Treaty of La Pointe
Encyclopedia
The Treaty of La Pointe may refer to either of two treaties
made and signed in La Pointe, Wisconsin
between the United States
and the Ojibwe (Chippewa) Native American
peoples. In addition, the Isle Royale Agreement, an adhesion to the first Treaty of La Pointe, was made at La Pointe.
The first treaty of La Pointe was signed Robert Stuart for the United States
and representatives of the Ojibwe of Lake Superior and the Mississippi on October 4, 1842 and proclaimed on March 23, 1843, encoded into the laws of the United States as . This treaty ceded lands now parts of Wisconsin and Upper Peninsula Michigan. The signatory tribes retain hunting, fishing and gathering rights on for this region.
However, the news of the signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty
on August 9, 1842, did not reach the diplomatic corps of either party, officially ending the boundary dispute between Great Britain and the United States, on what now is the Arrowhead Region
of Minnesota. Consequently the Grand Portage Band was not invited to join the signing of this treaty. In 1844, the United States and Grand Portage Band signed the Isle Royale Agreement as an adhesion to this treaty.
In Wisconsin, for regulatory purposes, the southeastern boundaries of the 1842 treaty-area have been adjusted to follow distinct landmarks such as roads and streams. However, in Wisconsin with consent of the property-owner and with tribally issued license, all treaty rights of hunting, fishing and gathering may be exercised by the members of the signatory bands.
In Minnesota, no boundary adjustments have been made. However, as the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
have been mainly concerned over hunting regulations, Minnesota does not acknowledge the 1842 land cession area over Minnesota's claim over Lake Superior. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, however, did approve an extension of the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe tribal fishing rights for the Grand Portage Band over portion of Minnesota's Lake Superior claims.
The Isle Royale Agreement is an adhesion to the 1842 Treaty of La Pointe, conducted at La Pointe, Wisconsin
Territory on August 20, 1844, with Commissioner Robert Stuart
representing the United States
. Grand Portage Band was excluded from the 1842 treaty because they were mistakenly though of as being exterior of the United States as the news of signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty
on August 9, 1842, did not reach the diplomatic corps of either party, officially ending the boundary dispute between Great Britain and the United States, on what now is the Arrowhead Region
of Minnesota. The Grand Portage Band was utilizing the resources on Isle Royale
as they thought Isle Royale, like themselves, were in British Territory. After boundary clarification showing Grand Portage Band and Isle Royale were both within the United States, Grand Portage Band signed the Isle Royale Agreement as a treaty adhesion, with the 1842 treaty signatories re-affirming the treaty.
‡ Name given in Dakota
and representatives of the Ojibwe of Lake Superior and the Mississippi on September 30, 1854 and proclaimed on January 29, 1855. The treaty ceded all of the Lake Superior Ojibwe lands to the United States in the Arrowhead Region
of Northeastern Minnesota, in exchange for reservations for the Lake Superior Ojibwe in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota. The signatory tribes retain hunting, fishing and gathering right within this region. The portions left unceded were given claims to the Mississippi Ojibwe.
The Indian reservations established under this treaty are:
along with general land grants to the Metis.
Mole Lake
and St. Croix
Bands lost their federal recognition due to not being included in this treaty. Mole Lake Band and St. Croix Band's eastern half in Wisconsin re-gained their federal recognition under the Indian Reorganization Act
of 1934, but the St. Croix Band's western half in Minnesota are not independently recognized and are considered part of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
.
Treaty
A treaty is an express agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an agreement, protocol, covenant, convention or exchange of letters, among other terms...
made and signed in La Pointe, Wisconsin
La Pointe, Wisconsin
La Pointe is a town in Ashland County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The town includes all of the Apostle Islands. There is also an unincorporated community named La Pointe on Madeline Island, the largest of the Apostle Islands . The population was 246 at the 2000 census...
between the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and the Ojibwe (Chippewa) Native American
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...
peoples. In addition, the Isle Royale Agreement, an adhesion to the first Treaty of La Pointe, was made at La Pointe.
1842 Treaty of La Pointe
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and representatives of the Ojibwe of Lake Superior and the Mississippi on October 4, 1842 and proclaimed on March 23, 1843, encoded into the laws of the United States as . This treaty ceded lands now parts of Wisconsin and Upper Peninsula Michigan. The signatory tribes retain hunting, fishing and gathering rights on for this region.
