Canthium
Encyclopedia
Canthium is a genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of flowering plant
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
s in the Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the coffee family, madder family, or bedstraw family. The group contains many commonly known plants, including the economically important coffee , quinine , and gambier , and the horticulturally valuable madder , west indian jasmine ,...
family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
. They are shrub
Shrub
A shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s and small tree
Tree
A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m to...
s. The leaves are deciduous
Deciduous
Deciduous means "falling off at maturity" or "tending to fall off", and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe...
and the stems are usually thorny
Thorns, spines, and prickles
In botanical morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles are hard structures with sharp, or at least pointed, ends. In spite of this common feature, they differ in their growth and development on the plant; they are modified versions of different plant organs, stems, stipules, leaf veins, or hairs...
.
Distribution
They are nativeIndigenous (ecology)
In biogeography, a species is defined as native to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention. Every natural organism has its own natural range of distribution in which it is regarded as native...
to India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
, and tropical East Africa
East Africa
East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easterly region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. In the UN scheme of geographic regions, 19 territories constitute Eastern Africa:...
.
Taxonomy
Canthium was namedBotanical name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar and/or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants...
by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de la Marck , often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist...
in 1785 in Encyclopédie Méthodique
Encyclopédie Méthodique
The Encyclopédie méthodique par ordre des matières is a roughly 210 to 216 volumes encyclopedia that was published between 1782 and 1832 by the French publisher Charles Joseph Panckoucke, his son-in-law Henri Agasse, and the latter´s wife, Thérèse-Charlotte Agasse...
. The name is a latinisation
Latinisation (literature)
Latinisation is the practice of rendering a non-Latin name in a Latin style. It is commonly met with for historical personal names, with toponyms, or for the standard binomial nomenclature of the life sciences. It goes further than Romanisation, which is the writing of a word in the Latin alphabet...
of "kantankara", a Malayalam name
Common name
A common name of a taxon or organism is a name in general use within a community; it is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism...
from Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....
for Canthium coromandelicum. Kantan means "shining" and kara means "a spiny shrub". The biological type for the genus consists of specimen
Specimen
A specimen is a portion/quantity of material for use in testing, examination, or study.BiologyA laboratory specimen is an individual animal, part of an animal, a plant, part of a plant, or a microorganism, used as a representative to study the properties of the whole population of that species or...
s originally described by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de la Marck , often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist...
as Canthium parviflorum but this species is now included in Canthium coromandelicum. Canthium is a member of Vanguerieae
Vanguerieae
Vanguerieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family and contains about 600 species in 25 genera. The tribe is a common and important constituent of many different kinds of habitats...
, a tribe
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...
that is monophyletic and easily recognized morphologically
Plant morphology
Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level...
, but in which generic
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
boundaries
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In taxonomy, circumscription is the definition of the limits of a taxonomic group of organisms. One goal of taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxonomic group. Achieving stability can be simple or difficult....
were, for a long time, very unclear. Canthium was especially problematic, and until the 1980s, it was defined broadly and known to be polyphyletic. Psydrax
Psydrax
Psydrax is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas of the paleotropics.-Taxonomy:...
was separated
Segregate (taxonomy)
In taxonomy, a segregate, or a segregate taxon is created when a taxon is split off, from another taxon. This other taxon will be better known, usually bigger, and will continue to exist, even after the segregate taxon has been split off...
from it in 1985, as was Keetia
Keetia
Keetia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of climbers or scrambling shrubs, rarely small trees.-Taxonomy:...
in 1986. These were followed by Pyrostria
Pyrostria
Pyrostria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae.-Species:* Pyrostria affinis Bridson* Pyrostria alaotrensis Arènes ex Cavaco* Pyrostria alluaudii Arènes ex Cavaco...
and Multidentia
Multidentia
Multidentia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae.-Distribution:Multidentia is restricted to tropical Africa with the greatest concentration of species occurring in eastern Africa.-Taxonomy:...
in 1987. The subgenus
Subgenus
In biology, a subgenus is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.In zoology, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the generic name and the specific epithet: e.g. the Tiger Cowry of the Indo-Pacific, Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, which...
