Codex Tischendorfianus IV
Encyclopedia
Codex Tischendorfianus IV – designated by Γ or 036 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 70 (von Soden) – is a Greek uncial
manuscript
of the Gospels, dated palaeographically
to the 10th century (although 9th century is also possible). The manuscript is lacunose.
s on 257 parchment
leaves (30 centimetres (11.8 in) by 23 centimetres (9.1 in)) in the Western order: Matthew, John, Luke, and Mark. The text of the codex is written in one column per page, 24 lines per page. The letters are large and leaned left. The letters have breathings and accents.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (titles) at the top of tha pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains the tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), and musical notes. No itacistic
errors.
Over the original breathings and accents some later scrawlier has in many places put others, in a very careless fashion.
At the end of the Gospel of John it has subscription . Tischendorf, by the aid of Ant. Pilgrami's Calendarium chronologum medii potissimum aevi monumentis accommodatum (Vienna 1781), states that the only year between 800 and 950, and November 27 on a Thursday, was 844.
The another possible year is 979.
Lacunae
The text of the codex has some lacunae
in Matthew
and in Mark
(lacks Matthew 5:31-6:16, 6:30-7:26, 8:27-9:6, 21:19-22:25; Mark 3:34-6:21); Luke
and John
are complete. It omits Matthew 16:2b–3.
Additions
In Matt.
27:49 codex contains added text: ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἒνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὖδορ καὶ αἳμα (the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood). This reading was derived from John 19:34 and occurs in other manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type (א
, B
, C
, L
, 1010, 1293, pc, vgmss).
is a representative of the Byzantine text-type
. Aland
placed it in Category V.
It is close textually to the codices 024
, 026
, 027
, 047
, 0130, 4
, 251
, 273
, 440
, 472
, 485
, 495
, 660
, 716
, 1047, 1093, 1170, 1229, 1242, 1295, 1355, 1365, 1396, 1515, 1604. Hermann von Soden designated this group by I'. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx
in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.
in an eastern monastery in 1853, another part in 1859. In result codex is divided and housed in two places. 158 leaves were bought in 1855 and they are housed in the Bodleian Library
(Auct. T. infr 2.2) in Oxford
and 99 leaves of the codex are located now in the National Library of Russia (Gr. 33) in Saint Petersburg
.
The Petersburgian leaves were described by Kurt Treu
.
Uncial
Uncial is a majuscule script commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters are written in either Greek, Latin, or Gothic.-Development:...
manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the Gospels, dated palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
to the 10th century (although 9th century is also possible). The manuscript is lacunose.
Description
The codex contains portions of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 257 parchment
Parchment
Parchment is a thin material made from calfskin, sheepskin or goatskin, often split. Its most common use was as a material for writing on, for documents, notes, or the pages of a book, codex or manuscript. It is distinct from leather in that parchment is limed but not tanned; therefore, it is very...
leaves (30 centimetres (11.8 in) by 23 centimetres (9.1 in)) in the Western order: Matthew, John, Luke, and Mark. The text of the codex is written in one column per page, 24 lines per page. The letters are large and leaned left. The letters have breathings and accents.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (titles) at the top of tha pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains the tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), and musical notes. No itacistic
Iotacism
Iotacism is the process by which a number of vowels and diphthongs in Ancient Greek converged in pronunciation so that they all sound like iota in Modern Greek....
errors.
Over the original breathings and accents some later scrawlier has in many places put others, in a very careless fashion.
At the end of the Gospel of John it has subscription . Tischendorf, by the aid of Ant. Pilgrami's Calendarium chronologum medii potissimum aevi monumentis accommodatum (Vienna 1781), states that the only year between 800 and 950, and November 27 on a Thursday, was 844.
The another possible year is 979.
Lacunae
The text of the codex has some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
in Matthew
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
and in Mark
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
(lacks Matthew 5:31-6:16, 6:30-7:26, 8:27-9:6, 21:19-22:25; Mark 3:34-6:21); Luke
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The...
and John
Gospel of John
The Gospel According to John , commonly referred to as the Gospel of John or simply John, and often referred to in New Testament scholarship as the Fourth Gospel, is an account of the public ministry of Jesus...
are complete. It omits Matthew 16:2b–3.
Additions
In Matt.
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
27:49 codex contains added text: ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἒνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὖδορ καὶ αἳμα (the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood). This reading was derived from John 19:34 and occurs in other manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type (א
Codex Sinaiticus
Codex Sinaiticus is one of the four great uncial codices, an ancient, handwritten copy of the Greek Bible. It is an Alexandrian text-type manuscript written in the 4th century in uncial letters on parchment. Current scholarship considers the Codex Sinaiticus to be one of the best Greek texts of...
