Šid
Encyclopedia
Šid is a town and municipality in the Srem District
of Vojvodina
, Serbia
. Šid town has a population of 16,301, and Šid municipality 38,921.
, the town is known as Šid (Шид), in Croatian
as Šid, in Hungarian
as Sid, in German
as Schid, in Slovak
as Šíd, and in Rusyn
as Шид.
Military Frontier
, but since the middle of the 18th century, it was part of the Syrmia County of the Habsburg
Kingdom of Slavonia
. In 1848-1849, Šid was part of Serbian Vojvodina
, and in 1849-1860 part of Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar. After the abolishment of the voivodeship in 1860, Šid was again incorporated into Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Slavonia
. In 1868, Kingdom of Slavonia was joined with the Kingdom of Croatia
into the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
, which was part of the Kingdom of Hungary
and Austria-Hungary
. Šid was a district center within Syrmia County. In 1910, ethnic Serbs
were in absolute majority in the town, while other sizable ethnic groups included Rusyns
, Slovaks
and Croats
.
In 1918, the town first became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
, then part of the Kingdom of Serbia
and finally part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. From 1918 to 1922, Šid was part of the Syrmia county, from 1922 to 1929 part of the Syrmia oblast, from 1929 to 1931 part of the Drina Banovina
, from 1931 to 1939 part of the Danube Banovina
, and from 1939 to 1941 part of the Banovina of Croatia
. During World War II
, from 1941 to 1944, the town was occupied by Axis
troops and was included into the Pavelić's
Independent State of Croatia
. In 1944, Šid was liberated by Yugoslav partisans and until April 1945, important acts of the Syrmian Front
were fought near the town. The Yugoslav Partisans mined the local Catholic
church during the offensive in late 1944. Since 1944, the town is part of Vojvodina
, which (from 1945) was an autonomous province of Serbia
and Yugoslavia
.
On 5 November 1991, the Serbian government accused Croatian forces of shelling the city twice, killing four people in what became the first attack on Serbian soil during the Yugoslav Wars
. In 2009, Šid was declared mine-free after demining actions to remove explosives dating from the conflict.
Šid municipality encompasses of town of Šid, and following villages:
Most of the settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority. The settlement with Slovak ethnic majority is Ljuba. Ethnically mixed settlements are Bikić Do (with relative Rusyn majority) and Sot (with relative Serb majority).
. According to the legend, the monastery was founded by the squire Priva in the 12th century.
In Šid, there is a museum dedicated to an important Serbian artist Sava Šumanović
, also a museum of naive art "Ilijanum" consisting of more than three hundred works of art, mainly paintings.
, Italy
Andorra la Vella
, Andorra
Kitee
, Finland
Srem District
Syrmia or Srem District is a northwestern district of Serbia. It lies in the regions of Syrmia and Mačva, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It has a population of 309,981...
of Vojvodina
Vojvodina
Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad...
, Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
. Šid town has a population of 16,301, and Šid municipality 38,921.
Name
In SerbianSerbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
, the town is known as Šid (Шид), in Croatian
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
as Šid, in Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
as Sid, in German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
as Schid, in Slovak
Slovak language
Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people...
as Šíd, and in Rusyn
Pannonian Rusyn language
Pannonian Rusyn or simply Rusyn is a Slavic language or dialect spoken by Pannonian Rusyns in north-western Serbia and eastern Croatia...
as Шид.
History
Šid was firstly mentioned in 1702. At first, settlement was part of DanubianPodunavlje
Podunavlje is the name of the Danube river basin parts located in Serbia and Croatia .-History:...
Military Frontier
Military Frontier
The Military Frontier was a borderland of Habsburg Austria and later the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which acted as the cordon sanitaire against incursions from the Ottoman Empire...
, but since the middle of the 18th century, it was part of the Syrmia County of the Habsburg
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
Kingdom of Slavonia
Kingdom of Slavonia
The Kingdom of Slavonia was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire that existed from 1699 to 1868. The province included northern parts of present-day regions of Slavonia and Syrmia...
. In 1848-1849, Šid was part of Serbian Vojvodina
Serbian Vojvodina
The Serbian Vojvodina was a Serbian autonomous region within the Austrian Empire...
