Angika language
Encyclopedia
Angika is an Indo-Iranian language
of the Anga
region of India
, a 58,000 km² area approx. that falls within the states
of Bihar
, Jharkhand
and West Bengal
.
Besides India, Angika is also spoken in Tarai region of Nepal
, Cambodia
, Vietnam
, Malaysia and other Southeast Asia
n countries. A sizeable Angika speaking population exists in countries such as the United States
, the United Kingdom
and Gulf Countries. Angika is among very few languages of the world in which Google
Search Engine is available to search the available web pages on the internet.
Demand for inclusion of Angika language in the Eighth Schedule is pending with the Government. Article 351 of the Constitution of India provides that it shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India and to secure its enrichment by assimilating without interfering with its genius, the forms, style and expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily, on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
Ethnologue
report puts the number of Angika speakers at 725,000 (in 1997), others claim that the number is as high as 3 to 4 Crore (30 to 40 million).
, the evidences of oldest form of
written Angika literature are available in the Saraha
’s Angika poetry of 800 A.D.
Angika is considered very close to the Maithili language, and was classified by Sir George A. Grierson as a dialectal variant of it, which he termed as "Chikka-Chikki".http://books.google.com/books?id=Itp2twGR6tsC&pg=PA196&dq=angika+language It has affinity to the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, such as Bengali
, Oriya
, and Assamese
. It had been traditionally classified as a "Bihari languages
," which includes Angika, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Maithili, and Vajjika), though it has ancient history of being an independent language and dialect.http://books.google.com/books?id=Itp2twGR6tsC&pg=PA12&vq=angika&dq=angika+language&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0. The name Angika first appeared in the 1961 census.http://books.google.com/books?id=Itp2twGR6tsC&pg=PA241&vq=angika&dq=angika+language&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0#PPA422,M1 Angika is highly intelligible with other Bihari languages.
Verbs in Angika are similar to those of Bengali
. For example "dangaybey" in Angika is same as "daangabay" in Bengali , "kanay chhai" in Angika is same as "kaanchey" in Bengali etc.
Angika , Maithili
, Assamese
, Bengali
and Oriya
and are sister languages.
Similarity between these sister languages can be observed in the following sample sentence constructions.
One common feature is that the sound ca appears at the end of a verb, for instance, hamma ja'ychhiye ("I am going") in Angika, ham ja'ycham in Maithili, ami jacchi in Bengali, mo ja'yche in Assamese, and mu ja'uchi in Oriya. Similarly, there is the sound la as the verb ending in the past tense; for example, for "I went": hamma ga'yliyay in Angika, ham ga'yliiye in Maithili, a'mi gela'm in Bengali, man galo in Assamese. Similarly, in the future tense, the va sound occurs as a verb ending; for example, hamma ja'ybow in Angika, ham jaybae in Maithili, a'mi ja'bo in Bengali.
script, although in ancient period Anga Lipi
and later on Kaithi
were used historically.
Jharkhand
West Bengal
Other South-East Asian countries
Elsewhere
People of Anga
region in Bihar (mainly from Bhagalpur
) prefer to go to Kolkata
for jobs/higher studies or other purposes because of socio-cultural affinity with West Bengal
.
Indo-Iranian languages
The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It consists of three language groups: the Indo-Aryan, Iranian and Nuristani...
of the Anga
Anga
Anga was a kingdom that flourished on the eastern Indian subcontinent in the 6th century BCE until taken over by Magadha in the same century. Counted among the "sixteen great nations" in Buddhist texts like the Anguttara Nikaya, Anga also finds mention in the Jain Vyakhyaprajnapti’s list of...
region of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, a 58,000 km² area approx. that falls within the states
States and territories of India
India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.-List of states and territories:...
of Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
, Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east...
and West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. A major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's GDP...
.
Besides India, Angika is also spoken in Tarai region of Nepal
Nepal
Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
, Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
, Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
, Malaysia and other Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
n countries. A sizeable Angika speaking population exists in countries such as the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
and Gulf Countries. Angika is among very few languages of the world in which Google
Google
Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program...
Search Engine is available to search the available web pages on the internet.
Demand for inclusion of Angika language in the Eighth Schedule is pending with the Government. Article 351 of the Constitution of India provides that it shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India and to secure its enrichment by assimilating without interfering with its genius, the forms, style and expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily, on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
Speakers
Estimates of Angika speakers vary. While SILSIL International
SIL International is a U.S.-based, worldwide, Christian non-profit organization, whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages,...
Ethnologue
Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International , a Christian linguistic service organization, which studies lesser-known languages, to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language and support their efforts in language development.The Ethnologue...
report puts the number of Angika speakers at 725,000 (in 1997), others claim that the number is as high as 3 to 4 Crore (30 to 40 million).
