Andrew Barnard
Encyclopedia
General
Sir Andrew Francis Barnard, GCB
, GCH
(1773 – 17 January 1855) was an Irish-born, British Army
officer. He served in various capacities in the West Indies, the Cape of Good Hope
, Canada
, the Netherlands
, Sicily
, Spain
and in the Napoleonic Wars
including the Battle of Waterloo
for which service he was highly decorated. After his retirement from active duty, he served in a number of civilian positions, being promoted to general four years before his death.
, County Donegal
, Northern Ireland. He was the son of the Rev. Dr. Henry Barnard, of Bovagh, County Londonderry (second son of William Barnard, Bishop of Derry
, and brother of Thomas Barnard, Bishop of Limerick), by his second wife, Sarah neé Robertson of Bannbrook, County Londonderry
.
in August, 1794, became a lieutenant in the 81st Regiment of Foot
in September and a captain in November of the same year. He served in St. Domingo from April till August, 1795, and on 2 December was transferred to the 55th Regiment.
He served in the expedition to the West Indies under Sir Ralph Abercromby
, and was present at the reduction of Morne Fortune
in May, 1796.
In 1799 he accompanied the expedition to the Helder, and was present at the actions of 27 August, 10 September, and 2 and 6 October.
On 19 December he was gazetted lieutenant and captain in the 1st Regiment of Footguards (now the Grenadier Guards
), obtained the rank of Major on 1 January, 1805, embarked with the 1st brigade of guards for Sicily in 1806, and returned to England in September, 1807.
On 28 January, 1808 he became a lieutenant-colonel in the army, and was appointed Inspecting Field Officer of Militia in North America. He embarked for Canada in July 1808, was gazetted into the 1st Royals on 18 December, and returned to England in August 1809.
Containing the services and progress of promotion of the generals, lieuteneant-generals, major-generals, colonels, lieutenant-colonels, and majors of the army, according to senioroty: with details of the principal military events of the last century. Vol. IV. (1820) Military Library, Whitehall, London (digitized by Google Books)
, and landed on the 29th at Cadiz
, which was then besieged by Marshal Victor. He commanded his battalion at the Battle of Barrosa
, where he was wounded twice, once severely; was present at the sieges of Ciudad Rodrigo
and Badajoz, and at the battles of Salamanca
and Vittoria. Soon after the capture of Badajos he was transferred to the 1st battalion. He obtained the rank of colonel on 4 June, 1813; was at the storming of San Sebastián
, at the passage of the Nivelle
, where he was again severely wounded — shot through the lung — and at the battles of Orthez
and Toulouse
. In July, 1813 we find him a Knight Commander of the Bath. On 16 February, 1814 Sir Andrew Barnard was appointed to the command of the 2nd or light brigade (the 43rd, 52nd, and 1st Battalion 95th) of the celebrated light division. For his services in Spain and Portugal he received a gold cross and four clasps.
On the resumption of hostilities against Napoleon in 1815, Sir Andrew embarked with six companies of the 1st battalion of the 95th at Dover on 25 April, landed at Ostend
on the 27th, and arrived at Brussels on 12 May. He was present at battle of Quatre Bras
, and was slightly wounded at Waterloo
. For his services in this campaign he was awarded the Russian order of St. George
and the Austrian Military Order of Maria Theresa
. The Duke of Wellington
had so high an opinion of his services that, on the capitulation of Paris, he appointed him commandant of the British division occupying the French capital.
appointed him a groom of the bedchamber, and on 13 June, 1828 promoted him equerry to His Majesty. On 4 June, 1830 he was gazetted one of three ‘commissioners for affixing His Majesty's signature to instruments requiring the same’ (London Gazette, 4 June, 1830). On the accession of William IV
he became clerk-marshal in the royal household, and for many years, until the death of her majesty, he was clerk-marshal to Queen Adelaide
.
Sir Andrew became a major-general on 12 August, 1819, and on 25 August, 1822 Colonel of the Rifle Brigade. He was gazetted a lieutenant-general on 10 January, 1837. On 26 November, 1849 the Duke of Wellington appointed him lieutenant-governor of Chelsea Hospital, and on 11 November, 1851 he obtained the full rank of general.
