White Dawns is a collection of poems by the famous Macedonian

Republic of Macedonia

Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...

 writer Kočo Racin

Koco Racin

Kosta Apostolov Solev primarily known as Kočo Racin was a Macedonian revolutionary and poet who is considered a founder of modern Macedonian literature. His poem collection White Dawns is one of the most important masterpieces in the Macedonian modern literature...

 (Кочо Рацин), published in 1939 in Samobor

Samobor

Samobor is a town in the Zagreb County, Croatia. It is part of the Zagreb metropolitan area.-Geography:Samobor is located west of Zagreb, between the eastern slopes of the Samoborsko gorje , in the Sava River valley.-Population:...

, near Zagreb

Zagreb

Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...

, Croatia

Croatia

Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...

. This is the third collection of poems published in contemporary Macedonian language

Macedonian language

Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora...

, after Venko Markovski

Venko Markovski

Venko Markovski, in Bulgarian and Macedonian Венко Марковски, born as Veniamin Milanov Toshev; was a Bulgarian and Macedonian writer, poet and Communist politician.-Biography:...

's Folk Sorrows (Народни бигори) and The Fire (Огинот), published in 1938.

White Dawns was printed on 25 November at the printing house of Dragutin Schpuler in 4.000 copies. After the established communist

Communism

Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...

 practice, the title is printed in red. Since there lay a danger in discovering the author's identity, Kosta Solev published the work under the pseudonym "K. Racin" (К. Рацин). The collection quickly gained popularity all over the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a state stretching from the Western Balkans to Central Europe which existed during the often-tumultuous interwar era of 1918–1941...

 and met its greatest success in Pirin Macedonia.

White Dawns comprises 12 poems in the following order:

• Days (Денови)
• Earning (Печал)
• Rural Toil (Селска мака)
• The Tobacco Harvesters (Тутуноберачите)
• Lenka (Ленка)
• Farewell (Проштавање)
• A Ballad to the Unknown One (Балада за непознатиот)
• Elegies for You (Елегии за тебе)
• The Sun Above Us (Утрото над нас)
• Tatunčo (Татунчо)
• To Have a Shop in Struga (На Струга дуќан да имам)
• The Diggers (Копачите)

External links

• Several songs from White Dawns in Macedonian and in English
• „Lenka“ performed by Zafir Hadžimanov (mp3)
• White Dawns in Macedonian