History
Angika is considered as oldest dialect of Bangla family. According to Rahul SankrityayanRahul Sankrityayan
Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan , who is called the Father of Hindi Travel literature, was one of the most widely-traveled scholars of India, spending forty-five years of his life on travels away from his home. He became a buddhist monk and eventually took up Marxist Socialism...
, the evidences of oldest form of
written Angika literature are available in the Saraha
Saraha
Saraha , Sarahapa , or Sarahapāda , originally known as Rāhula or Rāhulbhadra, was the first sahajiya and one of the Mahasiddhas, and is considered to be one of the founders of Buddhist Vajrayana, and particularly of the Mahamudra tradition. His dohas are compiled in Dohakośa, the 'Treasury of...
’s Angika poetry of 800 A.D.
Angika is considered very close to the Maithili language, and was classified by Sir George A. Grierson as a dialectal variant of it, which he termed as "Chikka-Chikki".http://books.google.com/books?id=Itp2twGR6tsC&pg=PA196&dq=angika+language It has affinity to the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, such as Bengali
Bengali language
Bengali or Bangla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. It is written with the Bengali script...
, Oriya
Oriya language
Oriya , officially Odia from November, 2011, is an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. It is mainly spoken in the Indian states of Orissa and West Bengal...
, and Assamese
Assamese language
Assamese is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language. It is used mainly in the state of Assam in North-East India. It is also the official language of Assam. It is also spoken in parts of Arunachal Pradesh and other northeast Indian states. Nagamese, an Assamese-based Creole language is widely used in...
. It had been traditionally classified as a "Bihari languages
Bihari languages
Bihari is a name given to the western group of Eastern Indic languages, spoken in Bihar and neighboring states in India. Angika, Bajjika, Bhojpuri, Magahi, and Maithili are spoken in Nepal as well. The Angika, Bajjika, Bhojpuri, Magahi and Maithili speaking population form more than 21% of Nepalese...
," which includes Angika, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Maithili, and Vajjika), though it has ancient history of being an independent language and dialect.http://books.google.com/books?id=Itp2twGR6tsC&pg=PA12&vq=angika&dq=angika+language&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0. The name Angika first appeared in the 1961 census.http://books.google.com/books?id=Itp2twGR6tsC&pg=PA241&vq=angika&dq=angika+language&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0#PPA422,M1 Angika is highly intelligible with other Bihari languages.
Verbs in Angika are similar to those of Bengali
Bengali language
Bengali or Bangla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. It is written with the Bengali script...
. For example "dangaybey" in Angika is same as "daangabay" in Bengali , "kanay chhai" in Angika is same as "kaanchey" in Bengali etc.
Angika , Maithili
Maithili
Maithili may refer to:* Maithili language, a language spoken in the eastern part of India and south - eastern part of Nepal and it is a second national language of Nepal. It belongs to the ancient Kingdom Mithila....
, Assamese
Assamese language
Assamese is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language. It is used mainly in the state of Assam in North-East India. It is also the official language of Assam. It is also spoken in parts of Arunachal Pradesh and other northeast Indian states. Nagamese, an Assamese-based Creole language is widely used in...
, Bengali
Bengali language
Bengali or Bangla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. It is written with the Bengali script...
and Oriya
Oriya language
Oriya , officially Odia from November, 2011, is an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. It is mainly spoken in the Indian states of Orissa and West Bengal...
and are sister languages.
Similarity between these sister languages can be observed in the following sample sentence constructions.
One common feature is that the sound ca appears at the end of a verb, for instance, hamma ja'ychhiye ("I am going") in Angika, ham ja'ycham in Maithili, ami jacchi in Bengali, mo ja'yche in Assamese, and mu ja'uchi in Oriya. Similarly, there is the sound la as the verb ending in the past tense; for example, for "I went": hamma ga'yliyay in Angika, ham ga'yliiye in Maithili, a'mi gela'm in Bengali, man galo in Assamese. Similarly, in the future tense, the va sound occurs as a verb ending; for example, hamma ja'ybow in Angika, ham jaybae in Maithili, a'mi ja'bo in Bengali.
Writing System
Angika is commonly written in the DevanagariDevanagari
Devanagari |deva]]" and "nāgarī" ), also called Nagari , is an abugida alphabet of India and Nepal...
script, although in ancient period Anga Lipi
Anga Lipi
-Etymology & History:Anga referred to a region in what is now Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal states of India, and Lipi meant script.Anga Script is mentioned in an ancient Sanskrit language Buddhist book "Lalitvistar" , which says Anga Lipi was one of the most important scripts among 64 other scripts...
and later on Kaithi
Kaithi
Kaithi , also called "Kayathi" or "Kayasthi", is the name of a historical script used widely in parts of North India, primarily in the former North-Western Provinces, Oudh and Bihar...
were used historically.
