1440s in England
Encyclopedia
 1440s in England: |
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| 1420s 1420s in England Events from the 1420s in England.-Events:* 1420** 21 May - Henry V of England and Charles VI of France sign the Treaty of Troyes, making Henry heir to the French throne.** 2 June - Henry marries Catherine of Valois, Charles's daughter.... | 1430s 1430s in England Events from the 1430s in England.-Events:* 1430** 23 May - Hundred Years' War: Following the Siege of Compiègne, Joan of Arc is captured and imprisoned.... | 1440s | 1450s 1450s in England Events from the 1450s in England.-Events:* 1450** 7 February - John de la Pole marries Lady Margaret Beaufort.** 15 April - Hundred Years' War: French defeat the English at the Battle of Formigny.... | 1460s 1460s in England Events from the 1460s in England.-Events:* 1460** 15 January - French raid Sandwich, Kent and capture the royal fleet.** 10 July - Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Northampton, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and Edward, Earl of March defeat a Lancastrian army and seize King Henry VI.** 10... |
Events from the 1440s in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
.
Events
- 1440
- 7 July - Hundred Years' WarHundred Years' WarThe Hundred Years' War was a series of separate wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings...
: John Talbot, 1st Earl of ShrewsburyJohn Talbot, 1st Earl of ShrewsburyJohn Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and 1st Earl of Waterford KG , known as "Old Talbot" was an important English military commander during the Hundred Years' War, as well as the only Lancastrian Constable of France.-Origins:He was descended from Richard Talbot, a tenant in 1086 of Walter Giffard...
recaptures HarfleurHarfleur-Population:-Places of interest:* The church of St-Martin, dating from the fourteenth century.* The seventeenth century Hôtel de Ville .* Medieval ramparts * The fifteenth century museums of fishing and of archaeology and history....
from the FrenchFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. - 12 September - King Henry VIHenry VI of EnglandHenry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. Until 1437, his realm was governed by regents. Contemporaneous accounts described him as peaceful and pious, not suited for the violent dynastic civil wars, known as the Wars...
founds Eton CollegeEton CollegeEton College, often referred to simply as Eton, is a British independent school for boys aged 13 to 18. It was founded in 1440 by King Henry VI as "The King's College of Our Lady of Eton besides Wyndsor"....
.
- 7 July - Hundred Years' War
- 1441
- 2 April - King Henry VI founds King's College, CambridgeKing's College, CambridgeKing's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college's full name is "The King's College of our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge", but it is usually referred to simply as "King's" within the University....
. - 19 September - Hundred Years' War: French capture PontoisePontoisePontoise is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris, in the "new town" of Cergy-Pontoise.-Administration:...
and Ile-de-FranceÎle-de-France (province)The province of Île-de-France or Isle de France is an historical province of France, and the one at the centre of power during most of French history...
.
- 2 April - King Henry VI founds King's College, Cambridge
- 1442
- 19 January - Eleanor CobhamEleanor CobhamEleanor [née Eleanor Cobham], Duchess of Gloucester , was a mistress and the second wife of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. A convicted sorceress, her imprisonment for treasonable necromancy in 1441 was a cause célèbre.-Family:...
, wife of Humphrey, Duke of GloucesterHumphrey, Duke of GloucesterHumphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Pembroke, KG , also known as Humphrey Plantagenet, was "son, brother and uncle of kings", being the fourth and youngest son of king Henry IV of England by his first wife, Mary de Bohun, brother to king Henry V of England, and uncle to the...
, convicted of treason and witchcraftWitchcraftWitchcraft, in historical, anthropological, religious, and mythological contexts, is the alleged use of supernatural or magical powers. A witch is a practitioner of witchcraft...
. - 11 June - Hundred Years' War: France invades GasconyGasconyGascony is an area of southwest France that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution. The region is vaguely defined and the distinction between Guyenne and Gascony is unclear; sometimes they are considered to overlap, and sometimes Gascony is considered a...
.
- 19 January - Eleanor Cobham
- 1443
- 23 April - Perpetual truce signed with Burgundy.
- 13 May - John Stafford enthroned as Archbishop of CanterburyArchbishop of CanterburyThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...
. - August - Hundred Years' War: 8,000 strong expeditionary force under John Beaufort, 1st Duke of SomersetJohn Beaufort, 1st Duke of SomersetJohn Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, KG was an English noble and military commander.-Family:Baptised on 25 March 1404, he was the second son of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland, and succeeded his elder brother Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset to become the 3rd Earl of...
lands at Cherbourg.