Afrocanthium
Afrocanthium
Afrocanthium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of deciduous, unarmed, trees, and shrubs. They are native to East Africa, from Sudan and Ethiopia to South Africa.-Taxonomy:...
was raised to generic rank
Taxonomic rank
In biological classification, rank is the level in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, and class. Each rank subsumes under it a number of less general categories...
in 2004 , followed by Bullockia
Bullockia
Bullockia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was originally descripted as a subgenus of Canthium. The genus is distributed in eastern and southern Africa and Madagascar in bushland, woodland, savannas, and dry, deciduous forests...
in 2009. A few species were transferred to Canthium from Rytigynia
Rytigynia
Rytigynia is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera Rytigynia and Fadogia form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic.-Species:...
and other genera in 2004 but the final circumscription of Canthium will remain in doubt until phylogenetic studies achieve greater resolution
Resolution
Resolution may refer to:* Resolution , a measure of digital audio quality* Resolution , a rule of inference used for automated theorem proving* Resolution , a written motion adopted by a deliberative body...
for the clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
containing Canthium coromandelicum and its closest relatives.
Species
- Canthium aciculatum Ridl.Henry Nicholas RidleyHenry Nicholas Ridley CMG , MA , FRS, FLS, F.R.H.S. was an English botanist and geologist.Born at West Harling Hall, Norfolk, England...
- Canthium angustifolium Roxb.William RoxburghWilliam Roxburgh was a Scottish surgeon and botanist. He has been called the Father of Indian Botany.-Early life:Roxburgh was born at Underwood in the parish of Craigie, Ayrshire. He studied medicine in Edinburgh...
- Canthium approximatum Korth.Pieter Willem KorthalsPieter Willem Korthals was a Dutch botanist. Korthals was the official botanist with the Dutch East India Service from 1831 to 1836....
- Canthium arboreum Vidal
- Canthium aurantiacum Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
& L.M.Perry - Canthium bakerianum DrakeEmmanuel Drake del CastilloEmmanuel Drake del Castillo was a French botanist.He was born at Paris and studied with Louis Édouard Bureau at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle...
- Canthium berberidifolium Geddes
- Canthium bipinnatum (BlancoFrancisco Manuel BlancoFrancisco Manuel Blanco was a Spanish friar and botanist.-Biography:He was a member of the Augustinian order. His first assignment was in Angat in the province of Bulacan in the Philippines. He subsequently had a variety different assignments...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium brunneum (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium calvum Craib
- Canthium cambodianum Pit.
- Canthium campanulatum Thwaites
- Canthium carinatum (BakerJohn Gilbert BakerJohn Gilbert Baker was an English botanist.Baker was born in Guisborough, the son of John and Mary Baker and educated at Quaker schools in Ackworth and York....
) Summerh. - Canthium cavaleriei H.Lév.
- Canthium ciliatum (D.Dietr.) Kuntze
- Canthium coffeoides Pierre ex Pit.
- Canthium confertum Korth.Pieter Willem KorthalsPieter Willem Korthals was a Dutch botanist. Korthals was the official botanist with the Dutch East India Service from 1831 to 1836....
- Canthium congestiflorum Ridl.Henry Nicholas RidleyHenry Nicholas Ridley CMG , MA , FRS, FLS, F.R.H.S. was an English botanist and geologist.Born at West Harling Hall, Norfolk, England...
- Canthium cordatum Dillwyn
- Canthium coromandelicum (Brum.f.Nicolaas Laurens BurmanNicolaas Laurens Burman was a Dutch botanist.He was the son of Johannes Burman . He succeeded his father to the chair of botany at the University of Amsterdam., and at the Hortus Botanicus. He continued the correspondence with Carolus Linnaeus, joining him at the University of Uppsala in 1760...
) AlstonArthur Hugh Garfit AlstonArthur Hugh Garfit Alston was an English botanist. His father was a vicar and amateur naturalist who first got him interested in the field. A.H.G. Alston later received his B.A. from the University of Oxford... - Canthium culionense (Elmer) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
- Canthium depressinerve Ridl.Henry Nicholas RidleyHenry Nicholas Ridley CMG , MA , FRS, FLS, F.R.H.S. was an English botanist and geologist.Born at West Harling Hall, Norfolk, England...