He had the honorary dignity of M.A. conferred on him by the university of Cambridge
in 1842, and was a governor of the Royal Academy of Music
, of which institution he was one of the early promoters. He was nominated Knight of the Hanoverian Guelphic order
in 1819 and a grand cross in 1833, and a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath in 1840.
obtained permission to see his remains. After they had left the room it was found that the coffin was covered with laurel leaves, for each man, unobserved, had brought in one and laid it on the body of his venerated chief.
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
Sir Andrew Francis Barnard, GCB
Order of the Bath
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the elaborate mediæval ceremony for creating a knight, which involved bathing as one of its elements. The knights so created were known as Knights of the Bath...
, GCH
Royal Guelphic Order
The Royal Guelphic Order, sometimes also referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, is a Hanoverian order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent . It has not been conferred by the British Crown since the death of King William IV in 1837, when the personal union of the...
(1773 – 17 January 1855) was an Irish-born, British Army
British Army
The British Army is the land warfare branch of Her Majesty's Armed Forces in the United Kingdom. It came into being with the unification of the Kingdom of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army incorporated Regiments that had already existed in England...
officer. He served in various capacities in the West Indies, the Cape of Good Hope
Cape of Good Hope
The Cape of Good Hope is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.There is a misconception that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa, because it was once believed to be the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In fact, the...
, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
and in the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
including the Battle of Waterloo
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
for which service he was highly decorated. After his retirement from active duty, he served in a number of civilian positions, being promoted to general four years before his death.
Biography
Barnard was born at FahanFahan
Fahan is a district of Inishowen, in County Donegal, located five kilometres south of Buncrana. In Irish, Fahan is named after its patron saint, St...
, County Donegal
County Donegal
County Donegal is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Border Region and is also located in the province of Ulster. It is named after the town of Donegal. Donegal County Council is the local authority for the county...
, Northern Ireland. He was the son of the Rev. Dr. Henry Barnard, of Bovagh, County Londonderry (second son of William Barnard, Bishop of Derry
William Barnard (bishop)
William Barnard was an Anglican bishop, Bishop of Derry from 1747 until his death.Barnard was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1721. He became vicar of St. Bride's, Fleet Street in 1729, and prebendary of Westminster in 1732...
, and brother of Thomas Barnard, Bishop of Limerick), by his second wife, Sarah neé Robertson of Bannbrook, County Londonderry
County Londonderry
The place name Derry is an anglicisation of the old Irish Daire meaning oak-grove or oak-wood. As with the city, its name is subject to the Derry/Londonderry name dispute, with the form Derry preferred by nationalists and Londonderry preferred by unionists...
.
Early career
He entered the army in Scotland as an ensign in the 90th Regiment of Foot90th Regiment of Foot (Perthshire Volunteers)
The 90th Regiment of Foot was a Scottish infantry regiment of the British Army, active from 1794 to 1881.The 90th was raised in 1794 for service during the French Revolutionary Wars, and later the Napoleonic Wars. In the post-war period the regiment saw action inSouth Africa, serving in the 7th...
in August, 1794, became a lieutenant in the 81st Regiment of Foot
81st Regiment of Foot (Loyal Lincoln Volunteers)
The 81st Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1793 and amalgamated into The Loyal North Lancashire Regiment in 1881.-Raising of the Regiment:...
in September and a captain in November of the same year. He served in St. Domingo from April till August, 1795, and on 2 December was transferred to the 55th Regiment.
He served in the expedition to the West Indies under Sir Ralph Abercromby
Ralph Abercromby
Sir Ralph Abercromby was a Scottish soldier and politician. He rose to the rank of lieutenant-general in the British Army, was noted for his services during the Napoleonic Wars, and served as Commander-in-Chief, Ireland.He twice served as MP for Clackmannanshire and Kinross-shire, and was...
