Universal Decimal Classification - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Universal Decimal Classification is a system of library classification

Library classification

A library classification is a system of coding and organizing documents or library materials according to their subject and allocating a call number to that information resource...

developed by the Belgian

Belgium

Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...

bibliographers Paul Otlet

Paul Otlet

Paul Marie Ghislain Otlet was an author, entrepreneur, visionary, lawyer and peace activist; he is one of several people who have been considered the father of information science, a field he called "documentation". Otlet created the Universal Decimal Classification, one of the most prominent...

and Henri La Fontaine

Henri La Fontaine

Henri La Fontaine , was a Belgian international lawyer and president of the International Peace Bureau. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1913.-Biography:...

at the end of the 19th century. It is based on the Dewey Decimal Classification

Dewey Decimal Classification

Dewey Decimal Classification, is a proprietary system of library classification developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876.It has been greatly modified and expanded through 23 major revisions, the most recent in 2011...

, but uses auxiliary signs to indicate various special aspects of a subject and relationships between subjects. It thus contains a significant faceted

Faceted classification

A faceted classification system allows the assignment of multiple classifications to an object, enabling the classifications to be ordered in multiple ways, rather than in a single, predetermined, taxonomic order. A facet comprises "clearly defined, mutually exclusive, and collectively exhaustive...

or analytico-synthetic element, and is used especially in specialist libraries. UDC has been modified and extended through the years to cope with the increasing output in all disciplines of human knowledge, and is still under continuous review to take account of new developments.

The documents classified by UDC may be in any form. They will often be literature

Literature

Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources...

, i.e. written documents, but may also be in other media such as film

Film

A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...

s, video

Video

Video is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion.- History :...

and sound

Sound

Sound is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a level sufficiently strong to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations.-Propagation of...

recordings, illustration

Illustration

An illustration is a displayed visualization form presented as a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art that is created to elucidate or dictate sensual information by providing a visual representation graphically.- Early history :The earliest forms of illustration were prehistoric...

s, map

Map

A map is a visual representation of an area—a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as objects, regions, and themes....

s, and realia

Realia (library science)

In library classification systems, the term realia refers to three-dimensional objects from real life such as coins, tools, and textiles, that do not easily fit into the orderly categories of printed material...

such as museum

Museum

A museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities...

pieces.

UDC classifications use Arabic numerals

Arabic numerals

Arabic numerals or Hindu numerals or Hindu-Arabic numerals or Indo-Arabic numerals are the ten digits . They are descended from the Hindu-Arabic numeral system developed by Indian mathematicians, in which a sequence of digits such as "975" is read as a numeral...

and are based on the decimal system

Decimal system

Decimal system may refer to:* The decimal number system, used in mathematics for writing numbers and performing arithmetic.* The Dewey Decimal System, a subject classification system used in libraries....

. Every number is thought of as a decimal fraction with the initial decimal point omitted, which determines filing order. For ease of reading, a UDC identifier is usually punctuated after every third digit. Thus, after 61 "Medical

Medicine

Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....

sciences" come the subdivisions 611 to 619; under 611 "Anatomy

Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy , and plant anatomy...

" come its subdivisions 611.1 to 611.9; under 611.1 come all of its subdivisions before 611.2 occurs, and so on; after 619 comes 620. An advantage of this system is that it is infinitely extensible, and when new subdivisions are introduced, they need not disturb the existing allocation of numbers.

A document may be classified under a combination of different categories through the use of additional symbols. For example:

Symbol	Symbol name	Meaning	Example
+	plus Plus and minus signs The plus and minus signs are mathematical symbols used to represent the notions of positive and negative as well as the operations of addition and subtraction. Their use has been extended to many other meanings, more or less analogous...	addition	e.g. 59+636 zoology Zoology Zoology \|zoölogy]]), is the branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct... and animal breeding Animal breeding Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation of the genetic value of domestic livestock...
/	stroke Slash (punctuation) The slash is a sign used as a punctuation mark and for various other purposes. It is now often called a forward slash , and many other alternative names.-History:...	extension	e.g. 592/599 Systematic zoology (everything from 592 to 599 inclusive)
:	colon Colon (punctuation) The colon is a punctuation mark consisting of two equally sized dots centered on the same vertical line.-Usage:A colon informs the reader that what follows the mark proves, explains, or lists elements of what preceded the mark....	relation	e.g. 17:7 Relation of ethics Ethics Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality—that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime, etc.Major branches of ethics include:... to art Art Art is the product or process of deliberately arranging items in a way that influences and affects one or more of the senses, emotions, and intellect....
[ ]	square bracket Bracket Brackets are tall punctuation marks used in matched pairs within text, to set apart or interject other text. In the United States, "bracket" usually refers specifically to the "square" or "box" type.-List of types:... s	algebraic subgrouping	e.g. 311:[622+669](485) statistics Statistics Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.... of mining Mining Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock... and metallurgy Metallurgy Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. It is also the technology of metals: the way in which science is applied to their practical use... in Sweden Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.... (the auxiliary qualifies 622+669 considered as a unit)
=	equals	language Language Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication...	e.g. =111 in English English language English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria... ; 59=111 Zoology, in English

The design of UDC lends itself to machine readability, and the system has been used both with early automatic mechanical sorting devices, and modern library OPAC

OPAC

An Online Public Access Catalog is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries...

s. A core version of UDC, with 65,000 subdivisions, is now available in database

Database

A database is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality , in a way that supports processes requiring this information...

format, and is called the Master Reference File (MRF). The current full version of the UDC has 220,000 subdivisions.