- Canthium ellipticum (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium elmeri Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
- Canthium fenicis (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium ferrugineum Craib
- Canthium filipendulum Pierre ex Pit.
- Canthium fraternum Miq.Friedrich Anton Wilhelm MiquelFriedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel was a Dutch botanist.He was head of the botanical gardens at Rotterdam , Amsterdam and Utrecht . He directed the Rijksherbarium at Leiden from 1862...
- Canthium glabrum BlumeCarl Ludwig BlumeCharles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume was a German-Dutch botanist.He was born at Braunschweig in Germany, but studied at Leiden University and spent his professional life working in the Dutch East Indies and in the Netherlands, where he was Director of the Rijksherbarium at Leiden...
- Canthium glandulosum (BlancoFrancisco Manuel BlancoFrancisco Manuel Blanco was a Spanish friar and botanist.-Biography:He was a member of the Augustinian order. His first assignment was in Angat in the province of Bulacan in the Philippines. He subsequently had a variety different assignments...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium glaucum HiernWilliam Philip HiernWilliam Philip Hiern was a British mathematician and botanist.Hiern attended St. John's College, Cambridge, from 1857 to 1861 and attained a "first class degree" in mathematics...
- Canthium gracilipes KurzWilhelm Sulpiz KurzWilhelm Sulpiz Kurz was a German botanist and garden director in Bogor, West Java and Kolkatta.He worked in India, Indonesia, Burma, Malaysia and Singapore. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Kurz when citing a botanical name.-References:...
- Canthium gynochthodes Baill.Henri Ernest BaillonHenri Ernest Baillon was a French botanist and physician. He was born in Calais on November 30, 1827 and died in Paris on July 19, 1895.Baillon spent his professional life as a professor of natural history, and he published numerous works on botany...
- Canthium hebecladum DC.
- Canthium hirtellum Ridl.Henry Nicholas RidleyHenry Nicholas Ridley CMG , MA , FRS, FLS, F.R.H.S. was an English botanist and geologist.Born at West Harling Hall, Norfolk, England...
- Canthium hispidonervosum (De Wild.Émile Auguste Joseph De WildemanÉmile Auguste Joseph De Wildeman was a Belgian botanist.His botanis author abbreviation is De Wild.-Works:* Les phanérogames des Terres Magellaniques., 1905.* Documents pour l'ètude de la geo-botanique congolaise, 1913....
) C.M.Evrard - Canthium homolleanum Cavaco
- Canthium horridulum Craib
- Canthium horridum BlumeCarl Ludwig BlumeCharles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume was a German-Dutch botanist.He was born at Braunschweig in Germany, but studied at Leiden University and spent his professional life working in the Dutch East Indies and in the Netherlands, where he was Director of the Rijksherbarium at Leiden...
- Canthium inermeCanthium inermeCanthium inerme is a tough, adaptable medium-sized tree from South Africa. It bears small edible fruits and has a variety of uses in traditional medicine....
(L.f.Carolus Linnaeus the YoungerCarl Linnaeus the Younger, Carl von Linné or Carolus Linnaeus the Younger was a Swedish naturalist...
) Kuntze - Canthium korthalsianum Miq.Friedrich Anton Wilhelm MiquelFriedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel was a Dutch botanist.He was head of the botanical gardens at Rotterdam , Amsterdam and Utrecht . He directed the Rijksherbarium at Leiden from 1862...
- Canthium kuntzeanum Bridson
- Canthium laeve Teijsm.Johannes Elias TeijsmannJohannes Elias Teijsmann was a botanist and plant collector. He was born in Arnhem, Netherlands.Teijsmann travelled to Java in 1830 as Gardener of Governor General van den Bosch. He was appointed the Curator of the Buitenzorg Botanic Gardens the following year, a post he held until 1869...
& Binn.Simon BinnendijkSimon Binnendijk was a Dutch gardener and botanist born in Leiden.He received botanical training under Willem Hendrik de Vriese in Leiden. From 1850 to 1869 he was assistant curator at the Botanical Garden of Buitenzorg in the Dutch East Indies, afterwards serving as curator of the gardens... - Canthium lasianthoides Miq.Friedrich Anton Wilhelm MiquelFriedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel was a Dutch botanist.He was head of the botanical gardens at Rotterdam , Amsterdam and Utrecht . He directed the Rijksherbarium at Leiden from 1862...
