565 St. Columba reports seeing a monster in Loch Ness, Scotland.
1054 Siward, Earl of Northumbria invades Scotland to support Malcolm Canmore against Macbeth of Scotland, who usurped the Scottish throne from Malcolm's father, King Duncan. Macbeth is defeated at Dunsinane.
1153 Malcolm IV becomes King of Scotland.
1291 Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
1292 (O.S.) John Balliol becomes King of Scotland.
1295 Scotland and France form an alliance, the so-called "Auld Alliance", against England.
1296 Edward I sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed, during armed conflict between Scotland and England.
1296 Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated by Edward I of England.
1305 William Wallace, who led the Scottish resistance against England, is captured by the English near Glasgow and transported to London where he is put on trial and executed.
1306 The Earl of Pembroke's army defeats Bruce's Scottish army at the Battle of Methven.
1318 Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English.
1320 The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath.
1322 Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.
1411 Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place.
1472 Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland in lieu of a dowry for Margaret of Denmark.
1503 James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor are married according to a Papal Bull by Pope Alexander VI. A Treaty of Everlasting Peace between Scotland and England signed on that occasion results in a peace that lasts ten years.
1503 King James IV of Scotland marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland.
1513 James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden Field, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai.
1543 Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
1547 The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, the last full scale military confrontation between England and Scotland, resulting in a decisive victory for the forces of Edward VI.
1559 John Knox returns from exile to Scotland to become the leader of the beginning Scottish Reformation.
1560 The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland.
1560 The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland.
1560 The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed by Scotland and England.
1561 An 18-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.
1565 The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots, marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, Scotland.
1566 David Rizzio, private secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland.
1567 An explosion destroys the Kirk o' Field house in Edinburgh, Scotland. The second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, Lord Darnley is found strangled, in what many believe to be an assassination.
1568 Battle of Langside: the forces of Mary, Queen of Scots, are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.
1570 The assassination of regent James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war.
1590 Anne of Denmark is crowned Queen of Scotland.
1600 Scotland begins its numbered year on January 1 instead of March 25.
1625 Charles I becomes King of England, Scotland and Ireland as well as claiming the title King of France.
1640 The Treaty of Ripon is signed, restoring peace between Scotland and Charles I of England.
1650 The Battle of Carbisdale: A Royalist army invades mainland Scotland from Orkney Island but is defeated by a Covenanter army.
1651 Charles II is crowned King of Scotland.
1661 King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey.
1692 Massacre of Glencoe: About 78 Macdonalds at Glen Coe, Scotland are killed early in the morning for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, William of Orange.
1701 James Francis Edward Stuart, sometimes called the "Old Pretender", becomes the Jacobite claimant to the thrones of England and Scotland.
1786 Alexander Macdonell and over five hundred Roman Catholic highlanders leave Scotland to settle in Glengarry County, Ontario.
1804 High Possil Meteorite: The first recorded meteorite in Scotland falls in Possil.
1823 Charles Macintosh, of Scotland, sells the first raincoat.
1848 The ship ''John Wickliffe'' arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded.
1858 The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.
1867 An unsuccessful expedition led by E.D. Young sets out to search for Dr David Livingstone (Scottish missionary and explorer).
1869 In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper ''Cutty Sark'' is launched – one of the last clippers ever to be built, and the only one still surviving to this day.
1877 The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners.
1879 The Tay Bridge Disaster: The central part of the Tay Rail Bridge in Dundee, Scotland collapses as a train passes over it, killing 75.
1883 First meeting of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow, Scotland.
1890 The longest bridge in Great Britain, the Forth Rail Bridge in Scotland, measuring {{Convert|1710|ft|m}} long, is opened by the Prince of Wales, who later becomes King Edward VII.
1906 Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania is launched at the John Brown Shipyard, Glasgow (Clydebank), Scotland.
1915 Three trains collide in the Quintinshill rail crash near Gretna Green, Scotland, killing 227 people and injuring 246; the accident is found to be the result of non-standard operating practices during a shift change at a busy junction.
1918 A series of accidental collisions on a misty Scottish night leads to the loss of two Royal Navy submarines with over a hundred lives, and damage to another five British warships.
1919 The Battle of George Square takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.
1930 The last 36 remaining inhabitants of St Kilda are voluntarily evacuated to other parts of Scotland.
1939 The German Kriegsmarine submarine (U-boat) ''U-47'' sinks the British battleship HMS ''Royal Oak'' within her harbor at Scapa Flow, Scotland.
1939 World War II: ''HMS Nelson'' is struck by a mine (laid by ''U-31'') off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940.
1939 HMS Duchess (H64) sinks after a collision with HMS Barham off the coast of Scotland with the loss of 124 men
1941 World War II: Rudolf Hess parachutes into Scotland to try to negotiate a peace deal between the United Kingdom and Nazi Germany.
1951 The Stone of Scone, the stone upon which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned, is found on the site of the altar of Arbroath Abbey. It had been taken by Scottish nationalist students from its place in Westminster Abbey.
1964 Scotland's Forth Road Bridge near Edinburgh officially opens.
1967 {{RMS|Queen Elizabeth 2||}} is launched at John Brown & Company, Clydebank, Scotland. It is operated by the Cunard Line.
1969 Capital punishment in the United Kingdom: Home Secretary James Callaghan's motion to make permanent the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965, which had temporarily suspended capital punishment in England, Wales and Scotland for murder (but not for all crimes) for a period of five years.
1979 The East Coast Main Line rail route between England and Scotland is restored when the Penmanshiel Diversion opens.
1988 A bomb explodes on board Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, killing 270.
1989 Margaret Thatcher's new local government tax, the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), is introduced in Scotland.
1990 Gruinard Island, Scotland, is officially declared free of the anthrax disease after 48 years of quarantine.
1996 Dunblane massacre: in Dunblane, Scotland, 16 kindergarten children and 1 teacher are shot dead by a spree killer, Thomas Watt Hamilton who then committed suicide.
2001 In the Netherlands a Scottish court convicts Libyan Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed Al Megrahi and acquits another Libyan citizen for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 which blew up over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988.
2005 The first same sex civil partnerships in Scotland are celebrated.