Library of Congress Classification - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification

Library classification

A library classification is a system of coding and organizing documents or library materials according to their subject and allocating a call number to that information resource...

developed by the Library of Congress

Library of Congress

The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress, de facto national library of the United States, and the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in three buildings in Washington, D.C., it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and...

. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries; for example, Australia and Taiwan, R.O.C.

Republic of China

The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...

It is not to be confused with the Library of Congress Subject Headings

Library of Congress Subject Headings

The Library of Congress Subject Headings comprise a thesaurus of subject headings, maintained by the United States Library of Congress, for use in bibliographic records...

or Library of Congress Control Number

Library of Congress Control Number

The Library of Congress Control Number or LCCN is a serially based system of numbering cataloging records in the Library of Congress in the United States...

. Most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification

Dewey Decimal Classification

Dewey Decimal Classification, is a proprietary system of library classification developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876.It has been greatly modified and expanded through 23 major revisions, the most recent in 2011...

(DDC).

The classification was originally developed by Herbert Putnam

Herbert Putnam

Herbert Putnam was an American lawyer, publisher, and librarian. He was the eighth Librarian of the United States Congress from 1899 to 1939.-Biography:...

in 1897, just before he assumed the librarianship of Congress. With advice from Charles Ammi Cutter

Charles Ammi Cutter

Charles Ammi Cutter is an important figure in the history of American library science.Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Cutter was appointed assistant librarian of Harvard Divinity School while still a student there...

, it was influenced by his Cutter Expansive Classification

Cutter Expansive Classification

The Cutter Expansive Classification system is a library classification system devised by Charles Ammi Cutter. The system was the basis for the top categories of the Library of Congress Classification.-History of the Expansive Classification:...

and by the DDC, and was designed specifically for the purposes and collection of the Library of Congress. The new system replaced a fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom , the third President of the United States and founder of the University of Virginia...

. By the time Putnam departed from his post in 1939, all the classes except K (Law) and parts of B (Philosophy and Religion) were well developed. It has been criticized as lacking a sound theoretical basis; many of the classification decisions were driven by the practical needs of that library, rather than epistemological considerations.

Although it divides subjects into broad categories, it is essentially enumerative in nature. It provides a guide to the books actually in the library, not a classification of the world.

The National Library of Medicine classification

National Library of Medicine classification

The National Library of Medicine classification system is a library indexing system covering the fields of medicine and preclinical basic sciences. The NLM classification is patterned after the Library of Congress Classification system: alphabetical letters denote broad subject categories which...

system (NLM) uses the classification scheme's unused letters W and QS–QZ. Some libraries use NLM in conjunction with LCC, eschewing LCC's R (Medicine). Others prefer to use the LCC scheme's QP-QR schedules and include Medicine R.

The system

Letter	Subject area
A	General Works Library of Congress Classification:Class A -- General Works Class A: General Works is a classification used by the United States Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class A.-AC - Collections. Series...
B	Philosophy, Psychology, and Religion Library of Congress Classification:Class B -- Philosophy, Psychology, Religion Class B: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class B.-B - Philosophy :*69-99..........General works...
C	Auxiliary Sciences of History Library of Congress Classification:Class C -- Auxiliary Sciences of History Class C: Auxiliary Sciences of History is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class C...
D	General and Old World History Library of Congress Classification:Class D -- History, General and Old World Class D: History, General and Old World is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class DDHistory GeneralDAHistory of Great Britain - History of Ireland - History of the British Isles...
E	History of America Library of Congress Classification:Class E -- History of America Class E: History of America is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the structure of Class E.E...
F	History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America
G	Geography, Anthropology, and Recreation Library of Congress Classification:Class G -- Geography. Anthropology. Recreation Class G: Geography, Anthropology, Recreation is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class G.GGeography ; Atlases; MapsGAMathematical geography; Cartography...
H	Social Sciences Library of Congress Classification:Class H -- Social sciences Class H: Social Sciences is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class H.H -- Social sciences HA -- Statistics...
J	Political Science Library of Congress Classification:Class J -- Political science Class J: Political science is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class J.-J - General legislative and executive papers:...
K	Law Library of Congress Classification:Class K -- Law Class K: Law is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the sub-classes of Class K.-K - Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence:...
L	Education Library of Congress Classification:Class L -- Education Class L: Education is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class LLEducation LAHistory of EducationLBTheory and practice of educationLCSpecial aspects of education...
M	Music Library of Congress Classification:Class M -- Music Class M: Music is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class M.-M - Printed Music:...
N	Fine Arts Library of Congress Classification:Class N -- Fine Arts Class N: Fine Arts is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class N.NVisual artsNAArchitectureNBSculptureNCDrawing; Design; IllustrationNDPaintingNEPrint mediaNKDecorative arts...
P	Language and Literature Library of Congress Classification:Class P -- Language and Literature Class P: Language and Literature is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class PPPhilology; LinguisticsPAGreek language and literature; Latin language and literature...
Q	Science Library of Congress Classification:Class Q -- Science Class Q: Science is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class Q.- Q Science :...
R	Medicine Library of Congress Classification:Class R -- Medicine Class R: Medicine is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class R.Class R: Medicine is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system...
S	Agriculture Library of Congress Classification:Class S -- Agriculture Class S: Agriculture is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of class S.Class S: Agriculture is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system...
T	Technology Library of Congress Classification:Class T -- Technology Class T: Technology is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class TClass T: Technology is a classification used by the Library of Congress classification system...
U	Military Science Library of Congress Classification:Class U -- Military Science Class U: Military science is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class U.Class U: Military science is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system...
V	Naval Science Library of Congress Classification:Class V -- Naval Science Class V: Naval science is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class VV210-214.5 Submarine warfareV390-395 Naval research*V396-396.5 Military oceanography...
Z	Bibliography, Library Science, and General Information Resources

