CAMPUS (database)
Encyclopedia
CAMPUS is a multilingual database
for the properties of plastics. It is considered worldwide leading regarding the level of standardization
and therefore comparability of plastics properties. It also supports to a large extent diagrams. CAMPUS is based on ISO
standards 10350 for single point value e.g. the density
and 11403 for diagrams, e.g. the Stress–strain curve.
that were dealing with plastics in general. Moreover, the citation of a testing standard alone was not sufficient, to exactly specify a test method let alone the question of sample preparation. Within the same period the personal computer
became widely available and were also used to collect plastics data. Many users, molders and material suppliers did that in parallel and completely independently. Therefore, the question arose how to compare such data.
For all these reasons a DIN committee (DIN-Fachnormkreis) began in 1984 to create a list of preferred test methods for plastics testing (the so-called Grundwertekatalog)) which should fulfill the following constrictions:
In the European standardization community the proposal was further developed under close cooperation with UK, France and West Germany (so-called Tripartite-Forum) within ISO TC61/SC1/WG4 and finally published in 1990 as ISO 10350 and ISO 11403. In the years after these two standard were revised several times, most recently in 2008 resp. 2003.
At the beginning of 1987 the process to speed-up the public awareness for the Grundwertekatalog by developing a unique database format for several raw material suppliers was discussed. This idea was further being discussed within major supply companies of the time such as BASF
, Bayer, Hoechst
and Hüls and they found more advantages:
In march 1987, the first meeting was held between experts from these four companies in order to define the architectural needs for the database development:
In further meetings product requirement specifications were created and a discussion about the naming started. It was finally decided to use the acronym CAMPUS (Computer Aided Material Preselection by Uniform Standards), whereby Preselection shall emphasize that for the final choice of material parts testing is essential as well. The programming began and on February 23, 1988 CAMPUS 1.2 was presented on a press conference held during a VDI
-K conference. Thereby it was also announced, that any raw material supplier could purchase a licence but the customer would get standardized data free of charge. The licence includes a commitment to strongly follow the Grundwertekatalog. It is released by Chemie Wirtschaftsförderungs Gesellschaft mbH (CWFG).
Version 2 and 3
From the beginning CAMPUS had an excellent reputation among experts, which allowed for a quick spread and further development. Already in autumn 1989 a prototype of version 2 was introduced on the K'89 trade show and delivered by mid of 1990. The version had an improved user interface and was extended by further single point values essential for rheological
and thermal calculation programs. For the first time functional dependencies of properties could be shown in diagrams e.g. viscosity
-shear
-diagrams or stress-strain
-diagrams. Due to the limited memory space, a concept was introduced that represented a curve by a couple of spline
nodes. By August 1990, the system was licensed by 22 European plastic suppliers.
The version 3.0 was a completely new development with a modified data structure. It provided much more usability (menus with mouse
-control, searching profile, abbreviations, curve superposition, Postscript
printing, preferences storage) by using new hardware features as well as an extended property catalogue following the latest standard revision. The product texts were extended and the units of measurement
could now be switched between SI
and US
. This version was also the beginning for the globalization
of CAMPUS, because it was no longer licensed by European suppliers only but also by DuPont
and Dow Chemical from the USA.
Version 4
In Asia, particularly in Japan
, there appeared a strong demand for CAMPUS data in 1995. However, the widely used NEC-DOS
did not allow for a direct implementation of the software in Kanji
. Therefore, the overdue development of a Microsoft Windows
based version was initiated. This was 4.0, which also allowed for the inclusion of processing data for plastics. Since there is no technical standard established for this kind of data it was kept separately for each grade and translated in each language. The Version 4.1 would also include DSC
-curves and PVT
-data.
In 1998 the website http://www.campusplastics.com was established. From that time on, the data could be delivered centrally. Before that, each manufacturer had to do it separately. Apparently, all data was available for download and quicker updates. At about the same time MCBase was published as Proprietary software
. This special edition allowed for comparesons between databases from different material suppliers in spreadsheets and diagrams. Moreover, data can be exported towards CAE-applications.