, and was present at the reduction of Morne Fortune
Morne Fortune
Morne Fortune is a hill and residential area located south of Castries, Saint Lucia in the West Indies. Originally it was a fort constructed by the French, it was captured by the British on 24th May 1796. A memorial to the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers still stands commemorating the battle...
in May, 1796.
In 1799 he accompanied the expedition to the Helder, and was present at the actions of 27 August, 10 September, and 2 and 6 October.
On 19 December he was gazetted lieutenant and captain in the 1st Regiment of Footguards (now the Grenadier Guards
Grenadier Guards
The Grenadier Guards is an infantry regiment of the British Army. It is the most senior regiment of the Guards Division and, as such, is the most senior regiment of infantry. It is not, however, the most senior regiment of the Army, this position being attributed to the Life Guards...
), obtained the rank of Major on 1 January, 1805, embarked with the 1st brigade of guards for Sicily in 1806, and returned to England in September, 1807.
On 28 January, 1808 he became a lieutenant-colonel in the army, and was appointed Inspecting Field Officer of Militia in North America. He embarked for Canada in July 1808, was gazetted into the 1st Royals on 18 December, and returned to England in August 1809.
Containing the services and progress of promotion of the generals, lieuteneant-generals, major-generals, colonels, lieutenant-colonels, and majors of the army, according to senioroty: with details of the principal military events of the last century. Vol. IV. (1820) Military Library, Whitehall, London (digitized by Google Books)
Napoleonic wars
On 29 March, 1810 he exchanged into the 95th Rifles, now called the Rifle Brigade, and with the glories of that distinguished regiment his name was henceforth linked. He was appointed to the command of the 3rd battalion, which had lately been raised, and on 11 July, 1810 he embarked with the headquarters and two companies in the frigate HMS MercuryHMS Mercury (1779)
HMS Mercury was a 28-gun Enterprise-class sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She was built during the American War of Independence and serving during the later years of that conflict...
, and landed on the 29th at Cadiz
Cádiz
Cadiz is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the homonymous province, one of eight which make up the autonomous community of Andalusia....
, which was then besieged by Marshal Victor. He commanded his battalion at the Battle of Barrosa
Battle of Barrosa
The Battle of Barrosa was an unsuccessful French attack on a larger Anglo-Portuguese-Spanish force attempting to lift the siege of Cádiz, Spain during the Peninsular War...
, where he was wounded twice, once severely; was present at the sieges of Ciudad Rodrigo
Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo
In the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, the Duke of Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese Army seized the city from its French garrison under Brigadier General Baron Barrié on January 20, 1812 after a siege that started on January 7...
and Badajoz, and at the battles of Salamanca
Battle of Salamanca
The Battle of Salamanca saw Anglo-Portuguese and Spanish armies under the Duke of Wellington defeat Marshal Auguste Marmont's French forces among the hills around Arapiles south of Salamanca, Spain on July 22, 1812 during the Peninsular War....
and Vittoria. Soon after the capture of Badajos he was transferred to the 1st battalion. He obtained the rank of colonel on 4 June, 1813; was at the storming of San Sebastián
Siege of San Sebastian
In the Siege of San Sebastián Allied forces under the command of General Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington captured the city of San Sebastián in northern Spain from its French garrison under Brigadier-General Louis Rey...
, at the passage of the Nivelle
Battle of Nivelle
The Battle of Nivelle took place in front of the River Nivelle near the end of the Peninsular War . After the Allied siege of San Sebastian, Wellington's 80,000 British, Portuguese and Spanish troops were in hot pursuit of Marshal Soult who only had 60,000 men to place in a 20-mile perimeter...
, where he was again severely wounded — shot through the lung — and at the battles of Orthez
Battle of Orthez
The Battle of Orthez saw the Anglo-Portuguese Army under Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington defeat a French army led by Marshal Nicolas Soult in southern France near the end of the Peninsular War.-Preliminaries:...
and Toulouse
Battle of Toulouse (1814)
The Battle of Toulouse was one of the final battles of the Napoleonic Wars, four days after Napoleon's surrender of the French Empire to the nations of the Sixth Coalition...