Class A - General Works

Subclass AC - Collection
Anthology
An anthology is a collection of literary works chosen by the compiler. It may be a collection of poems, short stories, plays, songs, or excerpts...

s. Series. Collected works
Subclass AE - Encyclopedias
Subclass AG - Dictionaries and other general reference works
Subclass AI - Indexes
Bibliographic index
A bibliographic index is a bibliography, an aid to search the literature of, for example, an academic field or discipline , to works of a specific literary form or published in a specific format , or to the analyzed contents of a serial publication...
Subclass AM - Museums. Collectors and collecting
Subclass AN - Newspapers
Subclass AP - Periodicals
Subclass AS - Academies and learned societies
Subclass AY - Yearbooks. Almanacs. Directories
Subclass AZ - History of scholarship
Scholarship
A scholarship is an award of financial aid for a student to further education. Scholarships are awarded on various criteria usually reflecting the values and purposes of the donor or founder of the award.-Types:...

and learning
Learning
Learning is acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals and some machines. Progress over time tends to follow learning curves.Human learning...

. The humanities
Humanities
The humanities are academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences....

Class B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion

Subclass B - Philosophy (General)
Subclass BC - Logic
Subclass BD - Speculative philosophy
Subclass BF - Psychology
Subclass BH - Aesthetics
Outline of aesthetics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to aesthetics:Aesthetics – branch of philosophy and axiology concerned with the nature of beauty.- Nature of aesthetics :Aesthetics can be described as all of the following:...
Subclass BJ - Ethics
Outline of ethics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ethics:Ethics – major branch of philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life. It is significantly broader than the common conception of analyzing right and wrong...
Subclass BL - Religions. Mythology
Mythology
The term mythology can refer either to the study of myths, or to a body or collection of myths. As examples, comparative mythology is the study of connections between myths from different cultures, whereas Greek mythology is the body of myths from ancient Greece...

. Rationalism
Rationalism
In epistemology and in its modern sense, rationalism is "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification" . In more technical terms, it is a method or a theory "in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive"...
Subclass BM - Judaism
Outline of Judaism
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Judaism:Judaism – "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people, based on the ancient Mosaic Law.-Biblical and holy books and people:*Chumash*Tanakh**Torah...
Subclass BP - Islam
Outline of Islam
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Islam:Islam – monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur’an, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God , and by the teachings and normative example of Muhammad, considered by them to be the...

. Bahaism. Theosophy
Theosophy
Theosophy, in its modern presentation, is a spiritual philosophy developed since the late 19th century. Its major themes were originally described mainly by Helena Blavatsky , co-founder of the Theosophical Society...

, etc.
Subclass BQ - Buddhism
Outline of Buddhism
The following outline is provided as an overview of, and topical guide to, Buddhism:Buddhism — religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha .- The Buddha :* Tathāgata —...
Subclass BR - Christianity
Outline of Christianity
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Christianity:Christianity – monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament...
Subclass BS - The Bible
Subclass BT - Doctrinal Theology
Subclass BV - Practical Theology
Subclass BX - Christian Denominations

Class C - Auxiliary Sciences of History (General)

Subclass CB - History of Civilization
Civilization
Civilization is a sometimes controversial term that has been used in several related ways. Primarily, the term has been used to refer to the material and instrumental side of human cultures that are complex in terms of technology, science, and division of labor. Such civilizations are generally...
Subclass CC - Archaeology
Subclass CD - Diplomatics
Diplomatics
Diplomatics , or Diplomatic , is the study that revolves around documentation. It is a study that focuses on the analysis of document creation, its inner constitutions and form, the means of transmitting information, and the relationship documented facts have with their creator...

. Archives. Seals
Subclass CE - Technical Chronology. Calendar
Calendar
A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial, or administrative purposes. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, and years. The name given to each day is known as a date. Periods in a calendar are usually, though not...
Subclass CJ - Numismatics
Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects. While numismatists are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other payment media used to resolve debts and the...
Subclass CN - Inscriptions. Epigraphy
Epigraphy
Epigraphy Epigraphy Epigraphy (from the , literally "on-writing", is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing; that is, the science of identifying the graphemes and of classifying their use as to cultural context and date, elucidating their meaning and assessing what conclusions can be...
Subclass CR - Heraldry
Heraldry
Heraldry is the profession, study, or art of creating, granting, and blazoning arms and ruling on questions of rank or protocol, as exercised by an officer of arms. Heraldry comes from Anglo-Norman herald, from the Germanic compound harja-waldaz, "army commander"...
Subclass CS - Genealogy
Genealogy
Genealogy is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history. Genealogists use oral traditions, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kinship and pedigrees of its members...
Subclass CT - Biography
Biography
A biography is a detailed description or account of someone's life. More than a list of basic facts , biography also portrays the subject's experience of those events...