However, the news of the signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
The Webster–Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies...
on August 9, 1842, did not reach the diplomatic corps of either party, officially ending the boundary dispute between Great Britain and the United States, on what now is the Arrowhead Region
Arrowhead Region
The Arrowhead Region is located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota, so called because of its pointed shape. The predominantly rural region encompasses of land area and comprises Carlton, Cook, Lake and St. Louis Counties. Its population at the 2000 census was 248,425 residents...
of Minnesota. Consequently the Grand Portage Band was not invited to join the signing of this treaty. In 1844, the United States and Grand Portage Band signed the Isle Royale Agreement as an adhesion to this treaty.
Signatories
The Ojibwe treaty signatories were:| # | Location | Recorded Name | Name (Translation/"Alias") | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crow Wing River | Po go ne gi shik | Bagonegiizhig (Hole in the Day) | 1st chief |
| 2 | Crow Wing River | Son go com ick | Zoongakamig (Firm Ground) | 2d chief |
| 3 | Sandy Lake Band | Ka non do ur uin zo | Gaa-nandawaawinzo (He that Gathers Berries/"le Brocheux") | 1st chief |
| 4 | Sandy Lake Band | Na tum e gaw bon | Netamigaabawi (Stands First) | 2d chief |
| 5 | Gull Lake | Ua bo jig | Waabojiig (White Fisher) Waubojeeg Waub-o-jeeg, also written Wa-bo-jeeg or other variants of Ojibwe Waabojiig was a famous warrior and chief of the Ojibwa. He was born into the Adik doodem some time in the mid-18th century near Shagawamikong on the western end of Lake Superior... |
1st chief |
| 6 | Gull Lake | Pay pe si gon de bay | Bebiizigindibe (Curly Head) | 2d chief |
| 7 | Red Ceder Lake | Kui ui sen shis | Gwiiwizhenzhish (Bad Boy) | 1st chief |
| 8 | Red Ceder Lake | Ott taw wance | Odaawaans (Little Ottawa) | 2d chief |
| 9 | Pokegama | Bai ie jig | Bayezhig (Lone Man) | 1st chief |
| 10 | Pokegama | Show ne aw | Zhooniyaa (Silver) | 2d chief |
| 11 | Wisconsin River | Ki uen zi | Akiwenzii (Old Man) | 1st chief |
| 12 | Wisconsin River | Wi aw bis ke kut te way | 2d chief | |
| 13 | Lac du Flambeau Band | A pish ka go gi | Apishkaagaagi (Magpie/"White Crow") | 1st chief |
| 14 | Lac du Flambeau Band | May tock cus e quay | Metaakozige ([Smokes] Pure Tobacco) | 2d chief |
| 15 | Lac du Flambeau Band | She maw gon e | Zhimaagani (Lance) | 2d chief |
| 16 | Lake Bands | Ki ji ua be she shi | Gichi-waabizheshi (Big Marten) | 1st chief |
| 17 | Lake Bands | Ke kon o tum | Geganoodam (Intercessor) | 2d chief |
| 18 | Fond du Lac Band | Shin goob | Zhingob (Balsam) | 1st chief |
| 19 | Fond du Lac Band | Na gan nab | Naagaanab (Foremost Sitter) | 2d chief |
| 20 | Fond du Lac Band | Mong o zet | Maangozid (Loon's Foot) | 2d chief |
| 21 | La Pointe Band | Gitchi waisky | Gichi-weshkiinh (Great-renewer/"Buffalo") | 1st chief |
| 22 | La Pointe Band | Mi zi | Mizay (Eel) | 2d chief |
| 23 | La Pointe Band | Ta qua gone e | Dagwagaane (Two Lodges Meet) Tagwagane Chief Tagwagané was an Anishinaabe sub-chief of the La Pointe Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, located in the Chequamegon area in the first half of the 19th century. He was of the Ajijaak-doodem... |
2d chief |
| 24 | Ontonagon | O kon di kan | Okandikan (Bouy) | 1st chief |
| 25 | Ontonagon | Kis ke taw wac | Giishkitawag (Cut Ear) | 2d chief |
| 26 | L'Anse | Pe na shi | Bineshiinh (Bird) | 1st chief |
| 27 | L'Anse | Guck we san sish | Akakwijenzhish (Bad Little Groundhog) | 2d chief |
| 28 | Lac Vieux Desert Band | Ka she osh e | Gezhiiyaashi (Sails Fast) | 1st chief |
| 29 | Lac Vieux Desert Band | Medge waw gwaw wot | 2d chief | |