, and in 1849-1860 part of Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar. After the abolishment of the voivodeship in 1860, Šid was again incorporated into Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Slavonia
Kingdom of Slavonia
The Kingdom of Slavonia was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire that existed from 1699 to 1868. The province included northern parts of present-day regions of Slavonia and Syrmia...
. In 1868, Kingdom of Slavonia was joined with the Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)
The Kingdom of Croatia was an administrative division that existed between 1527 and 1868 within the Habsburg Monarchy . The Kingdom was a part of the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, but was subject to direct Imperial Austrian rule for significant periods of time, including its final years...
into the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia or Croatia Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was part of the Hungarian Kingdom within the dual Austro-Hungarian state, being within the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen or Transleithania...
, which was part of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
and Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
. Šid was a district center within Syrmia County. In 1910, ethnic Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
were in absolute majority in the town, while other sizable ethnic groups included Rusyns
Rusyns
Carpatho-Rusyns are a primarily diasporic ethnic group who speak an Eastern Slavic language, or Ukrainian dialect, known as Rusyn. Carpatho-Rusyns descend from a minority of Ruthenians who did not adopt the use of the ethnonym "Ukrainian" in the early twentieth century...
, Slovaks
Slovaks
The Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia...
and Croats
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
.
In 1918, the town first became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was a short-lived state formed from the southernmost parts of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy after its dissolution at the end of the World War I by the resident population of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs...
, then part of the Kingdom of Serbia
Kingdom of Serbia
The Kingdom of Serbia was created when Prince Milan Obrenović, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned King in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Karađorđevic dynasty from 1817 onwards . The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, de...
and finally part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. From 1918 to 1922, Šid was part of the Syrmia county, from 1922 to 1929 part of the Syrmia oblast, from 1929 to 1931 part of the Drina Banovina
Drina Banovina
The Drina Banovina or Drina Banate was a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. Its capital was at Sarajevo and it included portions of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia...
, from 1931 to 1939 part of the Danube Banovina
Danube Banovina
The Danube Banovina or Danube Banate was a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. This province consisted of the geographical regions of Syrmia, Bačka, Banat, Baranja, Šumadija, and Braničevo. The capital city of the Danube Banovina was Novi Sad...
, and from 1939 to 1941 part of the Banovina of Croatia
Banovina of Croatia
The Banovina of Croatia or Banate of Croatia was a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1939 and 1943 . Its capital was at Zagreb and it included most of present-day Croatia along with portions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia...
. During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, from 1941 to 1944, the town was occupied by Axis
Axis Powers
The Axis powers , also known as the Axis alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries, or just the Axis, was an alignment of great powers during the mid-20th century that fought World War II against the Allies. It began in 1936 with treaties of friendship between Germany and Italy and between Germany and...
troops and was included into the Pavelić's
Ante Pavelic
Ante Pavelić was a Croatian fascist leader, revolutionary, and politician. He ruled as Poglavnik or head, of the Independent State of Croatia , a World War II puppet state of Nazi Germany in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia...
Independent State of Croatia
Independent State of Croatia
The Independent State of Croatia was a World War II puppet state of Nazi Germany, established on a part of Axis-occupied Yugoslavia. The NDH was founded on 10 April 1941, after the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers. All of Bosnia and Herzegovina was annexed to NDH, together with some parts...
. In 1944, Šid was liberated by Yugoslav partisans and until April 1945, important acts of the Syrmian Front
Syrmian Front
The Syrmian Front was an Axis line of defense during World War II, established in late October 1944 in Syrmia, northwest of Belgrade....
were fought near the town. The Yugoslav Partisans mined the local Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
church during the offensive in late 1944. Since 1944, the town is part of Vojvodina
Vojvodina
Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad...
, which (from 1945) was an autonomous province of Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
and Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
.
On 5 November 1991, the Serbian government accused Croatian forces of shelling the city twice, killing four people in what became the first attack on Serbian soil during the Yugoslav Wars
Yugoslav wars
The Yugoslav Wars were a series of wars, fought throughout the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 1995. The wars were complex: characterized by bitter ethnic conflicts among the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, mostly between Serbs on the one side and Croats and Bosniaks on the other; but also...