Alternate Names
Various alternate names for the language are used:- Aangi,
- Angikar,
- Chheka-Chhiki,
- Chhai-chhow
- Bhagalpuri,
- Chekari.
Dialects
Dialects of Angika include:- Deshi,
- Dakhnaha,
- Mungeria,
- Devgharia,
- Gidhhoria,
- Surjapuri, (spoken in KishanganjKishanganjKishanganj is headquarters of Kishanganj district in the Indian state of Bihar.-Geography:Kishanganj is a town and district headquarter of Kishangnj district in Purnea division of Bihar state, but gographically and culturally it is part of the north Bengal.It is part of the chicken neck of Indian...
District and BarsoiBarsoiBarsoi is head quarters of a subdivision in Katihar district in the state of Bihar.It is an important railway junction under Katihar division Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways....
subdivison of Katihar District) - Khortha, (spoken in North Chotanagpur divisionNorth Chotanagpur divisionNorth Chotanagpur division is one of the five divisions in the Indian state of Jharkhand.The division comprises the following districts: Bokaro district, Chatra district, Dhanbad district, Giridih district, Hazaribagh district, Koderma district and Ramgarh district. It was earlier part of Chota...
of Jharkhand , Khortha is a blend of Bengali, Magahi and Angika) - Dharampuria.
Demography / Current Use
Eastern & North-Eastern Bihar- Bhagalpur DistrictBhagalpur DistrictBhagalpur district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Bhagalpur town is the administrative headquarters of this district.-Geography:...
, Katihar DistrictKatihar DistrictKatihar district is one of the thirty-seven districts of Bihar state, India, and Katihar town is the administrative headquarters of this district...
, Purnia DistrictPurnia DistrictPurnia district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. The town of Purnia is the administrative headquarters of this district.Purnia district is a part of Purnia Division...
, Banka DistrictBanka DistrictBanka is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar in India.-History:Banka is the homeland of great revolutionary Satish Prasad Jha, one of seven martyrs who hoisted the flag of India at the Secretariat building near Patna on 11 August 1942. Jha was born in Khadihara near Dhakamod, Banka...
, Madhepura DistrictMadhepura DistrictMadhepura district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Madhepura town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Madhepura district is a part of Kosi division.-History:...
, Jamui DistrictJamui DistrictJamui is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. The district was formed as a District on 21 February 1991 as a result of its separation from Munger district. It is located at a longitude of 86º-13'E and the latitude is 24º-55'N....
,and Munger DistrictMunger DistrictMunger district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state in eastern India. Munger town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Munger district is a part of Munger Division. Its literacy rate of 73.3% is higher than the state literacy rate of 63.8% and lower than national...
.
Jharkhand
- Sahebganj DistrictSahebganj DistrictSahibganj district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Sahibganj is the administrative headquarters of this district.-History:...
, Godda DistrictGodda DistrictGodda district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. It lies in the northeastern part of the state. The geographical area that now comprises Godda district was formerly part of the erstwhile Santhal Parganas district. Godda town is the headquarters of Godda...
,and Deoghar DistrictDeoghar DistrictDeoghar district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India, and Deoghar town is the administrative headquarters of this district. This district is known for the Baidyanath Jyotirlinga shrine...
.
West Bengal
- Malda DistrictMalda districtMalda district is a district of West Bengal, India. It lies 347 km north of Kolkata, the state capital. Mango and silk are notable products of this district. The special variety of mango produced in this region, popularly known by the name of the district, is exported across the world and...
and Uttar Dinajpur district.
Other South-East Asian countries
- CambodiaCambodiaCambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
, VietnamVietnamVietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
, Malaysia and others: all well established.
Elsewhere
- A large number of Angika speakers have migrated to the Persian GulfPersian GulfThe Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.The Persian Gulf was the focus of the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers...
, the United KingdomUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, the United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, CanadaCanadaCanada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
and other countries. Also a substantial portion of the Angika-speaking population has settled elsewhere in IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, mainly in MumbaiMumbaiMumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
, DelhiDelhiDelhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
, KolkataKolkataKolkata , formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it was the commercial capital of East India...
, Baroda, SuratSuratSurat , also known as Suryapur, is the commercial capital city of the Indian state of Gujarat. Surat is India's Eighth most populous city and Ninth-most populous urban agglomeration. It is also administrative capital of Surat district and one of the fastest growing cities in India. The city proper...
, ChandigarhChandigarhChandigarh is a union territory of India that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name is from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, in the city...