| 30 | Mille Lacs Indians Mille Lacs Indians The Mille Lacs Indians are a Band of Indians formed from the unification of the Mille Lacs Band of Mississippi Chippewa with the Mille Lacs Band of Mdewakanton Sioux... |
Ne qua ne be | Negwanebi ([Quill]feather) | 1st chief |
| 31 | Mille Lacs Indians Mille Lacs Indians The Mille Lacs Indians are a Band of Indians formed from the unification of the Mille Lacs Band of Mississippi Chippewa with the Mille Lacs Band of Mdewakanton Sioux... |
Ua shash ko kum | Wazhashkokon (Muskrat's Liver) | 2d chief |
| 32 | Mille Lacs Indians Mille Lacs Indians The Mille Lacs Indians are a Band of Indians formed from the unification of the Mille Lacs Band of Mississippi Chippewa with the Mille Lacs Band of Mdewakanton Sioux... |
No din | Noodin (Wind) | 2d chief |
| 33 | St. Croix Band | Be zhi ki | Bizhiki (Buffalo) | 1st chief |
| 34 | St. Croix Band | Ka bi na be | Gaa-bimabi (He that sits to the side/"Wet mouth") | 2d chief |
| 35 | St. Croix Band | Ai aw bens | Ayaabens (Little Buck) | 2d chief |
| 36 | Snake River | Sha go bi | Shák'pí ("Little" Six) Chief Shakopee Chief Shakopee may refer to any of the three Mdewakanton Dakota chiefs who lived in the early 19th century. The name comes from the Dakota Shák'pí meaning "Six".-Shakopee I:... ‡ |
1st chief |
| 37 | Chippewa River | Ua be she shi | Waabizheshi (Marten) | 1st chief |
| 38 | Chippewa River | Que way zhan sis | Gwiiwizhenzhish (Bad Boy) | 2d chief |
| 39 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Ne na nang eb | Nenaa'angebi (Beautifying Bird) Beautifying Bird Chief Beautifying Bird or Dressing Bird , was a principal chief of the Prairie Rice Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewas, originally located near Rice Lake, Wisconsin... |
1st chief |
| 40 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Be bo kon uen | 2d chief | |
| 41 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Ki uen zi | Akiwenzii (Old Man) | 2d chief |
- ‡Name given in DakotaDakota languageDakota is a Siouan language spoken by the Dakota people of the Sioux tribes. Dakota is closely related to and mutually intelligible with the Lakota language.-Dialects:...
.
Treaty area boundary adjustments
In Michigan, no boundary adjustments have been made.In Wisconsin, for regulatory purposes, the southeastern boundaries of the 1842 treaty-area have been adjusted to follow distinct landmarks such as roads and streams. However, in Wisconsin with consent of the property-owner and with tribally issued license, all treaty rights of hunting, fishing and gathering may be exercised by the members of the signatory bands.
In Minnesota, no boundary adjustments have been made. However, as the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources is the agency of the U.S. state of Minnesota charged with conserving and managing the state's natural resources. The agency maintains areas such as state parks, state forests, recreational trails, and recreation areas as well as managing minerals,...
have been mainly concerned over hunting regulations, Minnesota does not acknowledge the 1842 land cession area over Minnesota's claim over Lake Superior. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, however, did approve an extension of the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe tribal fishing rights for the Grand Portage Band over portion of Minnesota's Lake Superior claims.
1844 Isle Royale Agreement
La Pointe, Wisconsin
La Pointe is a town in Ashland County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The town includes all of the Apostle Islands. There is also an unincorporated community named La Pointe on Madeline Island, the largest of the Apostle Islands . The population was 246 at the 2000 census...