- 1444
- 28 May - Hundred Year's War: Truce of Tours between England and France.
- A serious fire occurs at St Paul's CathedralSt Paul's CathedralSt Paul's Cathedral, London, is a Church of England cathedral and seat of the Bishop of London. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. St Paul's sits at the top of Ludgate Hill, the highest point in the City of London, and is the mother...
in LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
.
- 1445
- 23 April - Henry VI marries Margaret of AnjouMargaret of AnjouMargaret of Anjou was the wife of King Henry VI of England. As such, she was Queen consort of England from 1445 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471; and Queen consort of France from 1445 to 1453...
. - 14 July - Hundred Years' War: Negotiations for a peace treaty begin in London.
- 23 April - Henry VI marries Margaret of Anjou
- 1446
- 26 June - Hundred Year's War: Henry re-asserts his claim over BrittanyBrittanyBrittany is a cultural and administrative region in the north-west of France. Previously a kingdom and then a duchy, Brittany was united to the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province. Brittany has also been referred to as Less, Lesser or Little Britain...
. - 25 July - Construction of the chapel at King's College, CambridgeKing's College, CambridgeKing's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college's full name is "The King's College of our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge", but it is usually referred to simply as "King's" within the University....
begins.
- 26 June - Hundred Year's War: Henry re-asserts his claim over Brittany
- 1447
- 18 February - Duke of Gloucester arrested for treason. He dies five days later.
- 9 December - Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of YorkRichard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of YorkRichard Plantagenêt, 3rd Duke of York, 6th Earl of March, 4th Earl of Cambridge, and 7th Earl of Ulster, conventionally called Richard of York was a leading English magnate, great-grandson of King Edward III...
appointed as the King's representative in IrelandIrelandIreland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
.
- 1448
- 11 March - Hundred Years' War: England cedes Maine to France.
- 16 March - Hundred Years' War: Peace negotiations break down over the issue of English control over Brittany.
- 23 October - ScottishScotlandScotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
victory over the English at the Battle of SarkBattle of SarkThe Battle of Sark was fought between England and Scotland in October 1448. A large battle, it was the first significant Scottish victory over the English in over half a century, following the Battle of Otterburn of 1388...
. - Queen Margaret of AnjouMargaret of AnjouMargaret of Anjou was the wife of King Henry VI of England. As such, she was Queen consort of England from 1445 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471; and Queen consort of France from 1445 to 1453...
founds Queens' College, CambridgeQueens' College, CambridgeQueens' College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England.The college was founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou , and refounded in 1465 by Elizabeth Woodville...
.
- 1449
- 24 March - Hundred Years' War: English capture FougeresFougèresFougères is a commune and a sub-prefecture of the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany, in north-western France.-Sights:Fougères' major monument is a medieval stronghold built atop a granite ledge, which was part of the ultimately unsuccessful defence system of the Duchy of Brittany against...
in Brittany. - July - Hundred Years' War: French invade NormandyNormandyNormandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is in France.The continental territory covers 30,627 km² and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. It is divided for administrative purposes into two régions:...
. - 29 October - Hundred Years' War: RouenRouenRouen , in northern France on the River Seine, is the capital of the Haute-Normandie region and the historic capital city of Normandy. Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe , it was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy in the Middle Ages...
surrenders to the French. - Earliest known grant of a patentPatentA patent is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for the public disclosure of an invention....
in England, by Henry VI to John of UtynamJohn of UtynamJohn of Utynam is the recipient of the first known English patent.-Background:John was a master glass-maker from Flanders. He came to England to make the windows for Eton College.-Patent:The patent was granted in 1449 by King Henry VI of England...
for the introduction of coloured glass manufacture.
- 24 March - Hundred Years' War: English capture Fougeres
Births
- 1440
- approximate Henry DeaneHenry DeaneHenry Deane was the Archbishop of Canterbury in England.In 1457, he is recorded as a Canon of Llanthony by Gloucester, his first appearance in the records...
, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1503)
- approximate Henry Deane
- 1442
- 28 April - King Edward IV of EnglandEdward IV of EnglandEdward IV was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death. He was the first Yorkist King of England...
(died 1483) - 27 September - John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of SuffolkJohn de la Pole, 2nd Duke of SuffolkJohn de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, KG , known as "the Trimming Duke". He was the son of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk and Alice Chaucer, daughter of Thomas Chaucer.-Life:...