Class D - World History (except American History)

Subclass D - History (General)
Subclass DA - Great Britain
History of the British Isles
The history of the British Isles has witnessed intermittent periods of competition and cooperation between the people that occupy the various parts of Great Britain, Ireland, and the smaller adjacent islands, which together make up the British Isles, as well as with France, Germany, the Low...
Subclass DAW - Central Europe
Subclass DB - Austria
History of Austria
The history of Austria covers the history of the current country of Austria and predecessor states, from the Iron Age, through to a sovereign state, annexation by the German Third Reich, partition after the Second World War and later developments until the present day...

- Liechtenstein
History of Liechtenstein
Political identity came to the territory now occupied by the Principality of Liechtenstein in 814, with the formation of the subcountry of Lower Rhaetia...

- Hungary
History of Hungary
Hungary is a country in central Europe. Its history under this name dates to the early Middle Ages, when the Pannonian Basin was colonized by the Magyars, a semi-nomadic people from what is now central-northern Russia...

- Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
Subclass DC - France
History of France
The history of France goes back to the arrival of the earliest human being in what is now France. Members of the genus Homo entered the area hundreds of thousands years ago, while the first modern Homo sapiens, the Cro-Magnons, arrived around 40,000 years ago...

- Andorra
History of Andorra
Andorra is the last independent survivor of the Marca Hispanica, the buffer states created by Charlemagne to keep the Islamic Moors from advancing into Christian France. Tradition holds that Charlemagne granted a charter to the Andorran people in return for their fighting the Moors...

- Monaco
History of Monaco
The early history of Monaco is primarily concerned with the protective and strategic value of the Rock of Monaco, the area's chief geological landmark, which served first as a shelter for ancient peoples and later as a fortress. Part of Liguria's history since the fall of the Roman Empire, from the...
Subclass DD - Germany
History of Germany
The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul , which he had conquered. The victory of the Germanic tribes in the Battle of the...
Subclass DE - Greco-Roman World
Subclass DF - Greece
History of Greece
The history of Greece encompasses the history of the territory of the modern state of Greece, as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they ruled historically. The scope of Greek habitation and rule has varied much through the ages, and, as a result, the history of Greece is similarly...
Subclass DG - Italy
History of Italy
Italy, united in 1861, has significantly contributed to the political, cultural and social development of the entire Mediterranean region. Many cultures and civilizations have existed there since prehistoric times....

- Malta
History of Malta
Malta has been inhabited since it was settled around 5200 BC from Sicily. It was settled by the Phoenicians and later the Greeks who named the island Μελίτη meaning "honey sweet" in reference to Malta's endemic variety of bee.-B.C.:*5000 First Human settlers...
Subclass DH - Low Countries - Benelux Countries
Subclass DJ - Netherlands
History of the Netherlands
The history of the Netherlands is the history of a maritime people thriving on a watery lowland river delta at the edge of northwestern Europe. When the Romans and written history arrived in 57 BC, the country was sparsely populated by various tribal groups at the periphery of the empire...

(Holland)
Subclass DJK - Eastern Europe (General)
Subclass DK - Russia
History of Russia
The history of Russia begins with that of the Eastern Slavs and the Finno-Ugric peoples. The state of Garðaríki , which was centered in Novgorod and included the entire areas inhabited by Ilmen Slavs, Veps and Votes, was established by the Varangian chieftain Rurik in 862...

. Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

. Former Soviet Republics
Republics of the Soviet Union
The Republics of the Soviet Union or the Union Republics of the Soviet Union were ethnically-based administrative units that were subordinated directly to the Government of the Soviet Union...

- Poland
History of Poland
The History of Poland is rooted in the arrival of the Slavs, who gave rise to permanent settlement and historic development on Polish lands. During the Piast dynasty Christianity was adopted in 966 and medieval monarchy established...
Subclass DL - Northern Europe. Scandinavia
History of Scandinavia
The history of Scandinavia is the history of the region of northern Europe known in English as Scandinavia, particularly in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.- Pre-historic age :...
Subclass DP - Spain
History of Spain
The history of Spain involves all the other peoples and nations within the Iberian peninsula formerly known as Hispania, and includes still today the nations of Andorra, Gibraltar, Portugal and Spain...

- Portugal
History of Portugal
The history of Portugal, a European and an Atlantic nation, dates back to the Early Middle Ages. In the 15th and 16th centuries, it ascended to the status of a world power during Europe's "Age of Discovery" as it built up a vast empire including possessions in South America, Africa, Asia and...
Subclass DQ - Switzerland
History of Switzerland
Since 1848, the Swiss Confederation has been a federal state of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics. For the time before 1291, this article summarizes...
Subclass DR - Balkan Peninsula
History of the Balkans
The Balkans is an area of southeastern Europe situated at a major crossroads between mainland Europe and the Near East. The distinct identity and fragmentation of the Balkans owes much to its common and often violent history and to its very mountainous geography.-Neolithic:Archaeologists have...
Subclass DS - Asia
History of Asia
The history of Asia can be seen as the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions such as, East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian steppe....
Subclass DT - Africa
History of Africa
The history of Africa begins with the prehistory of Africa and the emergence of Homo sapiens in East Africa, continuing into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. Agriculture began about 10,000 BCE and metallurgy in about 4000 BCE. The history of early...
Subclass DU - Oceania (South Seas)
Subclass DX - Gypsies

Class E and F - American History

Class F - Local History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America

Class G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation

Subclass G - Geography
Outline of geography
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography:Geography – science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.- Geography is :...

