Zschornewitz
Encyclopedia
Zschornewitz is a village and a former municipality on the southwestern edge of the Wittenberg
district in Saxony-Anhalt
, Germany
. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Gräfenhainichen
. It was part of the administrative community
(Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Tor zur Dübener Heide
. It lies about 4 km west of the former district seat of Gräfenhainichen
, right on the border with Saxony
.
, Möhlau
, Burgkemnitz
and Gröbern
as well as the town of Gräfenhainichen
border on the community of Zschornewitz.
In 1915, work began on the power station
under architect Prof. Klingenberg's plans. At the same time the garden-city-like workers' community Kolonie was established. In 1916, eight turbine
s capable of 16 MW each were generating a total of 128 MW, making the Zschornewitz power plant the world's biggest brown-coal-fired power station.
In 1920–1921, the school in Kolonie was built.
In 1929, two 85 MW turbines were brought into service (at the time, Europe
's biggest). Thirteen huge chimneys became for decades the community's backdrop. In 1945, however, the plant was partially dismantled by the Soviets
as part of the war reparations
that they exacted from Germany.
On 30 June 1992 came the power plant's final shutdown. The Kolonie and parts of the plant were granted protection as a memorial. In 1995, the preserved part of the old power plant became an industrial memorial. In 1996, the old workers' community Kolonie was included in the list of EXPO
projects, undergoing widespread restorations in 1997-99.
On 13 May 2000, Zschornewitz celebrated its 800th anniversary of founding.
The community's most prominent building is the former Zschornewitz Power Station. Since 1995 this plant has been open to the public as an energy museum.
was built after the brown coal pit was shut down. It has eight wind turbine
s. The dump itself rises some 50 m above the surrounding area, making it an ideal place to make good use of wind energy
.
Zschornewitz lies on state road (Landesstraße
) L136 between Möhlau
to Gräfenhainichen
and on district road (Kreisstraße
) K2037 to Burgkemnitz
. Federal highway (Bundesstraße) B 107 in Gräfenhainichen is only about 2 km away.
The Dessau-Ost interchange on the A9 autobahn between Munich
and Berlin
is about 16 km away.
The nearest Deutsche Bahn
railway stations are to be found in Gräfenhainichen and Burgkemnitz on the Wittenberg
- Bitterfeld
line about 4 km away.
Wittenberg (district)
Wittenberg is a district in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.-...
district in Saxony-Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt is a landlocked state of Germany. Its capital is Magdeburg and it is surrounded by the German states of Lower Saxony, Brandenburg, Saxony, and Thuringia.Saxony-Anhalt covers an area of...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Gräfenhainichen
Gräfenhainichen
' is a town in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.-Location:The town was the seat of the offices of the administrative community of Tor zur Dübener Heide until it was disbanded in January 2011...
. It was part of the administrative community
Amt (subnational entity)
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only found in Germany, but formerly also common in northern European countries. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a U.S...
(Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Tor zur Dübener Heide
Tor zur Dübener Heide
Tor zur Dübener Heide was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft in the district of Wittenberg, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was situated southwest of Wittenberg. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Gräfenhainichen...
. It lies about 4 km west of the former district seat of Gräfenhainichen
Gräfenhainichen
' is a town in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.-Location:The town was the seat of the offices of the administrative community of Tor zur Dübener Heide until it was disbanded in January 2011...
, right on the border with Saxony
Saxony
The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
.
Geography
The former municipalities of JüdenbergJüdenberg
Jüdenberg is a community in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since January 2007, it belongs to the municipality of Gräfenhainichen...
, Möhlau
Möhlau
Möhlau is a village and a former municipality in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Gräfenhainichen...
, Burgkemnitz
Burgkemnitz
Burgkemnitz is a village and a former municipality in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Muldestausee....
and Gröbern
Gröbern
Gröbern is a village and a former municipality in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Muldestausee....
as well as the town of Gräfenhainichen
Gräfenhainichen
' is a town in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.-Location:The town was the seat of the offices of the administrative community of Tor zur Dübener Heide until it was disbanded in January 2011...
border on the community of Zschornewitz.
