Zaklików
Encyclopedia
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, located in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Podkarpackie Voivodeship , or Subcarpathian Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in extreme-southeastern Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów...
, in Stalowa Wola County
Stalowa Wola County
Stalowa Wola County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Stalowa Wola,...
(since 1999). It is located 113.1 miles SSE of Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
and 50 miles from Lublin
Lublin
Lublin is the ninth largest city in Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 350,392 . Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula river...
. For about 300 years of its history it was incorporated as a city, but it lost its city charter after the January Uprising
January Uprising
The January Uprising was an uprising in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against the Russian Empire...
. It lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north of Stalowa Wola
Stalowa Wola
Stalowa Wola is the largest city and capital of Stalowa Wola County with a population of 64,353 inhabitants, as of June 2008. It is located in southeastern Poland in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship...
and 82 km (51 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów
Rzeszów
Rzeszów is a city in southeastern Poland with a population of 179,455 in 2010. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River, in the heartland of the Sandomierska Valley...
.
It is located at an altitude of 593 feet (180 m). On the south of Zaklików the Pysznica
Pysznica
Pysznica is a village in Stalowa Wola County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Pysznica. It lies approximately east of Stalowa Wola and north of the regional capital Rzeszów.The village has a population of 2,800.-References:...
Gmina
Gmina
The gmina is the principal unit of administrative division of Poland at its lowest uniform level. It is often translated as "commune" or "municipality." As of 2010 there were 2,479 gminas throughout the country...
in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship is located. To the southwest is the town of Radomysl
Radomysl
Radomyśl may refer to the following places:*Radomyśl, Greater Poland Voivodeship *Radomyśl, Masovian Voivodeship *Radomyśl, Drawsko County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship...
. Abbreviations for GPS: ZKL, ZKLKW, ZAKLKW.
While the town produces sulfur
Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow...
, it also manufactures furniture and nuts & bolts.
Timeline
- September 22, 1409: A parishParishA parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
is established in Zdziechowice, a village 2 km from present-day Zaklików. - 1565: Stanisław Zaklika, after obtaining royal assent, founds the town of Zaklików, on the lands previously belonging to the village Zdziechowice. The founding city charter is based on the Magdeburg Law. The city takes its name and coat of arms from its founder.
- 1793: City becomes part of AustriaAustriaAustria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
after the Third Partition of PolandThird Partition of PolandThe Third Partition of Poland or Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1795 as the third and last of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.-Background:...
. - 1815: City becomes part of the Russian EmpireRussian EmpireThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
(Congress PolandCongress PolandThe Kingdom of Poland , informally known as Congress Poland , created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian parcel of Poland with the Russian Empire...
) after the decisions taken at the Congress of ViennaCongress of ViennaThe Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars,...
. - 1840: Joseph LewinsteinJoseph LewinsteinJoseph Lewinstein was a Russian rabbi and author born at Lublin, Russian Poland, 1840. He was a member of a family of rabbis and Talmudists which includes the author of Pene Yehoshua and the Lebushim....
, a Russian rabbi and author, was born in Lublin, Russian Poland. He was a member of a family of rabbis and Talmudists which includes the author of the "Lebushim" and of "Pene Yehoshua'." - 1860: Joseph Lewinstein, at the age of twenty, became rabbi of KarolKarolKarol is a Polish and Slovak version of the name Charles or Carl. It is also used as a Polish translation of Charles or Karl, especially when referring to Charles Dickens , Karl Marx , and Prince Charles .- People with the first name Karol :* Karol Adamiecki, a Polish economist, engineer and...
, in the province of Płock - 1868: Joseph Lewinstein became rabbi of Zaklików, in the government of Lublin, but moved in 1875 to become rabbi of Serotzk, government of Łomża.
- 1907-1908: Zaklików still under Russian hands.
- 1914-1915: During World War I the front passes through Zaklików three times.
- Summer 1915: The Russians are finally expelled from Zaklików by the advance of German and Austro-Hungarian armies.
- November 1918: Zaklikow again becomes part of independent Poland.