(General). Atlas
Atlas
An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a map of Earth or a region of Earth, but there are atlases of the other planets in the Solar System. Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today many atlases are in multimedia formats...

es. Maps
MAPS
Maps is the plural of map, a visual representation of an area.As an acronym, MAPS may refer to:* Mail Abuse Prevention System, an organisation that provides anti-spam support...
Subclass GA - Mathematical geography. Cartography
Cartography
Cartography is the study and practice of making maps. Combining science, aesthetics, and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively.The fundamental problems of traditional cartography are to:*Set the map's...
Subclass GB - Physical geography
Physical geography
Physical geography is one of the two major subfields of geography. Physical geography is that branch of natural science which deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere, as opposed to the cultural or built environment, the...
Subclass GC - Oceanography
Oceanography
Oceanography , also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean...
Subclass GE - Environmental Sciences
Subclass GF - Human ecology
Human ecology
Human ecology is the subdiscipline of ecology that focuses on humans. More broadly, it is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments. The term 'human ecology' first appeared in a sociological study in 1921...

. Anthropogeography
Subclass GN - Anthropology
Outline of anthropology
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to anthropology:Anthropology – study of humanity. Anthropology has origins in the natural sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences...
Subclass GR - Folklore
Folklore
Folklore consists of legends, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, fairy tales and customs that are the traditions of a culture, subculture, or group. It is also the set of practices through which those expressive genres are shared. The study of folklore is sometimes called...
Subclass GT - Manners
Manners
In sociology, manners are the unenforced standards of conduct which demonstrate that a person is proper, polite, and refined. They are like laws in that they codify or set a standard for human behavior, but they are unlike laws in that there is no formal system for punishing transgressions, the...

and customs
Customs
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, transports, personal effects and hazardous items in and out of a country...

(General)
Subclass GV - Recreation
Recreation
Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun"...

. Leisure
Leisure
Leisure, or free time, is time spent away from business, work, and domestic chores. It is also the periods of time before or after necessary activities such as eating, sleeping and, where it is compulsory, education....

Class H - Social Sciences

Subclass H - Social sciences (General)
Subclass HA - Statistics
Subclass HB - Economic theory
Outline of economics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to economics:Economics – analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services...

. Demography
Demography
Demography is the statistical study of human population. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic human population, that is, one that changes over time or space...
Subclass HC - Economic history and conditions
Subclass HD - Industries. Land use. Labor
Subclass HE - Transportation
Outline of transport
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to transport:Transport or transportation – movement of people and goods from one place to another.-Essence of transport:...

and communications
Outline of communication
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to communication:Communication – activity of conveying meaningful information...
Subclass HF - Commerce
Commerce
While business refers to the value-creating activities of an organization for profit, commerce means the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural, and technological systems that are in operation in any...
Subclass HG - Finance
Outline of finance
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to finance:Finance – addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses and organizations raise, allocate and use monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects.- Overview :The word...
Subclass HJ - Public finance
Public finance
Public finance is the revenue and expenditure of public authoritiesThe purview of public finance is considered to be threefold: governmental effects on efficient allocation of resources, distribution of income, and macroeconomic stabilization.-Overview:The proper role of government provides a...
Subclass HM - Sociology (General)
Subclass HN - Social history
Social history
Social history, often called the new social history, is a branch of History that includes history of ordinary people and their strategies of coping with life. In its "golden age" it was a major growth field in the 1960s and 1970s among scholars, and still is well represented in history departments...

and conditions. Social problems
Social problems
Social problems are problems and difficulties that people often face in society. These include:*crime*corruption*poverty*homelessness*hunger*disease*drug addiction*alcoholism*schizophrenia*depression*pollution...

. Social reform
Subclass HQ - The family
Family
In human context, a family is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, or co-residence. In most societies it is the principal institution for the socialization of children...

. Marriage
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

. Women
Subclass HS - Societies: secret
Secret society
A secret society is a club or organization whose activities and inner functioning are concealed from non-members. The society may or may not attempt to conceal its existence. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla insurgencies, which hide their...

, benevolent, etc.
Subclass HT - Communities
Outline of community
The following outline is provided as an overview of topical guide to community:Community – group of people who interact and share certain things as a group...

. Classes
Social class
Social classes are economic or cultural arrangements of groups in society. Class is an essential object of analysis for sociologists, political scientists, economists, anthropologists and social historians. In the social sciences, social class is often discussed in terms of 'social stratification'...

. Races
Subclass HV - Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Criminology
Criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent, causes, and control of criminal behavior in both the individual and in society...
Subclass HX - Socialism
Socialism
Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...

. Communism
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...

. Anarchism
Anarchism
Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, and harmful, or alternatively as opposing authority in the conduct of human relations...

Class J - Political Science

Subclass J - General legislative and executive papers
Subclass JA - Political science (General)

Subclass JC - Political theory
Subclass JF - Political institutions and public administration
Public administration
Public Administration houses the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work. As a "field of inquiry with a diverse scope" its "fundamental goal.....
Subclass JJ - Political institutions and public administration (North America)
Subclass JK - Political institutions and public administration (United States)
Subclass JL - Political institutions and public administration (Canada, Latin America, etc.)
Subclass JN - Political institutions and public administration (Europe)
Subclass JQ - Political institutions and public administration (Asia, Africa, Australia, Pacific Area, etc.)
Subclass JS - Local government
Local government
Local government refers collectively to administrative authorities over areas that are smaller than a state.The term is used to contrast with offices at nation-state level, which are referred to as the central government, national government, or federal government...

