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USS Haraden (DD-585)
Encyclopedia
USS Haraden (DD-585), a Fletcher-class
destroyer
, was the second ship of the United States Navy
to be named for Jonathan Haraden
(1744–1803), a privateer
of the American Revolutionary War
.
The second Haraden was launched
by Boston Navy Yard
, Boston, Mass., 19 March 1943; sponsored by Miss Caroline E. Derby, great-great-grandniece of Captain Jonathan Haraden; and commissioned
at Boston 16 September 1943, Commander H. C. Allen, Jr., in command.
, and after its completion joined aircraft carrier
Intrepid
(CV-11) at Boston 30 November for the voyage to the Pacific
. She transited the Panama Canal
and arrived San Diego 21 December to join Rear Admiral Jesse Oldendorf's Northern Support Group for the invasion of the Marshall Islands.
Escorting the main attack group of transports, Haraden arrived in the Marshalls
30 January, and was detached to form a screen for the battleship
s and cruiser
s during the heavy bombardments of Kwajalein
atoll on 31 January. As troops landed under the devastating fire on Ennubir Island, Haraden shifted to direct fire support, turning her guns on an ammunition dump on Ennagannet Island that soon blew up with a tremendous explosion. That night she conducted anti-submarine
patrol and 1 February continued fire support and patrol functions during the landings on Roi-Namur
. The destroyer departed the Kwajalein area briefly for an escort voyage to the Ellice Islands 6–15 February, but returned to provide anti-submarine patrol for units off Kwajalein and Eniwetok until 29 February.
Haraden arrived Pearl Harbor
8 March 1944, and after a brief period of upkeep steamed back to the Marshalls with two fleet oilers carrying vital fuel. Arriving 1 April, she engaged in various duties in support of the operations there, including fire support and anti-submarine patrol, until departing for Pearl Harbor with escort carrier
Bataan
(CVL-29) 18 May. At Pearl Harbor Haraden was reassigned to escort carriers Natoma Bay
(CVE-62) and Manila Bay
(CVE-61) and repair ship Hector
(AR-7) for the next major operation in the epic sweep through the Pacific—the Mariana Islands campaign
.
Arriving east of Saipan
22 June 1944, Haraden screened her escort carriers during the launching of aircraft 22–24 June; while refueling alongside Natoma Bay she narrowly missed being sunk by four aerial bombs in a surprise attack. Two bombs fell some 200 yards to port and two astern. Haraden returned to Pearl Harbor, arriving 8 July. Until 15 September she participated in training exercises and maneuvers in Hawaii
an waters in preparation for the invasion of the Philippines
.
Haraden arrived Seeadler Harbor
, Manus
, Admiralty Islands
, 2 October 1944, and 12 days later departed as an escort unit for the large group of transports carrying invasion forces. They arrived off Leyte 20 October and Haraden began a long and grueling job of covering the transports during and after the main assault. Japan
ese airplanes began almost continuous raids on the landing group the afternoon of 20 October, with Haraden acting as part of the antiaircraft screen, protecting the transports with her gunfire.
The afternoon of 26 October Haraden formed with an escort carrier group in Leyte Gulf
and steamed for Manus, arriving Seeadler Harbor 1 November 1944. Remaining there until 12 November, the ships sailed to Palau
, arriving the 18th, and from there provided air support to convoys bound to and from the Philippines until 28 November. The carrier force, with Haraden in the screen, departed 10 December for the Sulu Sea
, en route to the invasion of Mindoro
.
Haraden and the escort carriers entered the Sulu Sea 13 December, and were attacked that day by four Japanese aircraft. Haraden assisted in downing three of the raiders, but the fourth banked left and dived for the destroyer. Trailing smoke from hits by Haradens gunners, she crashed into the destroyer's side, putting her forward engine room out of commission and severely damaging her topside. As Haraden lay dead in the water, Twiggs
(DD-591) came alongside to help and the destroyer was soon underway on her own power. She arrived at San Pedro Bay
14 December 1944 and transferred her casualties—14 killed and 24 wounded. Steaming on toward the United States via Hawaii, she arrived at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Wash.
, 14 January 1945 for battle repairs.
Repairs and training completed, Haraden departed again for the Pacific 19 April from San Francisco, arriving Pearl Harbor 25 April. She performed escort duties for amphibious convoys in the Western Pacific until 6 July, when she commenced a series of training exercises off Subic Bay
, Philippine Islands.
Haraden next participated in the operations off the China
coast following the surrender of Japan. She got underway 28 August with units of the 7th Fleet and made a show of force at Tsingtao
and along the China coast to help stabilize the tense situation there. She arrived at Jinsen, Korea
, 8 September and after another voyage down the coast of China and back, departed Jinsen with the North China occupation forces 29 September. She stood by to support the amphibious landings of occupation forces off Taku Bay 30 September – 6 October, and visited Chefoo, Shanghai
, Taku
, and Tsingtao in support of the occupation. Underway from Tsingtao 13 December 1945, she steamed by way of Pearl Harbor to San Francisco, arriving 3 January 1946. Later moved to San Diego, she remained inactive until decommissioned there 2 July 1946. Haraden entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet, San Diego Group.