Territory on August 20, 1844, with Commissioner Robert Stuart
Robert Stuart
Major Robert Stuart was an officer of the British Army and veteran of the Crimean War. After the war, he was appointed Vice-Consul at Volos and later Consul at Janina and Consul-General in various locations...
representing the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. Grand Portage Band was excluded from the 1842 treaty because they were mistakenly though of as being exterior of the United States as the news of signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
The Webster–Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies...
on August 9, 1842, did not reach the diplomatic corps of either party, officially ending the boundary dispute between Great Britain and the United States, on what now is the Arrowhead Region
Arrowhead Region
The Arrowhead Region is located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota, so called because of its pointed shape. The predominantly rural region encompasses of land area and comprises Carlton, Cook, Lake and St. Louis Counties. Its population at the 2000 census was 248,425 residents...
of Minnesota. The Grand Portage Band was utilizing the resources on Isle Royale
Isle Royale
Isle Royale is an island of the Great Lakes, located in the northwest of Lake Superior, and part of the state of Michigan. The island and the 450 surrounding smaller islands and waters make up Isle Royale National Park....
as they thought Isle Royale, like themselves, were in British Territory. After boundary clarification showing Grand Portage Band and Isle Royale were both within the United States, Grand Portage Band signed the Isle Royale Agreement as a treaty adhesion, with the 1842 treaty signatories re-affirming the treaty.
| # | Recorded Name | Name (Translation/"Alias") | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Wab-ish-gag-gang-e | Waabishkaagaagi (White Crow) | Lac du Flambeau Band |
| 02 | She-mang-un-ish | Zhimaaganish (Lance) | Lac du Flambeau Band |
| 03 | Knisteno | Ginishtinoo (Cree) | Lac du Flambeau Band |
| 04 | Ude-kum-ag | Adikameg (Whitefish) | Lac du Flambeau Band |
| 05 | Now-uj-e-wun | Naawajiwan (Middle of the Current) | Lac du Flambeau Band |
| 06 | Medge-wok-gok-wud | Lac du Flambeau Band | |
| 07 | Ah-mon-se | Aamoons (Wasp) | Lac du Flambeau Band |
| 08 | San-gan-e-may | Lac du Flambeau Band | |
| 09 | Ke-che-wais-keenh | Gichi-weshkiinh (Great-renewer/"le Bœuf") | La Pointe Band |
| 10 | Tug-wug-aun-e | Dagwagaane (Two Lodges Meet) Tagwagane Chief Tagwagané was an Anishinaabe sub-chief of the La Pointe Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, located in the Chequamegon area in the first half of the 19th century. He was of the Ajijaak-doodem... |
La Pointe Band |
| 11 | Mis-ia | Mizay (Eel) | La Pointe Band |
| 12 | Muk-ud-a-be-nase | Makade-bines (Black Bird) | La Pointe Band |
| 13 | Ke-che-waub-e-sash-e | Gichi-waabizheshi (Big Marten) | Pelican Lake |
| 14 | Nig-gig | Nigig (Otter) | Pelican Lake |
| 15 | Osh-kau-bay-wis | Oshkaabewis (Waiter) | Wisconsin River |
| 16 | Kay-she-aush | Gezhiiyaashi (Sails Fast) | Lac Vieux Desert Band |
| 17 | Rim-idj-wang-auk-wad | Lac Vieux Desert Band | |
| 18 | Bin-ash-een | Bineshiinh (Bird) | L'Anse |
| 19 | Ke-nen-ance | L'Anse | |
| 20 | Bug-um-aug-un | L'Anse | |
| 21 | Shin-goop | Zhingob (Spruce) | Fond du Lac Band |
| 22 | Nug-un-ub | Naagaanab (Foremost Sitter) | Fond du Lac Band |
| 23 | Mon-go-sit | Maangozid (Loon's Foot) | Fond du Lac Band |
| 24 | Kah-rum-dum-ah-winso | Gaa-nandawaawinzo (He that Gathers Berries/"le Brocheux") | Sandy Lake Band |
| 25 | Win-je-ke-shik-uk | Wenji-giizhigak (Whence from the Sky) | Sandy Lake Band |
| 26 | Bug-on-a-ke-shing | Bagonegiizhig (Hole in the Day) | Crow Wing |
| 27 | Song-uk-um-ig | Zoongakamig (Firm Ground) | Crow Wing |
| 28 | I-ansh-ow-eke-shik | Ayaazhawi-giizhig (Crossing Sky) | Red Cedar Lake |