. Municipal government
Subclass JV - Colonies and colonization. Emigration
Emigration
Emigration is the act of leaving one's country or region to settle in another. It is the same as immigration but from the perspective of the country of origin. Human movement before the establishment of political boundaries or within one state is termed migration. There are many reasons why people...

and immigration
Immigration
Immigration is the act of foreigners passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence...

. International migration
Subclass JX - International law
International law
Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states; analogous entities, such as the Holy See; and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond...

, see JZ and KZ (obsolete)
Subclass JZ - International relations
International relations
International relations is the study of relationships between countries, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations , international nongovernmental organizations , non-governmental organizations and multinational corporations...

Class K - Law

Subclass K - Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law. Scholars of jurisprudence, or legal theorists , hope to obtain a deeper understanding of the nature of law, of legal reasoning, legal systems and of legal institutions...
Subclass KB - Religious law
Religious law
In some religions, law can be thought of as the ordering principle of reality; knowledge as revealed by a God defining and governing all human affairs. Law, in the religious sense, also includes codes of ethics and morality which are upheld and required by the God...

in general. Comparative religious law. Jurisprudence
Subclass KBM -Jewish law
Subclass KBP - Islamic law
Sharia
Sharia law, is the moral code and religious law of Islam. Sharia is derived from two primary sources of Islamic law: the precepts set forth in the Quran, and the example set by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Sunnah. Fiqh jurisprudence interprets and extends the application of sharia to...
Subclass KBR - History of canon law
Canon law
Canon law is the body of laws & regulations made or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church , the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the Anglican Communion of...
Subclass KBU - Law of the Roman Catholic Church. The Holy See
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
Subclasses - KD-KDK United Kingdom and Ireland
Subclass KDZ - America. North America
Law of North America
The law of North America is diverse and influential. The law of the United States has worldwide renown, in its codified constitution, and bill of rights, while the law of Cuba differs vastly in its regulation of private property.-List of countries:...
Subclass KE - Canada
Law of Canada
The Canadian legal system has its foundation in the British common law system, inherited from being a former colony of the United Kingdom and later a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Quebec, however, still retains a civil system for issues of private law...
Subclass KF - United States
Law of the United States
The law of the United States consists of many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States...
Subclass KG - Latin America
Crime and Violence in Latin America
Crime and violence are affecting the lives of millions of people in Latin America. Social inequality is considered one of the major causes of violence in Latin America, where the state fails to prevent crime and organized crime takes over State control in areas where the State is unable to assist...

- Mexico and Central America - West Indies. Caribbean area
Subclass KH - South America
Subclasses KJ-KKZ - Europe
Subclasses KL-KWX - Asia and Eurasia, Africa
Law in Africa
The law in Africa is a diverse mix of common law, customary law, civil law and religious law systems.-History:Law in Africa has been shaped primarily through different countries inheritance of laws which existed in Europe through the nineteenth century...

, Pacific Area, and Antarctica
Subclass KZ - Law of nations

Class L - Education

Subclass L - Education (General)
Subclass LA - History of education
History of education
The history of education its part of the past and present teaching and learning. Each generation, since the beginning of human existence, has sought to pass on cultural and social values, traditions, morality, religion and skills to the next generation. The passing on of culture is also known as...
Subclass LB - Theory
Education theory
Educational theory can refer to either speculative educational thought in general or to a theory of education as something that guides, explains, or describes educational practice....

and practice of education
Subclass LC - Special aspects of education
Subclass LD - Individual institutions - United States
Subclass LE - Individual institutions - America (except United States)
Subclass LF - Individual institutions - Europe
Subclass LG - Individual institutions - Asia, Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Australia, New Zealand, Pacific islands
Subclass LH - College and school magazines and papers
Subclass LJ - Student fraternities and societies
Student society
A student society or student organization is an organization, operated by students at a university, whose membership normally consists only of students. They are often affiliated with a university's students' union...

, United States
Subclass LT - Textbooks

Class M - Music

Subclass M - Music
Subclass ML - Literature on music
Subclass MT - Instruction and study

Class N - Fine arts

Subclass N - Visual arts
Outline of the visual arts
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the visual arts:Visual arts – class of art forms, including painting, sculpture, photography, printmaking and others, that focus on the creation of works which are primarily visual in nature. Visual Arts that produce...
Subclass NA - Architecture
Subclass NB - Sculpture
Subclass NC - Drawing
Outline of drawing and drawings
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to drawing and drawings:Drawing – activity of making marks on a surface so as to create an image, form or shape.A drawing – product of that activity....

. Design. Illustration
Illustration
An illustration is a displayed visualization form presented as a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art that is created to elucidate or dictate sensual information by providing a visual representation graphically.- Early history :The earliest forms of illustration were prehistoric...
Subclass ND - Painting
Subclass NE - Print media
Subclass NK - Decorative arts
Subclass NX - Arts in general
The arts
The arts are a vast subdivision of culture, composed of many creative endeavors and disciplines. It is a broader term than "art", which as a description of a field usually means only the visual arts. The arts encompass visual arts, literary arts and the performing arts – music, theatre, dance and...

Class P - Language and Literature

Subclass P - Philology
Philology
Philology is the study of language in written historical sources; it is a combination of literary studies, history and linguistics.Classical philology is the philology of Greek and Classical Latin...