The next milestone was in 2001 the inclusion of data for chemical resistance
. This type of workload is not standardized in its full complexity. Therefore, the members agreed on a list of chemicals, for which they declared the general usability by means of simple symbols like smiley
and stop-sign at 23 °C. This allows for a simple search but does not replace a detailed analysis in specific environments. In the same version the class of TPEs
was included in CAMPUS with their own set of properties. The standards had to be extended first in this manner, see below.
Simultaneously, the online version was extended. 2001 was the beginning of WebView, a web application that allowed the online display of CAMPUS data. Unlike the offline version a quicker, search was possible which was especially intended for occasional users. However, the web functionality and availability of internet connections were generally limited, which is why both versions co-existed. Both versions did not allow the user to search or compare data of more than one manufacturer, which remained the main purpose for MCBase or Material Data Center.
Version 5
With the publication of Version 5, the user interface was updated and the functionality of the internet further included. WebUpdate allowed for the direct update of the database within the application. However, the database itself was only slowly developed, because a high standard was already achieved. A new feature was the implementation of up to three base polymers and up to two filler or reinforcements for blends
. In version 5.1 this methodology was extended for impact modified and flame retardant grades. Moreover, heat aging
data could be included for the first time.
In January of 2010, the version 5.2 was published. This version included several new properties, e.g. light steadiness, extended media steadiness and emission data, and allows for their reporting together with existing data according to VDA
rules 232-201 "Data for Selection of Thermoplastic Materials used in Interior, Exterior and Engine Compartment".
, water
and humidity
. All properties and samples are standardized in ISO 10350 as follows:
Beyond these single point properties CAMPUS offers the temperature dependent stress-strain diagram for TPE grades.
Database
A database is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality , in a way that supports processes requiring this information...
for the properties of plastics. It is considered worldwide leading regarding the level of standardization
Standardization
Standardization is the process of developing and implementing technical standards.The goals of standardization can be to help with independence of single suppliers , compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality....
and therefore comparability of plastics properties. It also supports to a large extent diagrams. CAMPUS is based on ISO
International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization , widely known as ISO, is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded on February 23, 1947, the organization promulgates worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial...
standards 10350 for single point value e.g. the density
Density
The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ . In some cases , density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly called specific weight...
and 11403 for diagrams, e.g. the Stress–strain curve.
Standardization
In the 1980s the European market for thermoplastics compounds was extremely confusing. On one hand, the number of supplied grades went up from 5,000 to 10,000 while on the other hand more than 2,500 technical specifications were published alone by the German DINDeutsches Institut für Normung
is the German national organization for standardization and is that country's ISO member body. DIN is a Registered German Association headquartered in Berlin...
that were dealing with plastics in general. Moreover, the citation of a testing standard alone was not sufficient, to exactly specify a test method let alone the question of sample preparation. Within the same period the personal computer
Personal computer
A personal computer is any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end-user with no intervening computer operator...
became widely available and were also used to collect plastics data. Many users, molders and material suppliers did that in parallel and completely independently. Therefore, the question arose how to compare such data.
For all these reasons a DIN committee (DIN-Fachnormkreis) began in 1984 to create a list of preferred test methods for plastics testing (the so-called Grundwertekatalog)) which should fulfill the following constrictions:
- definition of sample preparation procedures for a small number of samples shapes
- selection of meaningful test methods with potential for international standardization.
In the European standardization community the proposal was further developed under close cooperation with UK, France and West Germany (so-called Tripartite-Forum) within ISO TC61/SC1/WG4 and finally published in 1990 as ISO 10350 and ISO 11403. In the years after these two standard were revised several times, most recently in 2008 resp. 2003.
Software development
The early daysAt the beginning of 1987 the process to speed-up the public awareness for the Grundwertekatalog by developing a unique database format for several raw material suppliers was discussed. This idea was further being discussed within major supply companies of the time such as BASF
BASF
BASF SE is the largest chemical company in the world and is headquartered in Germany. BASF originally stood for Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik . Today, the four letters are a registered trademark and the company is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, and Zurich Stock...
, Bayer, Hoechst
Hoechst
Hoechst or Höchst may refer to:* Hoechst AG, a former German life-sciences company* Hoechst stain, one of a family of fluorescent DNA-binding compounds* Höchst , Germany* Höchst im Odenwald, Germany* Höchst, Austria...
and Hüls and they found more advantages:
- fulfill the customer demand for comparable data
- replace variety of brochures and datasheets with one database
- accelerate update process
- simplify material pre-selection for plastics (search function)
- establishment of a single standard, even for other supplier
In march 1987, the first meeting was held between experts from these four companies in order to define the architectural needs for the database development:
- easy access to database: which, at that time this meant a PC application distributed by floppy discs
- easy user interface: self explaining menus and a consistent helping system regardless of the material supplier
- separate data records: the data maintenance shall remain the responsibility of each supplier
- low cost: at that time this was an argument against a centralized client-server-architecture.
- wide usability: IBM-compatible PCs fulfilled this item best; Multi language support was aspired
- easy updating: new releases could be distributed by floppy discs about one or two times a year while brochures could only be printed in longer periods. Though it was already seen that a centralized client-server-architecture would be even more beneficial in respect to release frequency.
In further meetings product requirement specifications were created and a discussion about the naming started. It was finally decided to use the acronym CAMPUS (Computer Aided Material Preselection by Uniform Standards), whereby Preselection shall emphasize that for the final choice of material parts testing is essential as well. The programming began and on February 23, 1988 CAMPUS 1.2 was presented on a press conference held during a VDI
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure is an organization of 139,000 engineers and natural scientists.Established in 1856, the VDI is today the largest engineering association in Western Europe....
-K conference. Thereby it was also announced, that any raw material supplier could purchase a licence but the customer would get standardized data free of charge. The licence includes a commitment to strongly follow the Grundwertekatalog. It is released by Chemie Wirtschaftsförderungs Gesellschaft mbH (CWFG).
| 1.2 | 1988-02-23 | First version; text based |
| 2.0 | 1990 | Graphics for diagrams |
| 3.0 | 1994 | DOS-Menus and Mouse control, new data format |
| 4.0 | 1996 | First MS-Windows Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal... version |
| 4.1 | 1998 | further physical multipoint records defined |
| 4.5 | 2001 | Chemical resistance and TPEs Thermoplastic elastomer Thermoplastic elastomers , sometimes referred to as thermoplastic rubbers, are a class of copolymers or a physical mix of polymers which consist of materials with both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties... included |
| 5.0 | 2004 | Multi base polymers; WebUpdate function |
| 5.1 | 2007 | Additive designation, Heat Aging |
- Overview on the version history for the CAMPUS software
Version 2 and 3
From the beginning CAMPUS had an excellent reputation among experts, which allowed for a quick spread and further development. Already in autumn 1989 a prototype of version 2 was introduced on the K'89 trade show and delivered by mid of 1990. The version had an improved user interface and was extended by further single point values essential for rheological
Rheology
Rheology is the study of the flow of matter, primarily in the liquid state, but also as 'soft solids' or solids under conditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to an applied force....
and thermal calculation programs. For the first time functional dependencies of properties could be shown in diagrams e.g. viscosity
Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear or tensile stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity...
-shear
Shear strength
Shear strength in engineering is a term used to describe the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure where the material or component fails in shear. A shear load is a force that tends to produce a sliding failure on a material along a plane that is...
-diagrams or stress-strain
Deformation (mechanics)
Deformation in continuum mechanics is the transformation of a body from a reference configuration to a current configuration. A configuration is a set containing the positions of all particles of the body...
-diagrams. Due to the limited memory space, a concept was introduced that represented a curve by a couple of spline
Spline (mathematics)
In mathematics, a spline is a sufficiently smooth piecewise-polynomial function. In interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial interpolation because it yields similar results, even when using low-degree polynomials, while avoiding Runge's phenomenon for higher...
nodes. By August 1990, the system was licensed by 22 European plastic suppliers.
The version 3.0 was a completely new development with a modified data structure. It provided much more usability (menus with mouse
Mouse (computing)
In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface. Physically, a mouse consists of an object held under one of the user's hands, with one or more buttons...