. In July, 1813 we find him a Knight Commander of the Bath. On 16 February, 1814 Sir Andrew Barnard was appointed to the command of the 2nd or light brigade (the 43rd, 52nd, and 1st Battalion 95th) of the celebrated light division. For his services in Spain and Portugal he received a gold cross and four clasps.
On the resumption of hostilities against Napoleon in 1815, Sir Andrew embarked with six companies of the 1st battalion of the 95th at Dover on 25 April, landed at Ostend
Ostend
Ostend is a Belgian city and municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke , Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast....
on the 27th, and arrived at Brussels on 12 May. He was present at battle of Quatre Bras
Battle of Quatre Bras
The Battle of Quatre Bras, between Wellington's Anglo-Dutch army and the left wing of the Armée du Nord under Marshal Michel Ney, was fought near the strategic crossroads of Quatre Bras on 16 June 1815.- Prelude :...
, and was slightly wounded at Waterloo
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
. For his services in this campaign he was awarded the Russian order of St. George
Order of St. George
The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George (also known as Order of St. George the Triumphant, Russian: Военный орден Св...
and the Austrian Military Order of Maria Theresa
Military Order of Maria Theresa
The Military Order of Maria Theresa was an Order of the Austro-Hungarian Empire founded on June 18, 1757, the day of the Battle of Kolin, by the Empress...
. The Duke of Wellington
Duke of Wellington
The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title in the senior rank of the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first holder of the title was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington , the noted Irish-born career British Army officer and statesman, and...
had so high an opinion of his services that, on the capitulation of Paris, he appointed him commandant of the British division occupying the French capital.
Honours
In 1821 King George IVGeorge IV of the United Kingdom
George IV was the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and also of Hanover from the death of his father, George III, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later...
appointed him a groom of the bedchamber, and on 13 June, 1828 promoted him equerry to His Majesty. On 4 June, 1830 he was gazetted one of three ‘commissioners for affixing His Majesty's signature to instruments requiring the same’ (London Gazette, 4 June, 1830). On the accession of William IV
William IV of the United Kingdom
William IV was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death...
he became clerk-marshal in the royal household, and for many years, until the death of her majesty, he was clerk-marshal to Queen Adelaide
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and of Hanover as spouse of William IV of the United Kingdom. Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia, is named after her.-Early life:Adelaide was born on 13 August 1792 at Meiningen, Thuringia, Germany...
.
Sir Andrew became a major-general on 12 August, 1819, and on 25 August, 1822 Colonel of the Rifle Brigade. He was gazetted a lieutenant-general on 10 January, 1837. On 26 November, 1849 the Duke of Wellington appointed him lieutenant-governor of Chelsea Hospital, and on 11 November, 1851 he obtained the full rank of general.
He had the honorary dignity of M.A. conferred on him by the university of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
in 1842, and was a governor of the Royal Academy of Music
Royal Academy of Music
The Royal Academy of Music in London, England, is a conservatoire, Britain's oldest degree-granting music school and a constituent college of the University of London since 1999. The Academy was founded by Lord Burghersh in 1822 with the help and ideas of the French harpist and composer Nicolas...
, of which institution he was one of the early promoters. He was nominated Knight of the Hanoverian Guelphic order
Royal Guelphic Order
The Royal Guelphic Order, sometimes also referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, is a Hanoverian order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent . It has not been conferred by the British Crown since the death of King William IV in 1837, when the personal union of the...
in 1819 and a grand cross in 1833, and a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath in 1840.
Death
He died at Chelsea on 17 January, 1855. Prior to the funeral those of the pensioners who had served under him in the PeninsulaPeninsular War
The Peninsular War was a war between France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war began when French and Spanish armies crossed Spain and invaded Portugal in 1807. Then, in 1808, France turned on its...
obtained permission to see his remains. After they had left the room it was found that the coffin was covered with laurel leaves, for each man, unobserved, had brought in one and laid it on the body of his venerated chief.