. Linguistics
Subclass PA - Greek language
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...

and literature. Latin language and literature
Subclass PB - Modern language
Modern language
A modern language is any human language that is currently in use. The term is used in language education to distinguish between languages which are used for day-to-day communication and dead classical languages such as Latin, Attic Greek, Sanskrit, and Classical Chinese, which are studied for...

s. Celtic languages
Subclass PC - Romanic languages
Subclass PD - Germanic languages
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages constitute a sub-branch of the Indo-European language family. The common ancestor of all of the languages in this branch is called Proto-Germanic , which was spoken in approximately the mid-1st millennium BC in Iron Age northern Europe...

. Scandinavian languages
Subclass PE - English language
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
Subclass PF - West Germanic languages
Subclass PG - Slavic languages
Slavic languages
The Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.-Branches:Scholars traditionally divide Slavic...

and literatures. Baltic languages
Baltic languages
The Baltic languages are a group of related languages belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family and spoken mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe...

. Albanian language
Albanian language
Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, southern Serbia and northwestern Greece...
Subclass PH - Uralic languages. Basque language
Basque language
Basque is the ancestral language of the Basque people, who inhabit the Basque Country, a region spanning an area in northeastern Spain and southwestern France. It is spoken by 25.7% of Basques in all territories...
Subclass PJ - Oriental languages and literatures
Subclass PK - Indo-Iranian languages and literatures
Subclass PL - Languages and literatures of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania
Subclass PM - Hyperborean, Native American
Indigenous languages of the Americas
Indigenous languages of the Americas are spoken by indigenous peoples from Alaska and Greenland to the southern tip of South America, encompassing the land masses which constitute the Americas. These indigenous languages consist of dozens of distinct language families as well as many language...

, and artificial languages
Subclass PN - Literature (General)

Subclass PQ - French literature
French literature
French literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of France other than French. Literature written in French language, by citizens...

- Italian literature
Italian literature
Italian literature is literature written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy. It may also refer to literature written by Italians or in Italy in other languages spoken in Italy, often languages that are closely related to modern Italian....

- Spanish literature
Spanish literature
Spanish literature generally refers to literature written in the Spanish language within the territory that presently constitutes the state of Spain...

- Portuguese literature
Portuguese literature
This is a survey of Portuguese literature.The Portuguese language was developed gradually from the Vulgar language spoken in the countries which formed part of the Roman Empire and, both in morphology and syntax, it represents an organic transformation of Latin without the direct intervention of...
Subclass PR - English literature
English literature
English literature is the literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; for example, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Joseph Conrad was Polish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, J....
Subclass PS - American literature
American literature
American literature is the written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and its preceding colonies. For more specific discussions of poetry and theater, see Poetry of the United States and Theater in the United States. During its early history, America was a series of British...
Subclass PT - German literature
German literature
German literature comprises those literary texts written in the German language. This includes literature written in Germany, Austria, the German part of Switzerland, and to a lesser extent works of the German diaspora. German literature of the modern period is mostly in Standard German, but there...

- Dutch literature
Dutch literature
Dutch literature comprises all writings of literary merit written through the ages in the Dutch language, a language which currently has around 23 million native speakers...

- Flemish literature
Flemish literature
Flemish literature is literature from Flanders, historically a region comprising parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. Until the early 19th century, this literature was regarded as an integral part of Dutch literature...

since 1830 - Afrikaans literature
Afrikaans literature
Afrikaans literature is literature written in Afrikaans – especially since the standardization of the Afrikaans language from 14 August 1875 to the beginning of the twentieth century. Afrikaans is a daughter language of Dutch and is spoken by the majority of people in the Western Cape of South Africa...

-Scandinavian literature
Scandinavian literature
Scandinavia literature or Nordic literature is the literature in the languages of the Nordic countries of Northern Europe. The Nordic countries include Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway , Sweden and associated autonomous territories .The majority of these nations and regions use North Germanic...

- Old Norse literature
Old Norse literature
Old Norse literature refers to the vernacular literature of the Scandinavian peoples up to ca. 1350. It chiefly consists of Icelandic writings.See:* Old Norse poetry* Edda* Norse saga* Icelanders' sagas* Kings' sagas* Legendary sagas...

: Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian - Modern Icelandic literature
Icelandic literature
Icelandic literature refers to literature written in Iceland or by Icelandic people. It is best known for the sagas written in medieval times, starting in the 13th century. As Icelandic and Old Norse are almost the same, and because Icelandic works constitute most of Old Norse literature, Old Norse...

- Faroese literature
Faroese literature
In the Middle Ages many poems and stories were handed down orally. These works were split into the following divisions: sagnir , ævintyr and kvæði . These were eventually written down in the 19th century.In the 13th century the Færeyinga saga was written in Iceland...

- Danish literature
Danish literature
Danish literature, a subset of Scandinavian literature, stretches back to the Middle Ages. Of special note across the centuries are the historian Saxo Grammaticus, the playwright Ludvig Holberg, the storyteller Hans Christian Andersen, the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, and Karen Blixen who...

- Norwegian literature
Norwegian literature
Norwegian literature is literature composed in Norway or by Norwegian people. The history of Norwegian literature starts with the pagan Eddaic poems and skaldic verse of the 9th and 10th centuries with poets such as Bragi Boddason and Eyvindr Skáldaspillir...

- Swedish literature
Swedish literature
Swedish literature refers to literature written in the Swedish language or by writers from Sweden.The first literary text from Sweden is the Rök Runestone, carved during the Viking Age circa 800 AD. With the conversion of the land to Christianity around 1100 AD, Sweden entered the Middle Ages,...
Subclass PZ - Fiction and juvenile belles lettres

Class Q - Science

Subclass Q - Science
Outline of science
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to science:Science – in the broadest sense refers to any system of objective knowledge...