| 29 | Otto-wance | Odaawaans (Little Ottawa) | Red Cedar Lake |
| 30 | Waub-o-geeg | Waabojiig (White Fisher) | Gull Lake |
| 31 | Na-quon-abe | Negwanebi (["Tallest" Quill]feather) | Mille Lacs Band Mille Lacs Indians The Mille Lacs Indians are a Band of Indians formed from the unification of the Mille Lacs Band of Mississippi Chippewa with the Mille Lacs Band of Mdewakanton Sioux... |
| 32 | Be-dud | Pítad‡ (Muskrat's Liver) | Mille Lacs Band Mille Lacs Indians The Mille Lacs Indians are a Band of Indians formed from the unification of the Mille Lacs Band of Mississippi Chippewa with the Mille Lacs Band of Mdewakanton Sioux... |
| 33 | No-din | Noodin (Wind) | Mille Lacs Band Mille Lacs Indians The Mille Lacs Indians are a Band of Indians formed from the unification of the Mille Lacs Band of Mississippi Chippewa with the Mille Lacs Band of Mdewakanton Sioux... |
| 34 | Shin-e-yah | Zhooniyaa (Silver) | Pokegama |
| 35 | Boin-ance | Bwaanens (Little Sioux) | Pokegama |
| 36 | Kow-e-tas-sy | St. Croix Band | |
| 37 | Ah-cab-ay | Ayaabe[ns] ([Little] Buck) | St. Croix Band |
| 38 | Ke-che-no-din | Gichi-noodin (Big Wing) | St. Croix Band |
| 39 | Gah-be-mah-be | Gaa-bimaabi (He that sits to the side/"Wet Mouth") | St. Croix Band |
| 40 | Waub-e-sash-e | Waabizheshi (Marten) | Chippewa River |
| 41 | Que-we-san-sish | Gwiiwizhenzhish (Bad Boy) | Chippewa River |
| 42 | Mah-een-gun | Ma'iingan (Wolf) | Chippewa River |
| 43 | Ke-wan-se | Akiwenzii (Old Man) | Lac Courte Oreilles Band |
| 44 | Ke-che-be-nas-sy | Gichi-binesi (Big Bird) | Lac Courte Oreilles Band |
| 45 | Omad-ag-um-e | Lake Chetac | |
| 46 | Nay-nuk-aung-abe | Nenaa'angebi (Beautifying Bird) Beautifying Bird Chief Beautifying Bird or Dressing Bird , was a principal chief of the Prairie Rice Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewas, originally located near Rice Lake, Wisconsin... |
Lake Chetac |
| 47 | Ka-kake | Gegek (Hawk) | Lake Chetac |
| 48 | Ky-aush-ke-bar | Lake Chetac | |
| 49 | Shag-un-aush-eens | Zhaaganaashiins (Little Englishman) | Grand Portage Band |
| 50 | Ad-dik-ons | Adikoons (Little Reindeer) | Grand Portage Band |
‡ Name given in Dakota
Dakota language
Dakota is a Siouan language spoken by the Dakota people of the Sioux tribes. Dakota is closely related to and mutually intelligible with the Lakota language.-Dialects:...
- Wm. McDonald
- Jno. Hulbert
- Clement H Beaulieu
- Chas. H. Oakes
- J Russell
- Jas. P. Hays, United States Indian Sub-Agent
- Wm. W. WarrenWilliam Whipple WarrenWilliam Whipple Warren was a mixed-blood Ojibwe historian, interpreter, and legislator in the Minnesota Territory. He moved from Wisconsin to Crow Wing in the fall of 1845. Warren suffered from lung problems for many years and died as a young man of 28 from tuberculosis on June 1, 1853.-Early life...
, Interpreter
1854 Treaty of La Pointe
The second treaty of La Pointe was signed by Henry C. Gilbert and David B. Herriman for the United StatesUnited States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and representatives of the Ojibwe of Lake Superior and the Mississippi on September 30, 1854 and proclaimed on January 29, 1855. The treaty ceded all of the Lake Superior Ojibwe lands to the United States in the Arrowhead Region
Arrowhead Region
The Arrowhead Region is located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota, so called because of its pointed shape. The predominantly rural region encompasses of land area and comprises Carlton, Cook, Lake and St. Louis Counties. Its population at the 2000 census was 248,425 residents...
of Northeastern Minnesota, in exchange for reservations for the Lake Superior Ojibwe in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota. The signatory tribes retain hunting, fishing and gathering right within this region. The portions left unceded were given claims to the Mississippi Ojibwe.