Haraden was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register
1 November 1972.
She was sunk as a target November 1973.
Haraden received five battle stars for her service in World War II
.
Fletcher class destroyer
The Fletcher class were a class of destroyers built by the United States during World War II. The class was designed in 1939 as a result of dissatisfaction with the earlier destroyer leader types...
destroyer
Destroyer
In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller, powerful, short-range attackers. Destroyers, originally called torpedo-boat destroyers in 1892, evolved from...
, was the second ship of the United States Navy
United States Navy
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...
to be named for Jonathan Haraden
Jonathan Haraden
Jonathan Haraden was a privateer during the American Revolution.-Biography:Born in Gloucester, Massachusetts, Haraden joined the Massachusetts State Navy in July 1776 as First Lieutenant of the sloop-of-war Tyrannicide, fourteen guns...
(1744–1803), a privateer
Privateer
A privateer is a private person or ship authorized by a government by letters of marque to attack foreign shipping during wartime. Privateering was a way of mobilizing armed ships and sailors without having to spend public money or commit naval officers...
of the American Revolutionary War
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...
.
The second Haraden was launched
Ship naming and launching
The ceremonies involved in naming and launching naval ships are based in traditions thousands of years old.-Methods of launch:There are three principal methods of conveying a new ship from building site to water, only two of which are called "launching." The oldest, most familiar, and most widely...
by Boston Navy Yard
Boston Navy Yard
The Boston Navy Yard, originally called the Charlestown Navy Yard and later Boston Naval Shipyard, was one of the oldest shipbuilding facilities in the United States Navy. Established in 1801, it was officially closed as an active naval installation on July 1, 1974, and the property was...
, Boston, Mass., 19 March 1943; sponsored by Miss Caroline E. Derby, great-great-grandniece of Captain Jonathan Haraden; and commissioned
Ship commissioning
Ship commissioning is the act or ceremony of placing a ship in active service, and may be regarded as a particular application of the general concepts and practices of project commissioning. The term is most commonly applied to the placing of a warship in active duty with its country's military...
at Boston 16 September 1943, Commander H. C. Allen, Jr., in command.
History
Haraden departed Boston 9 October 1943 for shakedown training off BermudaBermuda
Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...
, and after its completion joined aircraft carrier
Aircraft carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship designed with a primary mission of deploying and recovering aircraft, acting as a seagoing airbase. Aircraft carriers thus allow a naval force to project air power worldwide without having to depend on local bases for staging aircraft operations...
Intrepid
USS Intrepid (CV-11)
USS Intrepid , also known as The Fighting "I", is one of 24 s built during World War II for the United States Navy. She is the fourth US Navy ship to bear the name. Commissioned in August 1943, Intrepid participated in several campaigns in the Pacific Theater of Operations, most notably the Battle...
(CV-11) at Boston 30 November for the voyage to the Pacific
Pacific Theater of Operations
The Pacific Theater of Operations was the World War II area of military activity in the Pacific Ocean and the countries bordering it, a geographic scope that reflected the operational and administrative command structures of the American forces during that period...
. She transited the Panama Canal
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal is a ship canal in Panama that joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and is a key conduit for international maritime trade. Built from 1904 to 1914, the canal has seen annual traffic rise from about 1,000 ships early on to 14,702 vessels measuring a total of 309.6...
and arrived San Diego 21 December to join Rear Admiral Jesse Oldendorf's Northern Support Group for the invasion of the Marshall Islands.
Escorting the main attack group of transports, Haraden arrived in the Marshalls
Marshall Islands
The Republic of the Marshall Islands , , is a Micronesian nation of atolls and islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line and just north of the Equator. As of July 2011 the population was 67,182...
30 January, and was detached to form a screen for the battleship
Battleship
A battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of heavy caliber guns. Battleships were larger, better armed and armored than cruisers and destroyers. As the largest armed ships in a fleet, battleships were used to attain command of the sea and represented the apex of a...
s and cruiser
Cruiser
A cruiser is a type of warship. The term has been in use for several hundreds of years, and has had different meanings throughout this period...
s during the heavy bombardments of Kwajalein
Kwajalein
Kwajalein Atoll , is part of the Republic of the Marshall Islands . The southernmost and largest island in the atoll is named Kwajalein Island. English-speaking residents of the U.S...
atoll on 31 January. As troops landed under the devastating fire on Ennubir Island, Haraden shifted to direct fire support, turning her guns on an ammunition dump on Ennagannet Island that soon blew up with a tremendous explosion. That night she conducted anti-submarine
Submarine
A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the surface of the water. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability...
patrol and 1 February continued fire support and patrol functions during the landings on Roi-Namur
Roi-Namur
Roi-Namur is an island in the northern part of the Kwajalein atoll in the Marshall Islands.Occupied by Japanese forces prior to World War II, it was the target of the U.S. 4th Marine Division in the Battle of Kwajalein, in February 1944....