0 Generalities

000 Computer science, knowledge & systems
001 Science and knowledge in general. Organization of intellectual work
002 Documentation. Books. Writings. Authorship
003 Writing systems and scripts. Including: signs and symbols
004 Computer science and technology. Computing
004.2 Computer architecture
004.3 Computer hardware
004.4 Software
004.5 Human-computer interaction
004.6 Data
004.7 Computer communication
004.8 Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its...

004.9 Application-oriented computer-based techniques
005 Management (Revision from 2001)
005.1 Management Theory
005.2 Management agents. Mechanisms. Measures
005.3 Management activities
005.32 Organizational behaviour. Management psychology
005.5 Management operations. Direction
005.6 Quality management. Total quality management (TQM)
005.7 Organizational management (OM)
005.9 Fields of management
005.92 Records management
005.93 Plant management. Physical resources management
005.94 Knowledge management

Knowledge management

Knowledge management comprises a range of strategies and practices used in an organization to identify, create, represent, distribute, and enable adoption of insights and experiences...

005.95/.96 Personnel management. Human Resources management
006 Standardization of products, operations, weights, measures and time
007 Activity and organizing. Information. Communication and control theory generally (cybernetics)
008 Civilization. Culture. Progress
009 Humanities. Arts subjects in general
010 Bibliographies
020 Library and information sciences
030 Encyclopedias & books of facts
040 [Unassigned]
050 Magazines, journals, periodicals & serials
060 Associations and organizations & museums
070 News media, journalism, Mass media & publishing
080 Quotations
090 Manuscripts & rare books

1 Philosophy. Psychology

100 Philosophy
110 Metaphysics
120 Epistemology
130 Parapsychology & ism
140 Philosophical schools of thought
159.9 Psychology
159.91 Psychophysiology (physiological psychology). Mental physiology
159.92 Mental development and capacity. Comparative psychology
159.93 Sensation. Sensory perception
159.94 Executive functions
159.95 Higher mental processes
159.96 Special mental states and processes
159.97 Abnormal psychology. Insanity. Mental deficiency
159.98 Applied psychology
160 Logic
170 Ethics
180 Ancient, medieval & eastern philosophy
190 Modern western philosophy

2 Religion. Theology

200 Religion
21 Prehistoric and primitive religions
22 Religions of the Far East
221 Religions of China
221.3 Taoism
223 Religions of Korea
225 Religions of Japan
23 Religions of the Indian subcontinent
233 Hinduism narrowly
234 Jainism
235 Sikhism
24 Buddhism
241 Hinayana (Theravada) Buddhism
242 Mahayana Buddhism
243 Lamaism
244 Japanese Buddhism
25 Religions of antiquity. Minor cults and religions
252 Religions of Mesopotamia
254 Religions of Iran
257 Religions of Europe
26 Judaism
262 Ashkenazi Judaism
264 Sephardi Judaism
265 Orthodox Judaism
266 Progressive Judaism
267 Modern movements arising from Judaism
27 Christianity
271 Eastern church
272/279 Western church
272 Roman Catholic church

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...

273 Non-Roman Catholic episcopal churches
274 Protestantism generally. Protestants. Dissenters. Puritans
275 Reformed churches
276 Anabaptists
277 Free churches. Non-conformists
278 Other Protestant churches
279 Other Christian movements and churches
28 Islam
282 Sunni. Sunnite Islam
284 Shi'a. Shi'ite Islam
285 Babi-Baha'i
286 Baha'i
29 Modern spiritual movements
210 Philosophy & theory of religion
220 Religions of the Far East
230 Religions of the Indian subcontinent
240 Buddhism
250 Religions of antiquity. Minor cults and religions
260 Judaism
270 Christianity
280 Islam
290 Modern spiritual movements

3 Social Sciences

300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology
310 Statistics
320 Political science
330 Economics
340 Law
350 Public administration & military science
360 Social problems & social services
370 Education
380 Commerce, communications & transportation
390 Customs, etiquette & folklore

5 Mathematics and natural sciences

500 Science
510 Mathematics
510 Fundamental and general consideration of mathematics
511 Number theory
512 Algebra
514 Geometry
515.1 Topology
517 Analysis
519.1 Combinatorial analysis. Graph theory
520 Astronomy
530 Physics
531 General mechanics. Mechanics of solid and rigid bodies
532 Fluid mechanics

Fluid mechanics

Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids and the forces on them. Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest; fluid kinematics, the study of fluids in motion; and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion...

in general. Mechanics of liquids (hydromechanics)
533 Mechanics of gases. Aeromechanics. Plasma physics
534 Vibrations. Acoustics

Acoustics

Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound. A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician while someone working in the field of acoustics...