The Indian reservations established under this treaty are:
- L'AnseL'Anse Indian ReservationThe L'Anse Indian Reservation is the land base of the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of the Lake Superior Bands of Chippewa Indians . It is located primarily in two non-contiguous sections on either side of the Keweenaw Bay in Baraga County in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan...
with Lac Vieux DesertLac Vieux Desert Indian ReservationLac Vieux Desert Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation located in Watersmeet Township of southeastern Gogebic County, in the western part of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It is the landbase for the Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. The reservation has a total land area of... - Bad RiverBad River Chippewa BandThe Bad River LaPointe Band of Chippewa Indians is located on a reservation on the south shore of Lake Superior. The reservation, which has a land area of 497.477 km² , is in northern Wisconsin straddling Ashland and Iron counties. The band has approximately 7,000 members, of whom about 1,800...
- Lac du FlambeauLac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior ChippewaThe Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa are an Ojibwa Native American tribe, with an Indian reservation lying mostly in the Town of Lac du Flambeau in south-western Vilas County, and in the Town of Sherman in south-eastern Iron County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin...
and Lac Courte OreillesLac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa IndiansThe Lac Courte Oreilles Tribe are one of seven federally recognized Wisconsin bands of Ojibwa. The band is based at the Lac Courte Oreilles Indian Reservation, at in northwestern Wisconsin, which surrounds Lac Courte Oreilles... - Fond du LacFond du Lac Band of Lake Superior ChippewaFond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is an Anishinaabe band located near Cloquet, Minnesota. Their land-base is the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation , located mainly in Carlton and St...
- Grand Portage
- OntonagonL'Anse Indian ReservationThe L'Anse Indian Reservation is the land base of the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of the Lake Superior Bands of Chippewa Indians . It is located primarily in two non-contiguous sections on either side of the Keweenaw Bay in Baraga County in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan...
and Red Cliff
along with general land grants to the Metis.
Mole Lake
Sokaogon Chippewa Community
The Sokaogon Chippewa Community, or the Mole Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, is a band of the Lake Superior Chippewa, many of whom reside on the Mole Lake Indian Reservation, an Indian reservation located at in Mole Lake, Wisconsin, in Forest County near Crandon.The Mole Lake Indian...
and St. Croix
St. Croix Chippewa Indians
The St. Croix Chippewa Indians are a historical Band of Ojibwe located along the St. Croix River, which forms the boundary between the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Majority of the St. Croix Band are divided into two groups: the Federally recognized St...
Bands lost their federal recognition due to not being included in this treaty. Mole Lake Band and St. Croix Band's eastern half in Wisconsin re-gained their federal recognition under the Indian Reorganization Act
Indian Reorganization Act
The Indian Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934 the Indian New Deal, was U.S. federal legislation that secured certain rights to Native Americans, including Alaska Natives...
of 1934, but the St. Croix Band's western half in Minnesota are not independently recognized and are considered part of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
Mille Lacs Indian Reservation
Mille Lacs Indian Reservation is the land-base for the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe in Central Minnesota, about 100 miles north of Minneapolis-St. Paul...
.
Signatories
