006 Toyota SiennaToyota SiennaThe Toyota Sienna is a family minivan currently manufactured by Toyota at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana in Princeton, Indiana, United States for the North American market. It replaced the first-generation Previa van in 1997 with a more conventional front wheel drive layout and shares a heavily...
(GSL20/23/25) - 2007 Toyota Camry (GSV40)
- 2007 Lexus ES 350 (GSV40)
- 2007 Lexus RX 350 (GSU30/35)
- 2007 Toyota Harrier (GSU30/31/35/36)
- 2007 Toyota Vanguard (GSA33)
- 2009 Lexus RX 350 (GGL10/15/16)
- 2007 Toyota Kluger (GSU40/45)
- 2007 Toyota Blade (GRE156)
- 2007 Toyota Mark X ZioToyota Mark X ZioThe Toyota Mark X ZiO is a station wagon manufactured by Toyota and introduced in 2007. It replaces the Mark II Blit wagon. The "4+Free" concept allows for a wide range of interior configuration.The ZiO's "three mode" cabin can accommodate from four to seven passengers. In "personal sedan mode," a...
(GGA10) - 2008 Toyota Alphard (GGH20/25)
- 2008 Toyota Vellfire (GGH20/25)
- 2008 Toyota Highlander (GSU40/45)
- 2009 Toyota VenzaToyota VenzaThe Toyota Venza is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by Japanese automaker Toyota and unveiled at the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit...
(GGV10/15) - 2009 Lotus EvoraLotus EvoraThe Lotus Evora is a sports car produced by British car manufacturer Lotus. The car, which was developed under the project name Project Eagle, was launched as the Evora on 22 July 2008 at the British International Motor Show.- Development :...
(280ps & 350Nm using Lotus engine management, Sport Pack package redlineRedlineRedline refers to the maximum engine speed at which an internal combustion engine or traction motor and its components are designed to operate without causing damage to the components themselves or other parts of the engine...
increased to 7000rpm) - Toyota Corolla (E140/E150) (for Super GTSuper GTThe Super GT series, formerly known as the All-Japan Grand Touring Car Championship or JGTC , is a grand touring car race series promoted by the GT-Association...
use)
2GR-FZE
EatonEaton Corporation
Eaton Corporation is a global diversified power management company with 2010 sales of $13.7 billion. The company is a leading provider of electrical components and systems for power quality, distribution and control; hydraulics components, systems and services for industrial and mobile equipment;...
Roots-type Twin-Vortices
TVS Supercharger
The TVS Supercharger is an automotive supercharger that was developed by Eaton Corporation to improve on all existing types superchargers. The TVS acronym stands for Twin Vortices Series....
supercharger
Supercharger
A supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an internal combustion engine.The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support combustion than would be available in a naturally aspirated engine, which allows more fuel to be burned and more work to be done per cycle,...
- 2007 TRD AurionToyota AurionThe Toyota Aurion is a mid-size car produced by Toyota in Australia and parts of Asia since 2006. The Aurion, given the model designation XV40 is essentially a Toyota Camry with revised front- and rear-end treatment, along with changes to the interior...
(TRD supercharger) - 2010 Lotus EvoraLotus EvoraThe Lotus Evora is a sports car produced by British car manufacturer Lotus. The car, which was developed under the project name Project Eagle, was launched as the Evora on 22 July 2008 at the British International Motor Show.- Development :...
S (345 hp, 295 lb-ft)
2GR-FSE
Lexus IS
The Lexus IS is a series of entry-level luxury cars / compact executive cars sold by Lexus since 1998. The IS was introduced as an entry-level sport model slotted below the ES in the Lexus lineup...
, and GS 350
Lexus GS
The Lexus GS is a series of mid-size luxury sports sedans / executive cars sold by Lexus since 1993. Designed to fill the gap between the ES and LS, and to provide Lexus with a performance sedan to compete in the mid-luxury class, three generations of the GS have been produced to date...
, incorporate Toyota's latest D4-S twin injection fuel system. This system combines direct injection
Gasoline direct injection
In internal combustion engines, gasoline direct injection , also known as petrol direct injection or direct petrol injection, is a variant of fuel injection employed in modern two-stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines...
with traditional port injection. Using direct injection and port injection simultaneously facilitates more precise mixing of air and fuel under low and medium load conditions for greater efficiency, while high load conditions dictate the use of direct injection alone for maximum power. The 2GR-FSE engine is rated at 309 PS at 6,400 RPM and 38.4 kgm at 4,800 RPM. The engine's service weight is 174 kg.
The 2GR-FSE was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines
Ward's 10 Best Engines
Ward's 10 Best Engines is an annual list of the ten "best" automobile engines available in the U.S. market, that are selected by Ward's AutoWorld magazine. The list was started in 1994, and has been drawn every year since then....
list for 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
Applications：
- 2006 Toyota Crown Athlete (GRS184)
- 2006 Lexus GS 350 (GRS191/196)
- 2006 Lexus GS 450h (GWS191)
- 2006 Lexus IS 350 & IS 350 C (GSE21)
- 2008 Toyota Crown Athlete (GRS204)
- 2008 Toyota Crown Hybrid (GWS204)
- 2009 Toyota Mark X (GRX133)
Supercharged
- 2009 Toyota Mark X Supercharged (265 KW, 355 hp)
2GR-FXE
Atkinson cycleAtkinson cycle
The Atkinson cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine invented by James Atkinson in 1882. The Atkinson cycle is designed to provide efficiency at the expense of power density, and is used in some modern hybrid electric applications.-Design:...