- Canthium leytense (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium libericum Dinkl.
- Canthium longipes Geddes
- Canthium lucidum R.Br.Robert Brown (botanist)Robert Brown was a Scottish botanist and palaeobotanist who made important contributions to botany largely through his pioneering use of the microscope...
- Canthium macrocarpum Thwaites
- Canthium megacarpum (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium megistocarpum Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
& L.M.Perry - Canthium merrillianum Mabb.David MabberleyProfessor Dr. David John Mabberley, , is a botanist, educator and writer. Among his varied interests is the taxonomy of tropical plants, especially trees of the families Labiatae, Meliaceae and Rutaceae. He is perhaps best known for his plant dictionary The plant-book. A portable dictionary of the...
- Canthium merrillii (Setch.) Christoph.Erling ChristophersenErling Christophersen was a Norwegian botanist, geographer and diplomat. He participated in and led several notable scientific expeditions in the 20th century, including the fifth Tanager Expedition to Nihoa and Necker Island and the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha .-Early...
- Canthium mite Bartl.Friedrich Gottlieb BartlingFriedrich Gottlieb Bartling was a German botanist who was a native of Hanover.He studied natural sciences at the University of Göttingen, and in 1818 took a botanical journey through Hungary and Croatia. In 1822 he became a lecturer at Göttingen, where he later became a professor, and in 1837 was...
ex DC. - Canthium molle KingGeorge King (botanist)Sir George King , was a British botanist appointed superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta in 1871, and the first Director of the Botanical Survey of India from 1890. King was awarded the Linnean Medal in 1901....
& GambleJames Sykes GambleJames Sykes Gamble FRS was an English botanist who specialized in the flora of the Indian sub-continent.He was born in London, the son of Harpur Gamble, M.D... - Canthium moluccanum Roxb.William RoxburghWilliam Roxburgh was a Scottish surgeon and botanist. He has been called the Father of Indian Botany.-Early life:Roxburgh was born at Underwood in the parish of Craigie, Ayrshire. He studied medicine in Edinburgh...
- Canthium monstrosum (A.RichAchille RichardAchille Richard was a French botanist and physician .He was son of a notable botanist, Louis-Claude Marie Richard .Pharmacist in the French fleet and member of several well-known societies of their time....
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium neilgherrense WightRobert WightRobert Wight was a Scottish surgeon and botanist who spent 30 years in India. He studied botany in Edinburgh under John Hope. He was the director of the Botanic Garden in Madras. He made use of local artists to make illustrations of the plants around him...
- Canthium oblongifolium Quisumb. & Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
- Canthium oblongum (Valeton) Kaneh.
- Canthium obovatifolium (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium oliganthum (Miq.Friedrich Anton Wilhelm MiquelFriedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel was a Dutch botanist.He was head of the botanical gardens at Rotterdam , Amsterdam and Utrecht . He directed the Rijksherbarium at Leiden from 1862...
) Boerl. - Canthium oligocarpum HiernWilliam Philip HiernWilliam Philip Hiern was a British mathematician and botanist.Hiern attended St. John's College, Cambridge, from 1857 to 1861 and attained a "first class degree" in mathematics...
- Canthium oligophlebium (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium parvifolium Roxb.William RoxburghWilliam Roxburgh was a Scottish surgeon and botanist. He has been called the Father of Indian Botany.-Early life:Roxburgh was born at Underwood in the parish of Craigie, Ayrshire. He studied medicine in Edinburgh...
- Canthium paucinervium (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium pedunculare Cav.
- Canthium perakanthus ined.
- Canthium polyanthum Miq.Friedrich Anton Wilhelm MiquelFriedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel was a Dutch botanist.He was head of the botanical gardens at Rotterdam , Amsterdam and Utrecht . He directed the Rijksherbarium at Leiden from 1862...
- Canthium puberulum Thwaites ex Hook.f.Joseph Dalton HookerSir Joseph Dalton Hooker OM, GCSI, CB, MD, FRS was one of the greatest British botanists and explorers of the 19th century. Hooker was a founder of geographical botany, and Charles Darwin's closest friend...
- Canthium quadratum Craib
- Canthium ramosii (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium rheedei DC.
- Canthium sarcocarpum (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium sarmentosum Craib
- Canthium scabridum Ridl.Henry Nicholas RidleyHenry Nicholas Ridley CMG , MA , FRS, FLS, F.R.H.S. was an English botanist and geologist.Born at West Harling Hall, Norfolk, England...
- Canthium scandens BlumeCarl Ludwig BlumeCharles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume was a German-Dutch botanist.He was born at Braunschweig in Germany, but studied at Leiden University and spent his professional life working in the Dutch East Indies and in the Netherlands, where he was Director of the Rijksherbarium at Leiden...
- Canthium schlechterianum Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
& L.M.Perry - Canthium sechellense Summerh.
- Canthium siamense (HarmsHermann HarmsHermann August Theodor Harms was a German taxonomist and botanist. In 1938 he revised the pitcher plant genus Nepenthes, dividing it into three subgenera: Anurosperma, Eunepenthes and Mesonepenthes....
) Pit. - Canthium simile Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
& Chun - Canthium sordidum (K.Schum.Karl Moritz SchumannKarl Moritz Schumann was a German botanist.Dr. Schumann was the curator of the Botanisches Museumin Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894...
) Bullock - Canthium spinosissimum Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
- Canthium spinosum (KlotzschJohann Friedrich KlotzschJohann Friedrich Klotzsch was a German pharmacist and botanist.His principal work was in the field of mycology, with the study and description of many species of mushroom.-Selected works:...
ex Eckl.Christian Friedrich EcklonChristian Friedrich Ecklon was a Danish botanical collector and apothecary.Ecklon collected extensively in South Africa. His first visit was in 1823, as first an apothecary's apprentice and then pharmacist, looking for plants with medicinal value...
& Zeyh.Karl Ludwig Philipp ZeyherKarl Ludwig Philipp Zeyher , was a botanical and insect collector who collected extensively in South Africa...
) Kuntze - Canthium spirostylum Miq.Friedrich Anton Wilhelm MiquelFriedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel was a Dutch botanist.He was head of the botanical gardens at Rotterdam , Amsterdam and Utrecht . He directed the Rijksherbarium at Leiden from 1862...
- Canthium stellulatum Craib
- Canthium strigosum Craib
- Canthium strychnoides Craib
- Canthium subaureum Craib
- Canthium subcapitatum (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium suberosum Codd
- Canthium subsessilifolium (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898... - Canthium sumatranum Miq.Friedrich Anton Wilhelm MiquelFriedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel was a Dutch botanist.He was head of the botanical gardens at Rotterdam , Amsterdam and Utrecht . He directed the Rijksherbarium at Leiden from 1862...
- Canthium tavoyanum (R.Parker) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
- Canthium travancoricum Bedd.Richard Henry BeddomeColonel Richard Henry Beddome was a British military officer in India, chief conservator of the Madras Forest Department and a naturalist...
- Canthium trichophorum Quisumb. & Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
- Canthium umbelligerum Miq.Friedrich Anton Wilhelm MiquelFriedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel was a Dutch botanist.He was head of the botanical gardens at Rotterdam , Amsterdam and Utrecht . He directed the Rijksherbarium at Leiden from 1862...
- Canthium vanwykii Tilney & Kok
- Canthium villarii Vidal
- Canthium violaceum Zoll. & Moritzi
- Canthium wenzelii (Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
) Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
External links
- Canthium At: List of Genera At: Rubiaceae At: List of families At: Families and Genera in GRIN At: Queries At: GRIN taxonomy for plants
- Canthium At:Index Nominum Genericorum At: References At: NMNH Department of Botany
- Canthium In: volume 1 Of: Encyclopédie méthodique: botanique /Par m. le chevalier de Lamarck. At: Biodiversity Heritage Library
- Canthium At: Search Page At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Index by Team At: Projects At: Science Directory At: Scientific Research and Data At: Kew Gardens
- World Checklist of Rubiaceae