The Ojibwe treaty signatories were:| # | Location | Recorded Name | Name (Translation/"Alias") | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | La Pointe Band | Ke-che-waish-ke | Gichi-weshkiinh (Great-renewer/"Buffalo") | 1st chief |
| 2 | La Pointe Band | Chay-che-que-oh | 2d chief | |
| 3 | La Pointe Band | A-daw-we-ge-zhick | Edawi-giizhig (Each Side of the sky) | 2d chief |
| 4 | La Pointe Band | O-ske-naw-way | Oshkinawe (Youth) | 2d chief |
| 5 | La Pointe Band | Maw-caw-day-pe-nay-se | Makade-binesi (Black Bird) | 2d chief |
| 6 | La Pointe Band | Naw-waw-naw-quot | Naawaanakwad (Middle of the Cloud) | headman |
| 7 | La Pointe Band | Ke-wain-zeence | Akiwenziins (Old Man) | headman |
| 8 | La Pointe Band | Waw-baw-ne-me-ke | Waabanimikii (White Thunderer) | 2d chief |
| 9 | La Pointe Band | Pay-baw-me-say | Bebaamise (Soarer) | 2d chief |
| 10 | La Pointe Band | Naw-waw-ge-waw-nose | Naawajiwanose (Walks through the Middle of the Current) | 2d chief |
| 11 | La Pointe Band | Maw-caw-day-waw-quot | Makade-anaakwad (Black Cloud) | 2d chief |
| 12 | La Pointe Band | Me-she-naw-way | Mizhinawe (Disciple) | 2d chief |
| 13 | La Pointe Band | Key-me-waw-naw-um | Gimiwana'am (Canoes in the Rain) | headman |
| 14 | La Pointe Band | She-gog | Zhigaag (Skunk) | headman |
| 15 | Ontonagon Band | O-cun-de-cun | Okandikan (Buoy) | 1st chief |
| 16 | Ontonagon Band | Waw-say-ge-zhick | Waase-giizhig (Clear Sky) | 2d chief |
| 17 | Ontonagon Band | Keesh-ke-taw-wug | Giishkitawag (Cut Ear) | headman |
| 18 | L'Anse Band | David King David King David or Dave King may refer to:In sports:*David King , Australian rules footballer for the Kangaroos Football Club*Dave King , Scottish businessman, Rangers F.C... |
1st chief | |
| 19 | L'Anse Band | John Southwind | headman | |
| 20 | L'Anse Band | Peter Marksman Peter Marksman Peter Marksman was a Native American Methodist minister, active in Michigan among the Potawatomi Indians. He was member of the L'Anse Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. His Indian name was Ma-dwa-gwun-a-yaush, from the Ojibwe Madwegwaneyaash, meaning "[Arrow]-Freathers Are Heard in the Breeze,"... |
headman | |
| 21 | L'Anse Band | Naw-taw-me-ge-zhick | Netamigiizhig (First Sky) | 2d chief |
| 22 | L'Anse Band | Aw-se-neece | Asiniins (Little Rock) | headman |
| 23 | Lac Vieux Desert Band | May-dway-aw-she | Medweyaashi (Sound by the Wind) | 1st chief |
| 24 | Lac Vieux Desert Band | Posh-quay-gin | Bashkwegin (Leather) | 2d chief |
| 25 | Grand Portage Band | Shaw-gaw-naw-sheence | Zhaaganaashiins (Little Englishman) | 1st chief |
| 26 | Grand Portage Band | May-mosh-caw-wosh | Memashkawaash (Strong Wind) | headman |
| 27 | Grand Portage Band | Aw-de-konse | Adikoons (Little Reindeer) | 2d chief |
| 28 | Grand Portage Band | Way-we-ge-wam | headman | |
| 29 | Fond du Lac Band | Shing-goope | Zhingob (Balsam) | 1st chief |
| 30 | Fond du Lac Band | Mawn-go-sit | Maangozid (Loon's Foot) | 2d chief |
| 31 | Fond du Lac Band | May-quaw-me-we-ge-zhick | Mekwamiiwi-giizhig (Icy Day) | headman |
| 32 | Fond du Lac Band | Keesh-kawk | headman | |
| 33 | Fond du Lac Band | Caw-taw-waw-be-day | Gaa-dawaabide (Cracked Tooth/"Broken Tooth") | headman |
| 34 | Fond du Lac Band | O-saw-gee | Ozaagii (Sauk) | headman |
| 35 | Fond du Lac Band | Ke-che-aw-ke-wain-ze | Gichi-akiwenzii (Big Old Man) | headman |
| 36 | Fond du Lac Band | Naw-gaw-nub | Naagaanab (Foremost Sitter) | 2d chief |
| 37 | Fond du Lac Band | Ain-ne-maw-sung | Enimaasing (Sails Away) | 2d chief |
| 38 | Fond du Lac Band | Naw-aw-bun-way | headman | |
| 39 | Fond du Lac Band | Wain-ge-maw-tub | Wenji-maadab (Where He Moves From Sitting) | headman |
| 40 | Fond du Lac Band | Aw-ke-wain-zeence | Akiwenziins (Little Old Man) | headman |
| 41 | Fond du Lac Band | Shay-way-be-nay-se | headman | |
| 42 | Fond du Lac Band | Paw-pe-oh | Baabii'o (Awaits) | headman |
| 43 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Aw-ke-wain-ze | Akiwenzii (Old Man) | 1st chief |
| 44 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Key-no-zhance | Ginoozhens (Little Jack Fish) | 1st chief |
| 45 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Key-che-pe-nay-se | Gichi-binesi (Big Bird) | 2d chief |