- September 13, 1939: The 14th army of the German Heeresgruppe Süd was advancing east and northwest. Enemy forces in front of the Korps divided into two parts: Northern & Southern. The northern part was withdrawing across the San RiverSan RiverThe San is a river in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, a tributary of the Vistula River, with a length of 433 km and a basin area of 16,861 km2...
into the woods around Zaklikow and Biłgoraj, last time spotted on the JanówJanówJanów is a very common placenames in Poland. It may refer to:* Janów Lubelski - town in Poland* Janów Poleski - the Polish name for Ivanava, a town in Belarus...
– FrampolFrampolFrampol is a town in Poland, in Lublin Voivodeship, in Biłgoraj County. It has 1,440 inhabitants .The town was founded in 1705, with a unique, highly symmetric layout of streets in the shape of concentric rectangles around a large central square. In 1869 it lost its official status as a town, to...
road. - September 14, 1939: The Polish Armoured Train Nr. 51 ("I Marszalek"), while covering the retreat of Polish forces near the village of Zaklików, the train managed to delay the advance of the German 4th Infantry Division units until the next day and prevented the Polish 94th Inf. Rgt. from being cut off from the Polish main forces.
- Sometime in 1942: 20 partisans led by Gregori Korchinski, most of them Jews, fighting against the Nazis in Poland, moved to the Zaklików area and set up a partisan base in the village of Ludmilovka. They recruited an additional 15 local men. Among the Jews there were unified groups commanded by Yaacov Freitag and Reuven Pintel.
- April, 1942: In order to create room for the new arrivals, Polish Jews residing in the Lublin district were gradually deported farther east. These evacuations were initiated by the Nazi SS and Police Chief of Lublin in collaboration with the "Sub-Department of Population and Welfare" of the Governor of the district of Lublin, and namely on the proposal of the local authorities. For example, a certain Lenk, a subordinate of the District Chief of Janów-Lubelsk, wrote to the SS and Police Chief of Lublin asking them to evacuate Jews in the different locations in Poland, among which Zaklikow was mentioned with 1500 Jews to be evacuated.
- August 1942: The entire Jewish population of the town of Janów LubelskiJanów LubelskiJanów Lubelski is a town in eastern Poland. It has 11,882 inhabitants .Situated in the Lublin Voivodship . It is the capital of Janów Lubelski County.It has a large hospital...
, which included a few hundred Jews who had been deported there from ViennaViennaVienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
in 1941, was forced to concentrate in the nearby town of Zaklików. They were afterward deported to the Belzec extermination campBelzec extermination campBelzec, Polish spelling Bełżec , was the first of the Nazi German extermination camps created for implementing Operation Reinhard during the Holocaust...
. There was a small forced labor camp for Jews in the nearby village of Lysaków which operated for some time. - October 8, 1942: Jews captured by Nazis in Austria were taken from ModliborzyceModliborzyceModliborzyce may refer to the following places:*Modliborzyce, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship *Modliborzyce, Lublin Voivodeship *Modliborzyce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship...
to the Zaklików railroad station and deported to an extermination camp of Aktion Reinhard while the elderly and invalids were murdered on the spot. Of the 999 Austrian Jews, only 13 are known to have survived Modliborzyce. - October 1942: According to testimony of Nuchim Rozenel, from the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, on this month, during the second "Aktion" in the Kraśnik ghetto, the Hassidic rabbi of TurobinTurobinTurobin is a village in Biłgoraj County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Turobin. It lies approximately north of Biłgoraj and south of the regional capital Lublin....
was in the Kraśnik ghetto together with his son and the son's family, and they were all deported to Zaklikow which was the main assembling ghetto for the Jews from Kraśnik county during the final liquidation of the ghettos. From there he was deported to Belzec, together with his family. - November 3: According to a book by Arad, pp. 383-389, The Governnment GeneralGeneral GovernmentThe General Government was an area of Second Republic of Poland under Nazi German rule during World War II; designated as a separate region of the Third Reich between 1939–1945...