. In 2009, Šid was declared mine-free after demining actions to remove explosives dating from the conflict.
Inhabited places
- AdaševciAdaševciAdaševci is a village located in Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,166 people .-References:...
- BatrovciBatrovciBatrovci is a village located in Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 320 people .-See also:*List of places in Serbia...
- BačinciBacinciBačinci is a village located in Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,374 people .-See also:*List of places in Serbia...
- BerkasovoBerkasovoBerkasovo is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,228 people .-History:...
- Bikić DoBikic DoBikić Do is a village in Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. It is located in the municipality of Šid, in the Srem District...
- BingulaBingulaBingula is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 906 people .-See also:*List of places in Serbia...
- VašicaVašicaVašica is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Syrmia District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,717 people .- Demographics :...
- VišnjićevoVišnjicevoVišnjićevo is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,899 people .-See also:*List of places in Serbia...
- GibaracGibaracGibarac is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,158 people .-History:...
- ErdevikErdevikErdevik is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 3,316 people .-Ethnic groups :...
- IlinciIlinciIlinci is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 827 people .-See also:*List of places in Serbia...
- JamenaJamenaJamena is a village in the region of Srem, southwestern Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the municipality of Šid. Jamena has a population of 1,130 , but it is declining. Most of the inhabitants of the village are ethnic Serbs...
- KukujevciKukujevciKukujevci is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,252 people ....
- LjubaLjubaLjuba is a village located in Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District. The village has a Slovak ethnic majority and its population numbering 558 people ....
- MolovinMolovinMolovin is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 298 people .-See also:*List of places in Serbia...
- MorovićMorovicMorović is a village in northwestern Serbia in the Šid municipality, Srem District, autonomous province of Vojvodina. The village has a population of 2,164 people , mainly of Serbian origin.-History:...
- Privina GlavaPrivina GlavaPrivina Glava is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 221 people .-See also:...
- SotSot (village)Sot is a village located in Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Srem District. The village is ethnically mixed and its population numbering 791 people .-Ethnic groups :...
Ethnic groups (2002 census)
The population of the Šid municipality:- SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
(77.62%) - SlovaksSlovaksThe Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia...
(6.46%) - CroatsCroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
(5.35%) - RusynsPannonian RusynsRusyns in Pannonia, or simply Rusyns or Ruthenians , are a Slavic minority in Serbia and Croatia...
(3.38%) - YugoslavsYugoslavsYugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora...
(1.89%)
Most of the settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority. The settlement with Slovak ethnic majority is Ljuba. Ethnically mixed settlements are Bikić Do (with relative Rusyn majority) and Sot (with relative Serb majority).
Culture
Near the Privina Glava village is Privina Glava MonasteryPrivina Glava monastery
The Privina Glava Monastery is a Serb Orthodox monastery on the Fruška Gora mountain in the northern Serbia, in the province of Vojvodina. According to legend, Privina Glava was founded by a man named Priva, in the 12th century...
. According to the legend, the monastery was founded by the squire Priva in the 12th century.
In Šid, there is a museum dedicated to an important Serbian artist Sava Šumanović
Sava Šumanovic
Sava Šumanović was a 20th-century Serbian painter.Sava Šumanović was born in Vinkovci, today's Croatia in 1896. He graduated from High School in Zemun, across the Danube from Belgrade, where he was first introduced to the art of painting. He later enrolled in the College of Arts in Zagreb then...
, also a museum of naive art "Ilijanum" consisting of more than three hundred works of art, mainly paintings.
Sister cities
There are three official sister cities of Sid: GenoaGenoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella is the capital of the Co-principality of Andorra, and is located high in the east Pyrenees between France and Spain. It is also the name of the parish that surrounds the capital....
, Andorra
Andorra
Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...
Kitee
Kitee
Kitee is a town and a municipality of Finland.It is located in the province of Eastern Finland and is part of the North Karelia region. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is water...
, Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
See also
- Srem DistrictSrem DistrictSyrmia or Srem District is a northwestern district of Serbia. It lies in the regions of Syrmia and Mačva, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It has a population of 309,981...
- Srem