(General)
Subclass QA - Mathematics
Outline of mathematics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to mathematics:Mathematics – the search for fundamental truths in pattern, quantity, and change. For more on the relationship between mathematics and science, refer to the article on science.- Nature of mathematics :*...
Subclass QB - Astronomy
Subclass QC - Physics
Subclass QD - Chemistry
Subclass QE - Geology
Subclass QH - Natural history
Natural history
Natural history is the scientific research of plants or animals, leaning more towards observational rather than experimental methods of study, and encompasses more research published in magazines than in academic journals. Grouped among the natural sciences, natural history is the systematic study...

- Biology
Subclass QK - Botany
Subclass QL - Zoology
Subclass QM - Human anatomy
Outline of human anatomy
Human anatomy, a branch of anatomy, is the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human. It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision...
Subclass QP - Physiology
Physiology
Physiology is the science of the function of living systems. This includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system. The highest honor awarded in physiology is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or...
Subclass QR - Microbiology
Microbiology
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are defined as any microscopic organism that comprises either a single cell , cell clusters or no cell at all . This includes eukaryotes, such as fungi and protists, and prokaryotes...

Class R - Medicine

Subclass R - Medicine
Outline of medicine
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to medicine:Medicine – science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.- Core :*The practice of...

(General)
Subclass RA - Public aspects of medicine
Subclass RB - Pathology
Pathology
Pathology is the precise study and diagnosis of disease. The word pathology is from Ancient Greek , pathos, "feeling, suffering"; and , -logia, "the study of". Pathologization, to pathologize, refers to the process of defining a condition or behavior as pathological, e.g. pathological gambling....
Subclass RC - Internal medicine
Internal medicine
Internal medicine is the medical specialty dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases. Physicians specializing in internal medicine are called internists. They are especially skilled in the management of patients who have undifferentiated or multi-system disease processes...
Subclass RD - Surgery
Surgery
Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
Subclass RE - Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems...
Subclass RF - Otorhinolaryngology
Subclass RG - Gynecology and Obstetrics
Obstetrics
Obstetrics is the medical specialty dealing with the care of all women's reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy , childbirth and the postnatal period...
Subclass RJ - Pediatrics
Pediatrics
Pediatrics or paediatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. A medical practitioner who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician or paediatrician...
Subclass RK - Dentistry
Subclass RL - Dermatology
Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its diseases, a unique specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist takes care of diseases, in the widest sense, and some cosmetic problems of the skin, scalp, hair, and nails....
Subclass RM - Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function...
Subclass RS - Pharmacy
Pharmacy
Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs...

and materia medica
Materia medica
Materia medica is a Latin medical term for the body of collected knowledge about the therapeutic properties of any substance used for healing . The term 'materia medica' derived from the title of a work by the Ancient Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides in the 1st century AD, De materia medica libre...
Subclass RT - Nursing
Nursing
Nursing is a healthcare profession focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life from conception to death....
Subclass RV - Botanic
Herbalism
Herbalism is a traditional medicinal or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants and plant extracts. Herbalism is also known as botanical medicine, medical herbalism, herbal medicine, herbology, herblore, and phytotherapy...

, Thomsonian, and Eclectic medicine
Eclectic medicine
Eclectic medicine was a branch of American medicine which made use of botanical remedies along with other substances and physical therapy practices, popular in the latter half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries....
Subclass RX - Homeopathy
Homeopathy
Homeopathy is a form of alternative medicine in which practitioners claim to treat patients using highly diluted preparations that are believed to cause healthy people to exhibit symptoms that are similar to those exhibited by the patient...
Subclass RZ - Other systems of medicine

Class S - Agriculture

Subclass S - Agriculture (General)
Subclass SB - Horticulture
Horticulture
Horticulture is the industry and science of plant cultivation including the process of preparing soil for the planting of seeds, tubers, or cuttings. Horticulturists work and conduct research in the disciplines of plant propagation and cultivation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic...

. Plant propagation
Plant propagation
Plant propagation is the process of creating new plants from a variety of sources: seeds, cuttings, bulbs and other plant parts. Plant propagation can also refer to the artificial or natural dispersal of plants.-Sexual propagation :...

. Plant breeding
Plant breeding
Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the genetics of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to more complex molecular...
Subclass SD - Forestry. Arboriculture
Arboriculture
Arboriculture is the cultivation, management, and study of individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants. It is both a practice and a science....

. Silviculture
Silviculture
Silviculture is the practice of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests to meet diverse needs and values. The name comes from the Latin silvi- + culture...
Subclass SF - Animal husbandry
Animal husbandry
Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.- History :Animal husbandry has been practiced for thousands of years, since the first domestication of animals....

. Animal science
Animal science
Animal Science is described as "studying the biology of animals that are under the control of mankind". Historically, the animals studied were farm animals, including livestock and horses, but courses available now look at a far broader area to include companion animals, for example dogs, cats and...
Subclass SH - Aquaculture
Aquaculture
Aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the...

. Fisheries
Fishery
Generally, a fishery is an entity engaged in raising or harvesting fish which is determined by some authority to be a fishery. According to the FAO, a fishery is typically defined in terms of the "people involved, species or type of fish, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats,...