, B
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
, C
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus is an early 5th century Greek manuscript of the Bible, the last in the group of the four great uncial manuscripts...
, L
Codex Regius (New Testament)
Codex Regius designated by siglum Le or 019 , ε 56 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia....
, 1010, 1293, pc, vgmss).
Text
The Greek text of this codexCodex
A codex is a book in the format used for modern books, with multiple quires or gatherings typically bound together and given a cover.Developed by the Romans from wooden writing tablets, its gradual replacement...
is a representative of the Byzantine text-type
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V.
It is close textually to the codices 024
Codex Guelferbytanus A
Codex Guelferbytanus A designated by Pe or 024 , ε 33 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 6th century. The manuscript is very lacunose.- Description :...
, 026
Codex Guelferbytanus B
Codex Guelferbytanus B designated by Q or 026 , ε 4 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 5th century.It is a palimpsest.- Contents :Gospel of Luke...
, 027
Codex Nitriensis
Codex Nitriensis designated by R or 027 , ε 22 , is a 6th century Greek New Testament codex containing the Gospel of Luke, in a fragmentary condition. It is a two column manuscript in majuscules , measuring .- Description :The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page, in large...
, 047
Uncial 047
Uncial 047 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels. The codex is dated paleographically to the 8th century. Formerly the codex was designated by Hebrew letter ב...
, 0130, 4
Minuscule 4
Minuscule 4 , ε 371 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 212 parchment leaves , dated palaeographically to the 13th century. Formerly it was named Codex Regius 84.It has full marginalia...
, 251
Minuscule 251
Minuscule 251 , ε 192 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.The manuscript has complex contents.- Description :...
, 273
Minuscule 273
Minuscule 273 , ε 370 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum, but partly on cotton paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century....
, 440
Minuscule 440
Minuscule 440 , δ 260 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 472
Minuscule 472
Minuscule 472 , α 1386 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 485
Minuscule 485
Minuscule 485 , ε 247 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 495
Minuscule 495
Minuscule 495 , ε 243 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.Scrivener labelled it by number 581....
, 660
Minuscule 660
Minuscule 660 , ε 178 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 716
Minuscule 716
Minuscule 716 , ε448 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript is in the British Library as MS Egerton 2784.The manuscript has complex contents...
, 1047, 1093, 1170, 1229, 1242, 1295, 1355, 1365, 1396, 1515, 1604. Hermann von Soden designated this group by I'. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.
History
One part of the codex was found by TischendorfConstantin von Tischendorf
Lobegott Friedrich Constantin Tischendorf was a noted German Biblical scholar. He deciphered the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a 5th century Greek manuscript of the New Testament, in the 1840s, and rediscovered the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th century New Testament manuscript, in 1859.Tischendorf...
in an eastern monastery in 1853, another part in 1859. In result codex is divided and housed in two places. 158 leaves were bought in 1855 and they are housed in the Bodleian Library
Bodleian Library
The Bodleian Library , the main research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in Britain is second in size only to the British Library...
(Auct. T. infr 2.2) in Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
and 99 leaves of the codex are located now in the National Library of Russia (Gr. 33) in Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
.
The Petersburgian leaves were described by Kurt Treu
Kurt Treu
Kurt Treu , German classical philologist, was a son of a German parson on the island Saaremaa, the largest island of Estonia. In 1940, because of World War II, the Treu family was forced to leave their homeland. Kurt Treu studied in a Gymnasium in Hohensalza. AS levels were studied by him after the...
.
See also
- List of New Testament uncials
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
Further reading
- Constantin von Tischendorf, Anecdota sacra et profana (Leipzig: 1855), pp. 5–6.
- Constantin von Tischendorf, Notitia edit. Cod. Bibl. Sin, Leipzig 1860, p. 53.
- Kurt TreuKurt TreuKurt Treu , German classical philologist, was a son of a German parson on the island Saaremaa, the largest island of Estonia. In 1940, because of World War II, the Treu family was forced to leave their homeland. Kurt Treu studied in a Gymnasium in Hohensalza. AS levels were studied by him after the...
, Die Griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments in der USSR; eine systematische Auswertung des Texthandschriften in Leningrad, Moskau, Kiev, Odessa, Tbilisi und Erevan, T & U 91 (Berlin: 1966), pp. 41–43.
External links
- Codex Tischendorfianus Γ (036): at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism