Black Monday
Encyclopedia
Black Monday is a term used to refer to certain events which occur on a Monday. It has been used in the following cases:
- Black Monday, Dublin, 1209 – when a group of 500 recently arrived settlers from Bristol were massacred by warriors of the GaelicGaelic IrelandGaelic Ireland is the name given to the period when a Gaelic political order existed in Ireland. The order continued to exist after the arrival of the Anglo-Normans until about 1607 AD...
O'Byrne clan. The group had left the safety of the walled city of Dublin to celebrate Easter Monday near a wood at RanelaghRanelaghRanelagh is a residential area and urban village on the south side of Dublin, Ireland. It is in the postal district of Dublin 6. It is in the local government electoral area of Rathmines and the Dáil Constituency of Dublin South-East.-History:...
, when they were attacked without warning. Although now a relatively obscure event in history, it was commemorated by a mustering of the MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
, SheriffHigh SheriffA high sheriff is, or was, a law enforcement officer in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States.In England and Wales, the office is unpaid and partly ceremonial, appointed by the Crown through a warrant from the Privy Council. In Cornwall, the High Sheriff is appointed by the Duke of...
s and soldiers on the day as a challenge to the native tribes for centuries afterwards. - Black Monday, 14 April 1360 – the army of Edward IIIEdward III of EnglandEdward III was King of England from 1327 until his death and is noted for his military success. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe...
during the Hundred Years' WarHundred Years' WarThe Hundred Years' War was a series of separate wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings...
was struck by hailstorms, lightning and panic, causing considerable loss of life on Easter Monday. - Black Monday, 27 February 1865 – a "sirocco" wind brought sandstorms to Melbourne, Australia affecting Sandhurst and Castlemaine.
- Black Monday, 8 February 1886 – when a major protest over unemploymentUnemploymentUnemployment , as defined by the International Labour Organization, occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively sought work within the past four weeks...
led to a riotRiotA riot is a form of civil disorder characterized often by what is thought of as disorganized groups lashing out in a sudden and intense rash of violence against authority, property or people. While individuals may attempt to lead or control a riot, riots are thought to be typically chaotic and...
in Pall Mall, LondonPall Mall, LondonPall Mall is a street in the City of Westminster, London, and parallel to The Mall, from St. James's Street across Waterloo Place to the Haymarket; while Pall Mall East continues into Trafalgar Square. The street is a major thoroughfare in the St James's area of London, and a section of the...
. - Black MondayBlack Monday (1894)The Bank Crash of 1894 called Black Monday was one of the turning points in Newfoundland's early history.The financial woes of the former British colony were worsened when two of the commercial banks of Newfoundland, the Union Bank of Newfoundland and the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland , both...
, December 10, 1894 – when both banks of Newfoundland, Britain’s oldest colonyColonyIn politics and history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a state. For colonies in antiquity, city-states would often found their own colonies. Some colonies were historically countries, while others were territories without definite statehood from their inception....
, had closed their doors, thus rendering that colony’s main medium of exchange worthless. - Black Monday, 28 October 1929 – a day in the Wall Street Crash of 1929Wall Street Crash of 1929The Wall Street Crash of 1929 , also known as the Great Crash, and the Stock Market Crash of 1929, was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its fallout...
, which also saw major stock market upheaval. - Black Monday, 27 May 1935 – US Supreme Court Justices overturned multiple Acts including National Industrial Recovery Act.
- Black MondayDeindustrialization of Youngstown, OhioThe deindustrialization of Youngstown, Ohio was the deindustrialization of the city of Youngstown, Ohio and surrounding areas, starting on September 19, 1977 and continuing into the mid 1980s...
, September 19, 1977 – when Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, one of AmericaUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
's largest regional steel-manufacturingSteel millA steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel.Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is produced in a two-stage process. First, iron ore is reduced or smelted with coke and limestone in a blast furnace, producing molten iron which is either cast into pig iron or...
firms, announced that it would shut down most of its operations in the vicinity of Youngstown, OhioYoungstown, OhioYoungstown is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Mahoning County; it also extends into Trumbull County. The municipality is situated on the Mahoning River, approximately southeast of Cleveland and northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania...
, placing 5,000 people out of work. This development presaged the collapse of that community's industrial economy, from which it still hasn't recovered (as of 2010). - Black Monday, 27 November 1978 - when former San Francisco Supervisor Dan WhiteDan WhiteDaniel James "Dan" White was a San Francisco supervisor who assassinated San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk, on Monday, November 27, 1978, at City Hall...
assassinated Mayor George MosconeGeorge MosconeGeorge Richard Moscone was an American attorney and Democratic politician. He was the 37th mayor of San Francisco, California, US from January 1976 until his assassination in November 1978. Moscone served in the California State Senate from 1967 until becoming Mayor. In the Senate, he served as...
and openly gay Supervisor Harvey MilkHarvey MilkHarvey Bernard Milk was an American politician who became the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California when he won a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors...
. - Black MondayBlack Monday (Malta)Black Monday in Malta refers to 15 October 1979 when the Progress Press and the home of Eddie Fenech Adami, then Leader of the Opposition, were ransacked following a rally by Labour Party.-Background:...
, MaltaMaltaMalta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
, 15 October 1979 – the offices of The Times of MaltaThe Times of MaltaThe Times is a national newspaper published daily in Malta. Founded in 1935, it is the oldest daily newspaper still in circulation. It has the widest circulation and is seen as the daily newspaper of "reference" of the Maltese press...
were set on fire during a political rally. It was also on this day that supporters of the Malta Labour PartyMalta Labour PartyThe Labour Party is, along with the Nationalist Party, one of two major contemporary political parties in Malta. It is the party of opposition in the Maltese House of Representatives where it has thirty-four of the sixty-nine seats.- Party Structure :...
broke into the house of Dr. Edward Fenech Adami. - Black MondayBlack Monday (1987)In finance, Black Monday refers to Monday October 19, 1987, when stock markets around the world crashed, shedding a huge value in a very short time. The crash began in Hong Kong and spread west to Europe, hitting the United States after other markets had already declined by a significant margin...
, 19 October 1987 – the largest one-day percentage decline in recorded stock marketStock marketA stock market or equity market is a public entity for the trading of company stock and derivatives at an agreed price; these are securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.The size of the world stock market was estimated at about $36.6 trillion...
history. - Black Monday, or Al Aqsa Massacre, 8 October 1990.
- Black Monday, 5 December 2005 is a day mourned by surfers everywhere due to the closing of the Clark Foam factory in Laguna Nigel, CA. This factory was the major provider worldwide of foam surfboard blanks.
- The day following the final Sunday of the American National Football LeagueNational Football LeagueThe National Football League is the highest level of professional American football in the United States, and is considered the top professional American football league in the world. It was formed by eleven teams in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association, with the league changing...
season (Week 17) in which coaches and administration are fired or resign their position. The term is also attributed to the day following the annual NFL DraftNFL DraftThe National Football League Draft is an annual event in which the National Football League teams select eligible college football players and it is their most common source of player recruitment. The basic design of the draft is each team is given a position in the drafting order in reverse order...
where players' contracts may be terminated once new players are added to a roster. - The Monday of Match Week when United States 4th year medical students find out if but not where they matched to a residency position through the National Resident Matching ProgramNational Resident Matching ProgramThe National Resident Matching Program is a United States-based non-profit non-governmental organization created in 1952 to help match medical school students with residency programs...
. - Events described by both the Late-2000s recession and the Late-2000s financial crisisLate-2000s financial crisisThe late-2000s financial crisis is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s...
- Black MondayBlack Monday (2011)In finance and investing, Black Monday 2011 refers to August 8, 2011, when US and global stock markets catastrophically crashed following the Friday night credit rating downgrade by Standard and Poor's of the United States sovereign debt from AAA, or "risk free", to AA+. It was the first time in...
, 8 August 2011, US and global stock markets catastrophically crashed following the Friday night credit ratingCredit ratingA credit rating evaluates the credit worthiness of an issuer of specific types of debt, specifically, debt issued by a business enterprise such as a corporation or a government. It is an evaluation made by a credit rating agency of the debt issuers likelihood of default. Credit ratings are...
downgrade by Standard and Poor's of the United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
sovereign debt from AAA, or "risk free", to AA+. By market close, the Dow Jones Industrial AverageDow Jones Industrial AverageThe Dow Jones Industrial Average , also called the Industrial Average, the Dow Jones, the Dow 30, or simply the Dow, is a stock market index, and one of several indices created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Company co-founder Charles Dow...
lost 634.76 points (-5.55%) to close at 10,809.85, the NASDAQNASDAQThe NASDAQ Stock Market, also known as the NASDAQ, is an American stock exchange. "NASDAQ" originally stood for "National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations". It is the second-largest stock exchange by market capitalization in the world, after the New York Stock Exchange. As of...
Composite Index fall 174.72 points (-6.90%) closing at 2,357.69, the S&P 500S&P 500The S&P 500 is a free-float capitalization-weighted index published since 1957 of the prices of 500 large-cap common stocks actively traded in the United States. The stocks included in the S&P 500 are those of large publicly held companies that trade on either of the two largest American stock...
Index shed 79.92 points (-6.66%), and the New York Stock ExchangeNew York Stock ExchangeThe New York Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City, USA. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at 13.39 trillion as of Dec 2010...
lost an astounding 523.02 points (-7.05%), finishing the day at 6,896.05. Both the Dow Jones Industrial AverageDow Jones Industrial AverageThe Dow Jones Industrial Average , also called the Industrial Average, the Dow Jones, the Dow 30, or simply the Dow, is a stock market index, and one of several indices created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Company co-founder Charles Dow...
and the NASDAQNASDAQThe NASDAQ Stock Market, also known as the NASDAQ, is an American stock exchange. "NASDAQ" originally stood for "National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations". It is the second-largest stock exchange by market capitalization in the world, after the New York Stock Exchange. As of...
Composite Index ended the day at their session lows. - An old schoolboys' nickname for the first Monday after the holidays.