535 Optics

Optics

Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light...

536 Heat. Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a physical science that studies the effects on material bodies, and on radiation in regions of space, of transfer of heat and of work done on or by the bodies or radiation...

537 Electricity. Magnetism. Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental interactions in nature. The other three are the strong interaction, the weak interaction and gravitation...

539 Physical nature of matter
540 Chemistry
542 Practical laboratory chemistry
543 Analytical chemistry

Analytical chemistry

Analytical chemistry is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials. Qualitative analysis gives an indication of the identity of the chemical species in the sample and quantitative analysis determines the amount of...

544 Physical chemistry

Physical chemistry

Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts...

546 Inorganic chemistry

Inorganic chemistry

Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds , which are the subjects of organic chemistry...

547 Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-based compounds, hydrocarbons, and their derivatives...

548 Crystallography

Crystallography

Crystallography is the experimental science of the arrangement of atoms in solids. The word "crystallography" derives from the Greek words crystallon = cold drop / frozen drop, with its meaning extending to all solids with some degree of transparency, and grapho = write.Before the development of...

550 Earth sciences & geology
560 Fossils & prehistoric life
570 Life sciences; biology
580 Plants (Botany)
590 Animals (Zoology)

6 Applied sciences. Medicine. Technology

600 Technology
610 Medicine & health
611 Medicine
612 Pharmacy
613 Biomedical Sciences
614 Public Health
615 Kinesitherapy - Physical Training
620 Engineering. Technology in general
620 Materials testing. Commercial materials. Power stations. Economics of energy
621 Mechanical engineering in general. Nuclear technology. Electrical engineering. Machinery
621.3 Electrical engineering
622 Mining
623 Military engineering
624 Civil and structural engineering in general
625 Civil engineering and land transport. Railway engineering. Highway engineering
626 Hydraulic engineering in general
627 Natural waterway, port, harbour and shore engineering. Navigational, dredging, salvage and
rescue facilities. Dams and hydraulic power plant
628 Public health engineering. Water. Sanitation. Illuminating engineering
629 Transport vehicle engineering
630 Agriculture
640 Home & family management
650 Management & public relations
660 Chemical engineering
670 Manufacturing
680 Manufacture for specific uses
690 Building & construction

7 The arts. Recreation. Entertainment. Sport

700 Arts
710 Landscaping & area planning
720 Architecture
730 Sculpture, ceramics & metalwork
740 Drawing & decorative arts
750 Painting
760 Graphic arts
770 Photography & computer art
780 Music
790 Sports, games & entertainment

8 Language. Linguistics. Literature

800 General questions. Including: Philology. Rhetoric
810 Linguistics and languages
820 Literature

9 Geography. Biography. History

900 History
910 Geography & travel
920 Biography & genealogy
930 History of ancient world (to ca. 499)
940 History of Europe
950 History of Asia
960 History of Africa
970 History of North America
980 History of South America
990 History of other areas

Table 2 (Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Persons)

-1 Place in general
-2 Physiographic designation
-3 The ancient world
-4 Europe
-41 British Isles (geographical whole)
-410 United Kingdom of Gt Britain and N Ireland
-410.1 England
-410.3 Wales
-410.5 Scotland
-410.7 Northern Ireland
-415 Ireland (geographical whole)
-417 Republic of Ireland
-430 Germany
-436 Austria
-437.1 Czech Republic
-437.6 Slovak Republic
-438 Poland
-439 Hungary
-44 France
-450 Italy
-4549 San Marino
-45634 Vatican City
-4585 Malta
-460 Spain
-469 Portugal
-47 Former European USSR
-470 Russia
-48 Scandinavia
-480 Finland
-481 Norway
-485- Sweden
-489 Denmark
-492 Netherlands
-493 Belgium
-494 Switzerland
-495 Greece
-497 Balkan States
-5 Asia
-6 Africa
-61 Tunisia, Libya
-7 North and Central America
-71 Canada
-72 Mexico
-728 Central America
-729 West Indies
-73 USA
-74 N E States
-75 S E States
-76 S Central States
-77 N Central States
-78 W States
-79 Pacific States
-8 South America
-9 South Pacific and Australia. Arctic. Antarctic

Table 5 (Ethnic and National Groups)

-5 Italians, Romanians, related groups
-591 Romanians
-5994 Ladins
-5998 Sardinians and Corsicans
-59982 Sardinians
-59984 Corsicans

Table 6 (Languages)

-21 English language
-59 Romanian, Rhaetian, Sardinian, Corsican
-5992 Friulian language
-5994 Ladin language
-5996 Romansch language
-59982 Sardinian
-59984 Corsican
-67 Judeo-Spanish (Ladino)
-9455 Sami

External links

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