. The destroyer departed the Kwajalein area briefly for an escort voyage to the Ellice Islands 6–15 February, but returned to provide anti-submarine patrol for units off Kwajalein and Eniwetok until 29 February.
Haraden arrived Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor, known to Hawaiians as Puuloa, is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet...
8 March 1944, and after a brief period of upkeep steamed back to the Marshalls with two fleet oilers carrying vital fuel. Arriving 1 April, she engaged in various duties in support of the operations there, including fire support and anti-submarine patrol, until departing for Pearl Harbor with escort carrier
Escort aircraft carrier
The escort aircraft carrier or escort carrier, also called a "jeep carrier" or "baby flattop" in the USN or "Woolworth Carrier" by the Royal Navy, was a small and slow type of aircraft carrier used by the British Royal Navy , the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army Air Force, and the...
Bataan
USS Bataan (CVL-29)
USS Bataan , originally planned as USS Buffalo and also classified as CV-29, was an 11,000 ton Independence class light aircraft carrier which was commissioned in the United States Navy during World War II....
(CVL-29) 18 May. At Pearl Harbor Haraden was reassigned to escort carriers Natoma Bay
USS Natoma Bay (CVE-62)
USS Natoma Bay was an Casablanca class escort carrier of the United States Navy.She was laid down as Begum , on 17 January 1943, by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Co., Inc., Vancouver, Washington, under Maritime Commission contract, named Natoma Bay on 22 January 1943; launched on 20 July 1943; sponsored...
(CVE-62) and Manila Bay
USS Manila Bay (CVE-61)
USS Manila Bay was a Casablanca class escort carrier of the United States Navy.She was laid down as Bucareli Bay under Maritime Commission contract by Kaiser Company, Inc., Vancouver, Washington on 15 January 1943; renamed Manila Bay on 3 April 1943; launched on 10 July 1943; sponsored by Mrs....
(CVE-61) and repair ship Hector
USS Hector (AR-7)
The USS Hector was a repair ship that served in the United States Navy from 1944 to 1987.-World War II:Hector was launched 11 November 1942 by the Los Angeles Shipbuilding & Drydock Company and sponsored by Mrs. Schuyler F. Helm. Hector was commissioned 7 February 1944, with Commander J. W...
(AR-7) for the next major operation in the epic sweep through the Pacific—the Mariana Islands campaign
Mariana and Palau Islands campaign
The Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, also known as Operation Forager, was an offensive launched by United States forces against Imperial Japanese forces in the Mariana Islands and Palau in the Pacific Ocean between June and November, 1944 during the Pacific War...
.
Arriving east of Saipan
Saipan
Saipan is the largest island of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , a chain of 15 tropical islands belonging to the Marianas archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean with a total area of . The 2000 census population was 62,392...
22 June 1944, Haraden screened her escort carriers during the launching of aircraft 22–24 June; while refueling alongside Natoma Bay she narrowly missed being sunk by four aerial bombs in a surprise attack. Two bombs fell some 200 yards to port and two astern. Haraden returned to Pearl Harbor, arriving 8 July. Until 15 September she participated in training exercises and maneuvers in Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...
an waters in preparation for the invasion of the Philippines
Philippines campaign
Philippines campaign may refer to various military campaigns that have been fought in the Philippine Islands, including:-Spanish colonial period :...
.
Haraden arrived Seeadler Harbor
Seeadler Harbor
Seeadler Harbor, also known as Port Seeadler, is located on Manus Island, Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea and played an important role in World War II...
, Manus
Manus Island
Manus Island is part of Manus Province in northern Papua New Guinea and is the largest island of the Admiralty Islands. It is the fifth largest island in Papua New Guinea with an area of 2,100 km², measuring around 100 km × 30 km. According to the 2000 census, Manus Island had a...
, Admiralty Islands
Admiralty Islands
The Admiralty Islands are a group of eighteen islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea in the south Pacific Ocean. These are also sometimes called the Manus Islands, after the largest island. These rainforest-covered islands form part of Manus Province, the smallest and...
, 2 October 1944, and 12 days later departed as an escort unit for the large group of transports carrying invasion forces. They arrived off Leyte 20 October and Haraden began a long and grueling job of covering the transports during and after the main assault. Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
ese airplanes began almost continuous raids on the landing group the afternoon of 20 October, with Haraden acting as part of the antiaircraft screen, protecting the transports with her gunfire.