, VVT-i
VVT-i
VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota, similar in performance to the BMW's VANOS. The Toyota VVT-i system replaces the Toyota VVT offered starting in 24 December 1991 on the 5-valve per cylinder 4A-GE engine. The...
, uses cooled EGR system, 245 hp
- 2010 Lexus RX 450h (GYL10/15/16)
- 2010 Toyota Highlander Hybrid
3GR-FE
VVT-i
VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota, similar in performance to the BMW's VANOS. The Toyota VVT-i system replaces the Toyota VVT offered starting in 24 December 1991 on the 5-valve per cylinder 4A-GE engine. The...
, designed for RWD longitudinal mounting. Bore is 87.5 mm while stroke is shared with the 2GR at 83 mm, with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. Output is 170 kW at 6,400 RPM, and 300 N·m (221 ft·lbf) at 4,800 RPM.
Applications:
- 2003 Toyota Crown (GRS182) (China, Asia-Pacific ex.Japan)
- 2005 Toyota Reiz (GRX121) (China)
- 2005 Lexus GS 300 (GRS190) (Middle East, Asia-Pacific ex.Japan)
- 2007 Lexus IS 300 & IS 300 C (GSE22) (Middle East, Asia-Pacific ex.Japan)
3GR-FSE
The 3GR-FSE adds D4 direct injectionGasoline direct injection
In internal combustion engines, gasoline direct injection , also known as petrol direct injection or direct petrol injection, is a variant of fuel injection employed in modern two-stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines...
. The 3GR-FSE engine is rated at 256 PS at 6,200 RPM and 32 kgm at 3,600 RPM.
Applications:
- 2004 Toyota Mark XToyota Mark XThe Mark X is a mid size automobile created by Toyota for the Japanese market. The Mark X was introduced in 2004 and is manufactured in Kanegasaki, Iwate, Japan. Also sold in China as the Reiz, it is available with either a 3.0 L or 2.5 L GR series V6 engine. Both engines offer dual VVT-i with...
(GRX121) (Japan) - 2003 Toyota Crown Royal & Athlete (GRS182/183) (Japan)
- 2006 Lexus GS 300 (GRS190/195) (Europe & North America)
- 2008 Toyota Crown Royal (GRS202/203) (Japan)
4GR-FSE
The 4GR-FSE is a 2.5 L (2499 cc) version. Bore is 83.0 mm while stroke is reduced to 77.0 mm. Output is 207 PS at 6,400 RPM and 26.5 kgm at 3,800 RPM. This version also features Dual VVT-i, variable valve timingVariable valve timing
In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing , also known as Variable valve actuation , is a generalized term used to describe any mechanism or method that can alter the shape or timing of a valve lift event within an internal combustion engine...
on both the intake and exhaust cams and an improved D4 direct injection
Gasoline direct injection
In internal combustion engines, gasoline direct injection , also known as petrol direct injection or direct petrol injection, is a variant of fuel injection employed in modern two-stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines...
system.
Applications:
- 2004 Toyota Mark XToyota Mark XThe Mark X is a mid size automobile created by Toyota for the Japanese market. The Mark X was introduced in 2004 and is manufactured in Kanegasaki, Iwate, Japan. Also sold in China as the Reiz, it is available with either a 3.0 L or 2.5 L GR series V6 engine. Both engines offer dual VVT-i with...
(GRX120/125) (Japan) - 2006 Lexus IS 250 & IS 250 C (GSE20/25)
- 2003 Toyota Crown Royal & Athlete (GRS180/181)(Japan)
- 2008 Toyota Crown Royal & Athlete (GRS200/201) (Japan)
- 2009 Toyota Mark XToyota Mark XThe Mark X is a mid size automobile created by Toyota for the Japanese market. The Mark X was introduced in 2004 and is manufactured in Kanegasaki, Iwate, Japan. Also sold in China as the Reiz, it is available with either a 3.0 L or 2.5 L GR series V6 engine. Both engines offer dual VVT-i with...
(GRX130/135) (Japan)
5GR-FE
The 5GR-FE is a 2.5 L (2497 cc) version. Bore is 87.5 mm while stroke is 69.2 mm with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. Output is 145 kW at 6,200 RPM and 24.7 kgm at 4,400 RPM. This version does not include direct injection, but does include Dual VVT-i. The 5GR-FE engine is only built in China for vehicles for the Chinese market. Using the same bore as the 3GR-FE which is also built in China it can be built on the same production line, thus reducing production cost.Applications:
- 2005 Toyota Reiz (GRX122) (China)
- 2005 Toyota Crown (GRS188) (China)