(died 1491) - Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl RiversAnthony Woodville, 2nd Earl RiversAnthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers was an English nobleman, courtier, and writer.He was the eldest son of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxembourg. Like his father, he was originally a Lancastrian, fighting on that side at the Battle of Towton, but later became a Yorkist...
(died 1483)
- 28 April - King Edward IV of England
- 1443
- 17 May - Edmund, Earl of RutlandEdmund, Earl of RutlandEdmund, Earl of Rutland was the fifth child and second surviving son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville...
, brother of Kings Edward IV of EnglandEdward IV of EnglandEdward IV was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death. He was the first Yorkist King of England...
and Richard III of EnglandRichard III of EnglandRichard III was King of England for two years, from 1483 until his death in 1485 during the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty...
(d. 1460) - 31 May - Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII of EnglandHenry VII of EnglandHenry VII was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor....
(died 1509) - John de Vere, 13th Earl of OxfordJohn de Vere, 13th Earl of OxfordJohn de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford , the second son of John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford, and Elizabeth Howard, was one of the principal Lancastrian commanders during the English Wars of the Roses...
, Lancastrian leader (died 1513) - Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick (died 1449)
- 17 May - Edmund, Earl of Rutland
- 1444
- John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of NorfolkJohn de Mowbray, 4th Duke of NorfolkJohn de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk, KG , known as 1st Earl of Surrey between 1451 and 1461, was the only son of John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and Eleanor Bourchier. His maternal grandparents were William Bourchier, Count of Eu and Anne of Gloucester.In 1451 the earldom of Surrey was...
(died 1476)
- John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk
- 1446
- Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de RosEdmund de Ros, 11th Baron de RosEdmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was a follower of the House of Lancaster during the Wars of the Roses. He regained his family title after the accession of King Henry VII of England....
, politician (died 1508) - William GrocynWilliam GrocynWilliam Grocyn was an English scholar, a friend of Erasmus.He was born at Colerne, Wiltshire. Intended by his parents for the church, he was sent to Winchester College, and in 1465 was elected to a scholarship at New College, Oxford. In 1467 he became a fellow, and among his pupils was William...
, scholar (died 1519)
- Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros
- 1449
- 21 October - George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of ClarenceGeorge Plantagenet, 1st Duke of ClarenceGeorge Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, 1st Earl of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Warwick, KG was the third son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, and the brother of kings Edward IV and Richard III. He played an important role in the dynastic struggle known as the Wars of the...
, brother of Edward IV and Richard III (died 1478)
- 21 October - George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence
Deaths
- 1440
- 30 September - Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de RuthynReginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de RuthynReginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn , a powerful Welsh marcher lord, succeeded to the title on his father Reginald's death in July 1388.- Lineage :...
, soldier and politician (born c. 1362) - 13 November - Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland (born c. 1379)
- 30 September - Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn
- 1443
- 12 April - Henry ChicheleHenry ChicheleHenry Chichele , English archbishop, founder of All Souls College, Oxford, was born at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, in 1363 or 1364...
, Archbishop of CanterburyArchbishop of CanterburyThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...
(born c. 1364), having served since 1414, the longest ever in this office
- 12 April - Henry Chichele
- 1444
- 27 May - John Beaufort, 1st Duke of SomersetJohn Beaufort, 1st Duke of SomersetJohn Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, KG was an English noble and military commander.-Family:Baptised on 25 March 1404, he was the second son of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland, and succeeded his elder brother Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset to become the 3rd Earl of...
, military leader (born 1404)
- 27 May - John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset
- 1445
- 5 June - Leonel PowerLeonel PowerLeonel Power was an English composer of the late Medieval and early Renaissance eras. Along with John Dunstaple, he was one of the major figures in English music in the early 15th century.-Life:...
, composer (year of birth unknown, between 1370–1385) - 11 June - Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of WarwickHenry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of WarwickHenry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick was an English nobleman.He was the son of Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and Isabel le Despenser...
(born 1424)
- 5 June - Leonel Power
- 1447
- 23 February - Humphrey, Duke of GloucesterHumphrey, Duke of GloucesterHumphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Pembroke, KG , also known as Humphrey Plantagenet, was "son, brother and uncle of kings", being the fourth and youngest son of king Henry IV of England by his first wife, Mary de Bohun, brother to king Henry V of England, and uncle to the...
(born 1390) - 11 April - Henry Beaufort, Cardinal, Lord Chancellor (born 1377)
- John Holland, 2nd Duke of ExeterJohn Holland, 2nd Duke of ExeterJohn Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter KG was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years' War.-Family:...
(born 1395)
- 23 February - Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
- 1449
- Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick (born 1443)