Subdivisions
The municipality was divided into the historical centre of Kolonie, a neighbourhood to the east built for power station, and Pöplitz, about 2 km to the west.History
In the 19th century, there were hardly any more than 200 inhabitants in Zschornewitz.In 1915, work began on the power station
Power station
A power station is an industrial facility for the generation of electric energy....
under architect Prof. Klingenberg's plans. At the same time the garden-city-like workers' community Kolonie was established. In 1916, eight turbine
Turbine
A turbine is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.The simplest turbines have one moving part, a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades, or the blades react to the flow, so that they move and...
s capable of 16 MW each were generating a total of 128 MW, making the Zschornewitz power plant the world's biggest brown-coal-fired power station.
In 1920–1921, the school in Kolonie was built.
In 1929, two 85 MW turbines were brought into service (at the time, Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
's biggest). Thirteen huge chimneys became for decades the community's backdrop. In 1945, however, the plant was partially dismantled by the Soviets
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
as part of the war reparations
War reparations
War reparations are payments intended to cover damage or injury during a war. Generally, the term war reparations refers to money or goods changing hands, rather than such property transfers as the annexation of land.- History :...
that they exacted from Germany.
On 30 June 1992 came the power plant's final shutdown. The Kolonie and parts of the plant were granted protection as a memorial. In 1995, the preserved part of the old power plant became an industrial memorial. In 1996, the old workers' community Kolonie was included in the list of EXPO
Expo 2000
Expo 2000 was a World's Fair held in Hanover, Germany from Thursday, June 1 to Tuesday, October 31, 2000. It was located on the Hanover fairground , which is famous for hosting CeBIT...
projects, undergoing widespread restorations in 1997-99.
On 13 May 2000, Zschornewitz celebrated its 800th anniversary of founding.
Main sights
Economy and transportation
On the old Gröbern strip mine's waste dump south of Zschornewitz, a wind farmWind farm
A wind farm is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electric power. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines, and cover an extended area of hundreds of square miles, but the land between the turbines may be used for agricultural or other...
was built after the brown coal pit was shut down. It has eight wind turbine
Wind turbine
A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy. If the mechanical energy is used to produce electricity, the device may be called a wind generator or wind charger. If the mechanical energy is used to drive machinery, such as for grinding grain or...
s. The dump itself rises some 50 m above the surrounding area, making it an ideal place to make good use of wind energy
Wind energy
Wind energy is the kinetic energy of air in motion; see also wind power.Total wind energy flowing through an imaginary area A during the time t is:E = ½ m v2 = ½ v 2...
.
Zschornewitz lies on state road (Landesstraße
Landesstraße
Landesstraßen are roads in Germany and Austria that are, as a rule, the responsibility of the respective German or Austrian federal state. The term may therefore be translated as "state road". They are roads that cross the boundary of a rural or urban district...
) L136 between Möhlau
Möhlau
Möhlau is a village and a former municipality in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Gräfenhainichen...
to Gräfenhainichen
Gräfenhainichen
' is a town in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.-Location:The town was the seat of the offices of the administrative community of Tor zur Dübener Heide until it was disbanded in January 2011...
and on district road (Kreisstraße
Kreisstraße
A Kreisstraße is a class of road in Germany. It carries traffic between the towns and villages within a Kreis or district or between two neighbouring districts. In terms of importance, the Kreisstraße ranks below a Landesstraße , but above a Gemeindestraße or "local road"...
) K2037 to Burgkemnitz
Burgkemnitz
Burgkemnitz is a village and a former municipality in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Muldestausee....
. Federal highway (Bundesstraße) B 107 in Gräfenhainichen is only about 2 km away.
The Dessau-Ost interchange on the A9 autobahn between Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
and Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
is about 16 km away.
The nearest Deutsche Bahn
Deutsche Bahn
Deutsche Bahn AG is the German national railway company, a private joint stock company . Headquartered in Berlin, it came into existence in 1994 as the successor to the former state railways of Germany, the Deutsche Bundesbahn of West Germany and the Deutsche Reichsbahn of East Germany...
railway stations are to be found in Gräfenhainichen and Burgkemnitz on the Wittenberg
Wittenberg
Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is a city in Germany in the Bundesland Saxony-Anhalt, on the river Elbe. It has a population of about 50,000....
- Bitterfeld
Bitterfeld
Bitterfeld is a town in the district Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2007 it has been part of the town Bitterfeld-Wolfen. It is situated approx. 25 km south of Dessau, and 30 km northeast of Halle...
line about 4 km away.
Population
| Year | Inhabitants |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 3,736 |
| 2000 | 3,072 |
| 2004 | 2,957 |