-control, searching profile, abbreviations, curve superposition, Postscript
Postscript
A postscript, abbreviated P.S., is writing added after the main body of a letter . The term comes from the Latin post scriptum, an expression meaning "written after" .A postscript may be a sentence, a paragraph, or occasionally many paragraphs added, often hastily and...
printing, preferences storage) by using new hardware features as well as an extended property catalogue following the latest standard revision. The product texts were extended and the units of measurement
Units of measurement
A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention and/or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity. Any other value of the physical quantity can be expressed as a simple multiple of the unit of...
could now be switched between SI
International System of Units
The International System of Units is the modern form of the metric system and is generally a system of units of measurement devised around seven base units and the convenience of the number ten. The older metric system included several groups of units...
and US
Metrication in the United States
Metrication is the process of introducing the International System of Units , a metric system of measurement, to replace the historical or customary units of measurement of a country or region...
. This version was also the beginning for the globalization
Globalization
Globalization refers to the increasingly global relationships of culture, people and economic activity. Most often, it refers to economics: the global distribution of the production of goods and services, through reduction of barriers to international trade such as tariffs, export fees, and import...
of CAMPUS, because it was no longer licensed by European suppliers only but also by DuPont
DuPont
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company , commonly referred to as DuPont, is an American chemical company that was founded in July 1802 as a gunpowder mill by Eleuthère Irénée du Pont. DuPont was the world's third largest chemical company based on market capitalization and ninth based on revenue in 2009...
and Dow Chemical from the USA.
Version 4
In Asia, particularly in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, there appeared a strong demand for CAMPUS data in 1995. However, the widely used NEC-DOS
PC-8000 Series
The PC-8000 series was a line of personal computers developed for the Japanese market by NEC.The PC-8001 model was also sold in the United States and in the UK as the PC-8001A.- PC-8001 :...
did not allow for a direct implementation of the software in Kanji
Kanji
Kanji are the adopted logographic Chinese characters hanzi that are used in the modern Japanese writing system along with hiragana , katakana , Indo Arabic numerals, and the occasional use of the Latin alphabet...
. Therefore, the overdue development of a Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal...
based version was initiated. This was 4.0, which also allowed for the inclusion of processing data for plastics. Since there is no technical standard established for this kind of data it was kept separately for each grade and translated in each language. The Version 4.1 would also include DSC
Differential scanning calorimetry
Differential scanning calorimetry or DSC is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature...
-curves and PVT
Equation of state
In physics and thermodynamics, an equation of state is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions...
-data.
In 1998 the website http://www.campusplastics.com was established. From that time on, the data could be delivered centrally. Before that, each manufacturer had to do it separately. Apparently, all data was available for download and quicker updates. At about the same time MCBase was published as Proprietary software
Proprietary software
Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
. This special edition allowed for comparesons between databases from different material suppliers in spreadsheets and diagrams. Moreover, data can be exported towards CAE-applications.
The next milestone was in 2001 the inclusion of data for chemical resistance
Chemical resistance
The chemical resistance of a material or surface can be determined in compliance with ISO 2812 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to liquids – Part 1: Immersion in liquids other than water ; German Version EN ISO 2812-1:2007 or Part 4: Spotting methods ; German Version EN ISO...
. This type of workload is not standardized in its full complexity. Therefore, the members agreed on a list of chemicals, for which they declared the general usability by means of simple symbols like smiley
Smiley
A smiley, smiley face, or happy face, is a stylized representation of a smiling human face, commonly occurring in popular culture. It is commonly represented as a yellow circle with two black dots representing eyes and a black arc representing the mouth...
and stop-sign at 23 °C. This allows for a simple search but does not replace a detailed analysis in specific environments. In the same version the class of TPEs
Thermoplastic elastomer
Thermoplastic elastomers , sometimes referred to as thermoplastic rubbers, are a class of copolymers or a physical mix of polymers which consist of materials with both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties...
was included in CAMPUS with their own set of properties. The standards had to be extended first in this manner, see below.
Simultaneously, the online version was extended. 2001 was the beginning of WebView, a web application that allowed the online display of CAMPUS data. Unlike the offline version a quicker, search was possible which was especially intended for occasional users. However, the web functionality and availability of internet connections were generally limited, which is why both versions co-existed. Both versions did not allow the user to search or compare data of more than one manufacturer, which remained the main purpose for MCBase or Material Data Center.
Version 5
With the publication of Version 5, the user interface was updated and the functionality of the internet further included. WebUpdate allowed for the direct update of the database within the application. However, the database itself was only slowly developed, because a high standard was already achieved. A new feature was the implementation of up to three base polymers and up to two filler or reinforcements for blends
Polymer blend
A polymer blend or polymer mixture is a member of a class of materials analogous to metal alloys, in which at least two polymers are blended together to create a new material with different physical properties. Section 3.2 Polymer Mixtures-History:...
. In version 5.1 this methodology was extended for impact modified and flame retardant grades. Moreover, heat aging
Accelerated aging
Accelerated aging is testing that uses aggravated conditions of heat, oxygen, sunlight, vibration, etc. to speed up the normal aging processes of items. It is used to help determine the long term effects of expected levels of stress within a shorter time, usually in a laboratory by controlled...
data could be included for the first time.
In January of 2010, the version 5.2 was published. This version included several new properties, e.g. light steadiness, extended media steadiness and emission data, and allows for their reporting together with existing data according to VDA
Verband der Automobilindustrie
The Verband der Automobilindustrie e. V., short VDA, is a German interest group of the German automobile industry, both automobile manufactures and automobile component suppliers. The group is located in Berlin, Germany...
rules 232-201 "Data for Selection of Thermoplastic Materials used in Interior, Exterior and Engine Compartment".
Grundwertekatalog
The Grundwertekatalog contains one part for sample preparation and a second part for processing, mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and "other" properties. A further group describes the behavior against environmental conditions such as fireFire
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition....
, water
Water absorption
During the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a medium containing water molecules, portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are absorbed by water molecules...
and humidity
Humidity
Humidity is a term for the amount of water vapor in the air, and can refer to any one of several measurements of humidity. Formally, humid air is not "moist air" but a mixture of water vapor and other constituents of air, and humidity is defined in terms of the water content of this mixture,...
. All properties and samples are standardized in ISO 10350 as follows:
| Property | Symbol | Standard | Specimen | Unit | ||||
| Rheological Properties | ||||||||
| Melt volume-flow rate | MVR | ISO 1133 | Material | cm³/10 min | ||||
| Melt flow rate | MFR | |||||||
| Molding shrinkage | Parallel (p) | SMp | ISO 294-4 (Thermoplastics) ISO 2577 (Thermosets) |
60x60x2 | % | |||
| Normal (n) | SMn | |||||||
| Mechanical Properties | ||||||||
| Tensile modulus | Et | ISO 527-1 and -2 | ISO 3167 | MPa | ||||
| Yield stress |  |
|||||||
| Yield strain |  |
% | ||||||
| Nominal strain at break |  |
|||||||
| Stress at 50% strain |  |
MPa | ||||||
| Stress at break |  |
|||||||
| Strain at break |  |
% | ||||||
| Tensile creep modulus | 1h |  1 |
ISO 899-1 | MPa | ||||
| 1000h |  10³ |
|||||||
| Charpy impact strength | unnotched |  |
ISO 179/1eU | 80x10x4 | kJ/m² | |||
| notched |  |
ISO 179/1eA | ||||||
| Tensile impact strength |  |
ISO 8256/1 | ||||||
| Puncture impact properties | Max. Force |  |
ISO 6603-2 | 60x60x2 | N | |||
| Puncture Energy |  |
J | ||||||
| Flexural modulus |  |
ISO 178 | 80x10x4 | MPa | ||||
| Flexural strength |  |
|||||||
| Thermal Properties | ||||||||
| Melting temperature |  |
ISO 11357-1 and -3 | Material | °C | ||||
| Glass transition temperature |  |
ISO 11357-1 and -2 | ||||||
| Temperature of deflection under load |  1,8 |
ISO 75-1 and -2 | 80x10x4 | |||||
 0,45 |
||||||||
 8,0 |
||||||||
| Vicat softening temperature |  50/50 |
ISO 306 |  10x10x4 |
|||||
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion |
Parallel (p) |  |
ISO 11359-1 and -2 | 10−6 K−1 | ||||
| Normal (n) |  |
|||||||
| Burning behavior | 1,5 mm thickness | B50/1.5 | UL 94 | ISO 1210 | 125x13x1,5 | Class | ||
| B500/1.5 | ISO 10351 |  150x 150x1,5 |
||||||
| -,- mm thickness | B50/-.- | ISO 1210 | 125x13x-.- | |||||
| B500/-.- | ISO 10351 |  150x 150x-.- |
||||||
| Oxygen index | OI23 | ISO 4589-1 and-2 | 80x10x4 | % | ||||
| Electrical Properties | ||||||||
| Relative permittivity | 100 Hz |  100 |
IEC 60250 |  60 x  60 x 1 |
||||
| 1 MHz |  1M |
60x60x2 | ||||||
| Dissipation factor | 100 Hz | tan  100 |
||||||
| 1 MHz | tan  1M |
|||||||
| Volume resistivity |  |
IEC 60093 |  m |
|||||
| Surface resistivity |  |
 |
||||||
| Electric strength |  1 |
IEC 60243-1 |  60 x  60 x 1 |
kV/mm | ||||
| Comparative tracking index | CTI | IEC 60112 |  15 x  15 x 4 |
|||||
| Other Properties | ||||||||
| Water absorption | wW | ISO 62 and ISO 15512 | thickness  1 |
% | ||||
| wH | ISO 15512 | |||||||
| Density |  |
ISO 1183 | kg/m³ | |||||
TPE-Properties
| Property | Standard | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Stress at 10% strain | ISO 527-1 and 2 | MPa |
| Stress at 100% strain | ||
| Stress at 300% strain | ||
| Nominal strain at break (up to > 300 %) | % | |
| Stress at break | MPa | |
| Compression set under constant strain (23 °C) | ISO 815 | % |
| Compression set under constant strain (70 °C) | ||
| Compression set under constant strain (100 °C) | ||
| Tear strength | ISO 34-1 | kN/m |
| Abrasion Abrasion (mechanical) Abrasion is the process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away. It can be intentionally imposed in a controlled process using an abrasive... resistance |
ISO 4649 | mm³ |
| Shore hardness A (3s) | ISO 868 | % |
| Shore hardness D (15s) |
Beyond these single point properties CAMPUS offers the temperature dependent stress-strain diagram for TPE grades.
Diagrams
The multipoint data included in CAMPUS are based on the International Standards for comparable multipoint data ISO 11403, Part 1 and Part 2| Property | x-axis | z-parameter | Symbol | Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shear modulus [MPa] | Temperature Temperature Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot... [°C] |
– | G(T) | ISO 6721-1, 2 and 7 |
| Dynamic shear modulus [MPa] | Temperature [°C] | – | G(T) | ISO 6721-1, 2 and 7 |
| Loss factor | Temperature [°C] | – |  |
ISO 6721-1, 2 and 7 |
| Tensile modulus [MPa] | Temperature [°C] | – |  |
ISO 527-1, 2 and 3 |
| Stress [MPa] | Strain Deformation (mechanics) Deformation in continuum mechanics is the transformation of a body from a reference configuration to a current configuration. A configuration is a set containing the positions of all particles of the body... [%] |
Temperature [°C] |  |
ISO 527-1, 2 and 3 |
| Secant modulus [MPa] | Strain [%] | Temperature [°C] |  |
– |
| Creep stress [MPa] | Strain [%] | Time [h], Temperature [°C] |  |
ISO 899-1 |
| Creep secant modulus [MPa] | Strain [%] | Time [h], Temperature [°C] |  |
– |
| Enthalpy Enthalpy Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system. It includes the internal energy, which is the energy required to create a system, and the amount of energy required to make room for it by displacing its environment and establishing its volume and pressure.Enthalpy is a... [kJ / kg] |
Temperature [°C] | – |  |
ISO 11357-1 and 4 |
| Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear or tensile stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity... [Pa s] |
Shear rate [s−1] | Temperature [°C] |  |
ISO 11443 |
| Shear stress Shear stress A shear stress, denoted \tau\, , is defined as the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. Shear stress arises from the force vector component parallel to the cross section... [Pa s] |
Shear rate [s−1] | Temperature [°C] |  |
ISO 11443 |
| Specific volume Specific volume In thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance is the ratio of the substance's volume to its mass. It is the reciprocal of density:In thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance is the ratio of the substance's volume to its mass... [m³ / kg] |
Temperature [°C] | Pressure [MPa] |  |
ISO 17744 |