The afternoon of 26 October Haraden formed with an escort carrier group in Leyte Gulf
Leyte Gulf
Leyte Gulf is a body of water immediately east of the island of Leyte in the Philippines, adjoining the Philippine Sea of the Pacific Ocean, at . The Gulf is bounded on the north by the island of Samar, which is separated from Leyte on the west by the narrow San Juanico Strait, and on the south by...
and steamed for Manus, arriving Seeadler Harbor 1 November 1944. Remaining there until 12 November, the ships sailed to Palau
Palau
Palau , officially the Republic of Palau , is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Philippines and south of Tokyo. In 1978, after three decades as being part of the United Nations trusteeship, Palau chose independence instead of becoming part of the Federated States of Micronesia, a...
, arriving the 18th, and from there provided air support to convoys bound to and from the Philippines until 28 November. The carrier force, with Haraden in the screen, departed 10 December for the Sulu Sea
Sulu Sea
The Sulu Sea is a body of water in the southwestern area of the Philippines, separated from the South China Sea in the northwest by Palawan and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipelago. Borneo is found to the southwest and Visayas to the northeast.Sulu Sea contains a number of...
, en route to the invasion of Mindoro
Mindoro
Mindoro is the seventh-largest island in the Philippines. It is located off the coast of Luzon, and northeast of Palawan. The southern coast of Mindoro forms the northeastern extremum of the Sulu Sea.-History:...
.
Haraden and the escort carriers entered the Sulu Sea 13 December, and were attacked that day by four Japanese aircraft. Haraden assisted in downing three of the raiders, but the fourth banked left and dived for the destroyer. Trailing smoke from hits by Haradens gunners, she crashed into the destroyer's side, putting her forward engine room out of commission and severely damaging her topside. As Haraden lay dead in the water, Twiggs
USS Twiggs (DD-591)
USS Twiggs , a Fletcher-class destroyer, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Marine Major Levi Twiggs ....
(DD-591) came alongside to help and the destroyer was soon underway on her own power. She arrived at San Pedro Bay
San Pedro Bay (Philippines)
San Pedro Bay is a bay in the Philippines, at the northwest end of Leyte Gulf, about 15 km east-west and 20 km north-south. The bay is bounded on the north and east by Samar and on the east by Leyte Island. It is connected by San Juanico Strait to Carigara Bay of the Samar Sea. The...
14 December 1944 and transferred her casualties—14 killed and 24 wounded. Steaming on toward the United States via Hawaii, she arrived at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Wash.
Bremerton, Washington
Bremerton is a city in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. The population was 38,790 at the 2011 State Estimate, making it the largest city on the Olympic Peninsula. Bremerton is home to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and the Bremerton Annex of Naval Base Kitsap...
, 14 January 1945 for battle repairs.
Repairs and training completed, Haraden departed again for the Pacific 19 April from San Francisco, arriving Pearl Harbor 25 April. She performed escort duties for amphibious convoys in the Western Pacific until 6 July, when she commenced a series of training exercises off Subic Bay
Subic Bay
Subic Bay is a bay forming part of Luzon Sea on the west coast of the island of Luzon in Zambales, Philippines, about 100 kilometers northwest of Manila Bay. Its shores were formerly the site of a major United States Navy facility named U.S...
, Philippine Islands.
Haraden next participated in the operations off the China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
coast following the surrender of Japan. She got underway 28 August with units of the 7th Fleet and made a show of force at Tsingtao
Qingdao
' also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.It borders Yantai to the...
and along the China coast to help stabilize the tense situation there. She arrived at Jinsen, Korea
Korea
Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
, 8 September and after another voyage down the coast of China and back, departed Jinsen with the North China occupation forces 29 September. She stood by to support the amphibious landings of occupation forces off Taku Bay 30 September – 6 October, and visited Chefoo, Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, Taku
Taku Forts
The Dagu Forts , also called the Peiho Forts are forts located by the Hai River estuary, in Tanggu District, Tianjin municipality, in northeastern China. They are located 60 km southeast of the Tianjin urban center.-History:The first fort was built during the reign of the Ming Jiajing...
, and Tsingtao in support of the occupation. Underway from Tsingtao 13 December 1945, she steamed by way of Pearl Harbor to San Francisco, arriving 3 January 1946. Later moved to San Diego, she remained inactive until decommissioned there 2 July 1946. Haraden entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet, San Diego Group.
Haraden was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register
Naval Vessel Register
The Naval Vessel Register is the official inventory of ships and service craft in custody of or titled by the United States Navy. It contains information on ships and service craft that make up the official inventory of the Navy from the time a vessel is authorized through its life cycle and...
1 November 1972.
She was sunk as a target November 1973.
Haraden received five battle stars for her service in World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.