, Ludhiana, Jamshedpur and BokaroBokaro Steel CityBokaro Steel City is one of the largest Industrial city situated in the State of Jharkhand, in India. Bokaro is the 48th cleanest city in India and second in Jharkhand after Jamshedpur and one of the best cities to live in India...
.
People of Anga
Anga
Anga was a kingdom that flourished on the eastern Indian subcontinent in the 6th century BCE until taken over by Magadha in the same century. Counted among the "sixteen great nations" in Buddhist texts like the Anguttara Nikaya, Anga also finds mention in the Jain Vyakhyaprajnapti’s list of...
region in Bihar (mainly from Bhagalpur
Bhagalpur
Bhagdattpuram was one of the most influential towns in "Aryavarta" . It is supposed to have been concurrent to Patliputra or Patna. Bhagdattpuram finds its mention in the Vedas and Ramayana as well. It is supposed to be the kingdom of Daanvir Karna, the son of Kunti and the Sun God...
) prefer to go to Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata , formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it was the commercial capital of East India...
for jobs/higher studies or other purposes because of socio-cultural affinity with West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. A major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's GDP...
.
Google Search Engine in Angika
A Google Search Engine, is available in Angika language which provides a rare distinct identity to this language. This Search Engine is available since the year 2003.Angika cinema
The first Angika language film released on 27 April 2007 in Laxmi Talkies, Khagaria, Bihar. The name of this film is "Khagaria Vali Bhouji".http://www.angika.com/angika_angika_cinema_kvb_premier_show.htm The first ever completed feature film of Angika Language, however, is "Khissa Chando Bihula Bishari Ke", which is still to be released. A new Angika film, "Ang Putra" has been released in April 2010. Angika folk singer Sunil Chailaa Bihari plays lead role in the film.http://www.angika.com/angika_anga_prasang_angika_film_anga_putra_shooting.htmAngika literature
Suman Soorow,Ashwini (Click Here), Permanand Pandey, Vidyabhushan Venu, Amrendra, , Khushilal Manjar, Vimal Vidrohi, Ram Sharma Anal, Naresh Pandey- 'Chakore', Kundan Amitabh, Abhaykant Choudhary, are among prominent scholars of Angika Language who have contributed lots in Angika Literature. Hundreds of standard literary books are available in angika language.Comparison of Common Words with Eastern Indian Languages/Dialects
| Angika | Hindi | Bhojpuri | Maithili | Magahi | Bajjika |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| हम्मॆ | मैं/हम | हम | हम | हम | हम |
| आपनॆ | आप | रउआ | अहाँ | अपने | अपने |
| हमरॊ | मेरा/हमारा | हमार | हम्मर | हमर | हम्मर |
Vote for Angika Wikipedia
See also
- Anga LipiAnga Lipi-Etymology & History:Anga referred to a region in what is now Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal states of India, and Lipi meant script.Anga Script is mentioned in an ancient Sanskrit language Buddhist book "Lalitvistar" , which says Anga Lipi was one of the most important scripts among 64 other scripts...
- Languages of NepalLanguages of NepalThere are some 120 native languages of Nepal, belonging to the Indo-Aryan, Sino-Tibetan, Austro-Asiatic and Dravidian language families.The official language of Nepal is Nepali , formerly called Khaskura then Gorkhali. The 2001 census counted 11 million native speakers in Nepal and it is spoken as...
- Brāhmī scriptBrāhmī scriptBrāhmī is the modern name given to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of scripts. The best-known Brāhmī inscriptions are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka in north-central India, dated to the 3rd century BCE. These are traditionally considered to be early known examples of Brāhmī writing...
- KaithiKaithiKaithi , also called "Kayathi" or "Kayasthi", is the name of a historical script used widely in parts of North India, primarily in the former North-Western Provinces, Oudh and Bihar...
- Middle Indo-Aryan languagesMiddle Indo-Aryan languagesThe Middle Indo-Aryan languages are the early medieval dialects of the Indo-Aryan languages, the descendants of the Old Indo-Aryan dialects such as Vedic & Classical Sanskrit, and the predecessors of the late medieval languages such as Apabhramsha or Abahatta, which eventually evolved into the...
- AngaAngaAnga was a kingdom that flourished on the eastern Indian subcontinent in the 6th century BCE until taken over by Magadha in the same century. Counted among the "sixteen great nations" in Buddhist texts like the Anguttara Nikaya, Anga also finds mention in the Jain Vyakhyaprajnapti’s list of...
- Manjusha ArtManjusha ArtManjushas are temple-shaped boxes, Containg 8 -Pillars.They are made of bamboo,jute and paper.They also contains Painting of Gods and Goddesses and Other Characters.These boxes are used in Bishahari puja -A festival Dedicated to Snake God,Celebrated in Bhagalpur,India.-Origin:According to legend,...