deported 2000 Jews to Belzec from the town of Zaklików, County of Janów, District of Lublin. An additional 300 were deported during the month of November from Janów Lubelski via Zaklików. - June 25, 1943: From the archives of the reports of the ArgentinianArgentinaArgentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
diplomatic missions about the racist policies of Germany and the occupied European countries (1933-1945), on this date, Luis Luti, the Commercial Attaché of Argentina in Germany sent a letter to Argentina's Minister of Foreign Relations and Culture, Segundo R. Storni, in which he points out that "the road in which the deported Jews and the Jewish inhabitants of Poland were pushed to their ruin and destruction by the Nazis". In this report, he mentions the Warsaw Ghetto uprisingWarsaw Ghetto UprisingThe Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was the Jewish resistance that arose within the Warsaw Ghetto in German occupied Poland during World War II, and which opposed Nazi Germany's effort to transport the remaining ghetto population to Treblinka extermination camp....
and refers to the Treblinka concentration camp. The letter, numbered as "Note #275", and written in Berlin, states that after the violent dissolution of the Warsaw ghetto, in which the SS troops also suffered losses, according to the "Pat" agency, the Germans put great effort into "liquidating" the ghettos of the small cities in the provinces from which the Jews were deported. In this comunique the following cities are mentioned: Frasnik, Zaklików, Lublin, ZawichostZawichostZawichost is a small town in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland. It is located by the Vistula River in southern Poland, near Sandomierz....
, Biała Podlaska, Jedresejow, Łuków, Sokołów, and Rawa Ruska. The Polish News Agency in London makes a special mention of a concentration camp known as Treblinka, located to the side of the Warsaw-Białystok railroad line. This camp is equipped with special rooms in which Jews are locked in to be suffocated to death. - 1989: Based on a general population survey about the social stratification in Eastern Europe, Zaklików had a population of 8,877. According to the coding of geographical units based on the Wykaz symboli terytorialnych wojewodztw, gmin i miast (Register of Territorial Codes for Voivodeships, Counties and Cities) of the Warsaw Glowny Urzad Statystyczny (Central Statistical Office) of 1992, the code for Zaklikow is 83721 and it is considered a rural county.
- 2000: The Levi-Strauss Foundation donated $United States dollarThe United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
2400 to the Dom Pomocy Spolecznej in Zaklików, to renovate a 24-hour care center for mentally-disabled women.
Notable people
- Joseph Lewinstein: Was rabbi of Zaklikow from 1868 to 1875.
- Fr. Jerzy (George) Kusy: Born April 12, 1960 in Janów Lubelski, Poland. In 1975 after finishing grade school in Potok Wielki he attended high school in Zaklików, Poland. On October 8, 1999, Bishop Anthony Pilla appointed him associate pastor of The Shrine Church of St. Stanislaus in Cleveland, Ohio.
- Julio Broner: Born in Zaklikow, August 28th, 1921. Scaped to Argentina during World War II. He became the president of the CGE (Confederación General Económica, General Economic Confederation), and was a human rights activist.
- Michael Kuperwasser: Born in Zaklikow, November 13th, 1920. Rose to the rank of 2nd Lieutenant of the 1st Polish Army of the East, 13th Motorized Artillery, receiving the Krzyz Walecznych medal of valour for heroic acts against the german enemy invador. After World War II, he moved to New York. Like his childhood friend Julio Broner he later moved to South America; and became the Financial Director of Copacabana Palace Hotel and Intercontinental Coffee Company in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Notable customs
- Around the 1930s and 1940s, when there was a wedding in the town or Rachov, it was the custom that when the groom was from Zaklików, he was greeted on the Yanishov road.
Historical figures
- There was a Zaklika of Miedzygorze who was Chancellor of Poland some time in the 14th century.
- There was a Zaklika who built hospitals in Queen Jadwiga's time.
Map
Pictures
Photographs and general information about Zaklików
Further reading
- Hayiti sham, (English: I was there), Editor: Joshua Laks, Published: Bene Berak 1993, Pages: 289, Language: Hebrew, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel, Call No: 0623544, Zalman Aranne Central Library, Beer Sheva, Israel, Call No: 1300530
- Zaklikow: A Small Town to Remember (Hebrew; English translation of Hayiti sham), written by Joshua Laks: I was there (Zaklikow, Poland), 50°46' / 22°07', Published in Bnei Brak, Israel 1993
External links
- Names of people from Zaklików who were in labor camps
- Climate of Zaklików
- Portrait of Danuta Schapira while in hiding on the Gotner farm in Zaklików Web site of a school in Zaklików