. Angling
Angling
Angling is a method of fishing by means of an "angle" . The hook is usually attached to a fishing line and the line is often attached to a fishing rod. Fishing rods are usually fitted with a fishing reel that functions as a mechanism for storing, retrieving and paying out the line. The hook itself...
Subclass SK - Hunting
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of pursuing any living thing, usually wildlife, for food, recreation, or trade. In present-day use, the term refers to lawful hunting, as distinguished from poaching, which is the killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species contrary to applicable law...

Class T - Technology

Subclass T - Technology (General)
Subclass TA - Engineering Civil engineering
Civil engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings...

(General).
Subclass TC - Hydraulic engineering
Hydraulic engineering
This article is about civil engineering. For the mechanical engineering discipline see Hydraulic machineryHydraulic engineering as a sub-discipline of civil engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage. One feature of these systems is the extensive...

. Ocean engineering
Offshore construction
Offshore construction is the installation of structures and facilities in a marine environment, usually for the production and transmission of electricity, oil, gas and other resources....
Subclass TD - Environmental technology
Environmental engineering
Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to improve the natural environment , to provide healthy water, air, and land for human habitation and for other organisms, and to remediate polluted sites...

. Sanitary engineering
Sanitary engineering
Sanitary engineering is the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities, primarily by providing the removal and disposal of human waste, and in addition to the supply of safe potable water. Initially in the mid 19th century, the discipline concentrated on the...
Subclass TE - Highway engineering
Highway engineering
Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil engineering which involves the design, construction and maintenance of Highway Systems. Highway Engineering become prominent towards the latter half of the 20th Century after World War 2. Standards of highway engineering are...

. Roads and pavements
Subclass TF - Railroad engineering and operation
Subclass TG - Bridges
Bridges
-People:* Alexander Bridges, English footballer* Angelica Bridges , American actress, model and singer* Barry Bridges , English footballer* Beau Bridges , American actor* Bles Bridges , South African singer...
Subclass TH - Building construction
Subclass TJ - Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the...

and machinery
Subclass TK - Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...

. Electronics
Electronics
Electronics is the branch of science, engineering and technology that deals with electrical circuits involving active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies...

. Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of the breakdown as well as the fusion of atomic nuclei and/or the application of other sub-atomic physics, based on the principles of nuclear physics...
Subclass TL - Motor vehicles. Aeronautics
Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of airflight-capable machines, or the techniques of operating aircraft and rocketry within the atmosphere...

. Astronautics
Astronautics
Astronautics, and related astronautical engineering, is the theory and practice of navigation beyond the Earth's atmosphere. In other words, it is the science and technology of space flight....
Subclass TN - Mining engineering
Outline of mining
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to mining:Mining – extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an ore body, vein or seam...

. Metallurgy
Metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. It is also the technology of metals: the way in which science is applied to their practical use...
Subclass TP - Chemical technology
Subclass TR - Photography
Subclass TS - Manufacturing engineering
Manufacturing engineering
Manufacturing engineering is a field dealing with different manufacturing practices and the research and development of processes, machines and equipment.-Overview:...

. Mass production
Mass production
Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines...
Subclass TT - Handicrafts. Arts and crafts
Arts and crafts
Arts and crafts comprise a whole host of activities and hobbies that are related to making things with one's hands and skill. These can be sub-divided into handicrafts or "traditional crafts" and "the rest"...
Subclass TX - Home economics

Class U - Military Science

Subclass U - Military science (General)
Subclass UA - Armies
Army
An army An army An army (from Latin arma "arms, weapons" via Old French armée, "armed" (feminine), in the broadest sense, is the land-based military of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps...

: Organization
Military organization
Military organization is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer military capability required by the national defence policy. In some countries paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces...

, distribution, military situation
Subclass UB - Military administration
Subclass UC - Military maintenance and transportation
Subclass UD - Infantry
Infantry
Infantrymen are soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. As the oldest branch of combat arms, they are the backbone of armies...
Subclass UE - Cavalry
Cavalry
Cavalry or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically the third oldest and the most mobile of the combat arms...

. Armor
Subclass UF - Artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
Subclass UG - Military engineering. Air forces
Air force
An air force, also known in some countries as an air army, is in the broadest sense, the national military organization that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an army, navy or...
Subclass UH - Other military services

Class V - Naval Science

Subclass V - Naval science (General)
Subclass VA - Navies
Navy
A navy is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions...

: Organization, distribution, naval situation
Subclass VB - Naval administration
Subclass VC - Naval maintenance
Subclass VD - Naval seamen
Subclass VE - Marines
Subclass VF - Naval ordnance
Subclass VG - Minor services of navies
Subclass VK - Navigation
Navigation
Navigation is the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. It is also the term of art used for the specialized knowledge used by navigators to perform navigation tasks...

. Merchant marine
Subclass VM - Naval architecture
Naval architecture
Naval architecture is an engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction, maintenance and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation and calculations during all stages of the life of a...

. Shipbuilding
Shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history.Shipbuilding and ship repairs, both...

. Marine engineering
Marine propulsion
Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a ship or boat across water. While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting a motor or engine turning a propeller, or less frequently, in jet...

Class Z - Bibliography, Library Science

Subclass Z - Books (General). Writing. Paleography. Book industries and trade. Libraries. Bibliography
Subclass ZA - Information resources (General)

External links

Library of Congress - classification, loc.gov
Cataloging Distribution Services - source of Library of Congress Classification schedules. loc.gov
Classification outline, loc.gov
How to read LCC call numbers, geography.about.com
How to use LCC to organize a home library, zackgrossbart.com
Easy Navigation and Search for LCC code, globaljournals.org

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.