| 46 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Ke-che-waw-be-shay-she | Gichi-waabizheshi (Big Marten) | 2d chief |
| 47 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Waw-be-shay-sheence | Waabizheshiins (Little Marten) | headman |
| 48 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Quay-quay-cub | Gwekwekab (Turns Around Sitting) | headman |
| 49 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Shaw-waw-no-me-tay | Zhaawano-mide (Southern Medicine) | headman |
| 50 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Nay-naw-ong-gay-be | Nenaa'angebi (Dressing Bird) Beautifying Bird Chief Beautifying Bird or Dressing Bird , was a principal chief of the Prairie Rice Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewas, originally located near Rice Lake, Wisconsin... |
1st chief |
| 51 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | O-zhaw-waw-sco-ge-zhick | Ozhaawashko-giizhig (Blue Sky) | 2d chief |
| 52 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | I-yaw-banse | Ayaabens (Little Buck) | 2d chief |
| 53 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Ke-che-e-nin-ne | Gichi-inini (Big Man) | headman |
| 54 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Haw-daw-gaw-me | Naadagaame (Paddle to Shore) | headman |
| 55 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Way-me-te-go-she | Wemitigoozhi (Frenchman) | headman |
| 56 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Pay-me-ge-wung | Bemijiwang (Swift Current) | headman |
| 57 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Aw-mo-se | Aamoons (Wasp) | 1st chief |
| 58 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Ke-nish-te-no | Ginishtinoo (Cree) | 2d chief |
| 59 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Me-gee-see | Migizi (Eagle) | 2d chief |
| 60 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Kay-kay-co-gwaw-nay-aw-she | headman | |
| 61 | Lac du Flambeau Band | O-che-chog | Ojichaag (Soul) | headman |
| 62 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Nay-she-kay-gwaw-nay-be | Nezhikegwanebi (Lone Wing-feather) | headman |
| 63 | Lac du Flambeau Band | O-scaw-bay-wis | Oshkaabewis (Waiter) | 1st chief |
| 64 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Que-we-zance | Gwiiwizens (White Fish) | 2d chief |
| 65 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Ne-gig | Nigig (Otter) | 2d chief |
| 66 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Nay-waw-che-ge-ghick-may-be | headman | |
| 67 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Quay-quay-ke-cah | Gwekwekikaa (Keeps Turning) | headman |
| 68 | Bois Forte Band | Kay-baish-caw-daw-way | (Clear Round the Prairie) | 1st chief |
| 69 | Bois Forte Band | Way-zaw-we-ge-zhick-way-sking | headman | |
| 70 | Bois Forte Band | O-saw-we-pe-nay-she | Ozaawi-bineshiinh (Yellow Bird) | headman |
| 71 | Mississippi Bands | Que-we-san-se | Gwiiwizensi (Boy/"Hole in the Day") | head chief |
| 72 | Mississippi Bands | Caw-nawn-daw-waw-win-zo | Gaa-nandawaawinzo (Ripe-Berry Hunter) | 1st chief |
| 73 | Mississippi Bands | Waw-bow-jieg | Waabojiig (White Fisher) | 2d chief |
| 74 | Mississippi Bands | Ot-taw-waw | Odaawaa (Ottawa) | 2d chief |
| 75 | Mississippi Bands | Que-we-zhan-cis | Gwiiwizhenzhish (Bad Boy) | 2d chief |
| 76 | Mississippi Bands | Bye-a-jick | Bayezhig (Lone Man) | 2d chief |
| 77 | Mississippi Bands | I-yaw-shaw-way-ge-zhick | Ayaazhawi-giizhig (Crossing Sky) | 2d chief |
| 78 | Mississippi Bands | Maw-caw-day | Makode' (Bear's Heart) | 2d chief |
| 79 | Mississippi Bands | Ke-way-de-no-go-nay-be | Giiwedinogwanebi (Northern Feather) | 2d chief |
| 80 | Mississippi Bands | Me-squaw-dace | Miskwaadesi (Painted Turtle) | headman |
| 81 | Mississippi Bands | Naw-gaw-ne-gaw-bo | Naagaanigaabaw (Standing Ahead) | headman |
| 82 | Mississippi Bands | Wawm-be-de-yea | headman | |
| 83 | Mississippi Bands | Waish-key | Weshki (New One) | headman |
| 84 | Mississippi Bands | Caw-way-caw-me-ge-skung | Gaawekamigishkaang (Return Through the Ground) | headman |
| 85 | Mississippi Bands | My-yaw-ge-way-we-dun | Mayaajiiwewidang (One who carries the Voice) | 2d chief |