Codex Veronensis
Encyclopedia
The Codex Veronensis, designated by siglum b or 4 (in the Beuron system), is a 4th or 5th century Latin
Gospel Book
. The text, written on purple dyed vellum
in silver and occasionally gold ink, is a version of the old Latin
. The Gospels follow in the Western order.
s. It has several lacunae
(Matthew 1:1-11; 15:12-23; 23:18-27; John 7:44-8:12; Luke 19:26-21:29; Mark 13:9-19; 13:24-16:20).
In this codex John 7:44-8:12 has been erased. The manuscript is defective.
In Luke 8:21 it reads αυτον instead of αυτους; the reading αυτον is supported by Papyrus 75
, and Minuscule 705
.
In John 1:34 reads ὁ ἐκλεκτός together with the manuscripts
5, 
106, א
, e
, ff2
, syrc, s.
In John 14:14 the entire verse is omitted along with manuscripts X
f1
565
1009 1365 ℓ 76
ℓ 253
vgmss syrs, pal arm geo Diatessaron.
The Latin text of the codex is a representative of the Western text-type
in European recension.
In Francis Crawford Burkitt
's opinion (the Divinity scholar who worked in the early 20th century), it represents the type of text that Jerome
used as the basis of the Vulgate
.
The manuscript was examined by Giuseppe Bianchini
in the mid-18th century. The text was edited by Bianchini, Belsheim
, and Jülicher.
It was named Veronensis after Verona, where it was located.
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
Gospel Book
Gospel Book
The Gospel Book, Evangelion, or Book of the Gospels is a codex or bound volume containing one or more of the four Gospels of the Christian New Testament...
. The text, written on purple dyed vellum
Vellum
Vellum is mammal skin prepared for writing or printing on, to produce single pages, scrolls, codices or books. It is generally smooth and durable, although there are great variations depending on preparation, the quality of the skin and the type of animal used...
in silver and occasionally gold ink, is a version of the old Latin
Vetus Latina
Vetus Latina is a collective name given to the Biblical texts in Latin that were translated before St Jerome's Vulgate Bible became the standard Bible for Latin-speaking Western Christians. The phrase Vetus Latina is Latin for Old Latin, and the Vetus Latina is sometimes known as the Old Latin Bible...
. The Gospels follow in the Western order.
Description
The manuscript contains the Latin text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s. It has several lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Matthew 1:1-11; 15:12-23; 23:18-27; John 7:44-8:12; Luke 19:26-21:29; Mark 13:9-19; 13:24-16:20).
In this codex John 7:44-8:12 has been erased. The manuscript is defective.
In Luke 8:21 it reads αυτον instead of αυτους; the reading αυτον is supported by Papyrus 75
Papyrus 75
Papyrus 75 is an early Greek New Testament papyrus.- Description :Originally '[it] contained about 144 pages ... of which 102 have survived, either in whole or in part.' It 'contains about half the text of ... two Gospels' – Luke and John in Greek...
, and Minuscule 705
Minuscule 705
Minuscule 705 , ε360 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript has complex contents...
.
In John 1:34 reads ὁ ἐκλεκτός together with the manuscripts
5, 106, אCodex Sinaiticus
Codex Sinaiticus is one of the four great uncial codices, an ancient, handwritten copy of the Greek Bible. It is an Alexandrian text-type manuscript written in the 4th century in uncial letters on parchment. Current scholarship considers the Codex Sinaiticus to be one of the best Greek texts of...
, e
Codex Palatinus
The Codex Palatinus, designated by e or 2 , is a 4th or 5th century Latin Gospel Book. The text, written on purple dyed vellum in gold and silver ink , is a version of the old Latin.- Description :...
, ff2
Codex Corbeiensis II
The Codex Corbeiensis II, designated by ff2 or 8 , is a 5th or 6th century Latin Gospel Book. The text, written on vellum, is a version of the old Latin. The manuscript contains 190 parchment folio with the text of the four Gospels with lacunae...
, syrc, s.
In John 14:14 the entire verse is omitted along with manuscripts X
Codex Monacensis
Codex Monacensis designated by X or 033 , A3 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 9th or 10th century...
f1
Family 1
Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih...
565
Minuscule 565
Minuscule 565 , ε 93 , also known as the Empress Theodora's Codex. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on purple parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century...
1009 1365 ℓ 76
Lectionary 76
Lectionary 76, designated by siglum ℓ 76 , is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.- Description :...
ℓ 253
Lectionary 253
Lectionary 253, designated by siglum ℓ 253 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1020. Scrivener labelled it as 196evl.- Description :...
vgmss syrs, pal arm geo Diatessaron.
The Latin text of the codex is a representative of the Western text-type
Western text-type
The Western text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts...
in European recension.
In Francis Crawford Burkitt
Francis Crawford Burkitt
Francis Crawford Burkitt was a British theologian and scholar. He was Norris Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge, from 1905 until shortly before his death. Burkitt was a sturdy critic of the notion of a distinct "Caesarean Text" of the New Testament put forward by B. H...
's opinion (the Divinity scholar who worked in the early 20th century), it represents the type of text that Jerome
Jerome
Saint Jerome was a Roman Christian priest, confessor, theologian and historian, and who became a Doctor of the Church. He was the son of Eusebius, of the city of Stridon, which was on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia...
used as the basis of the Vulgate
Vulgate
The Vulgate is a late 4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. It was largely the work of St. Jerome, who was commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to make a revision of the old Latin translations...
.
The manuscript was examined by Giuseppe Bianchini
Giuseppe Bianchini
Giuseppe Bianchini was an Italian Oratorian, biblical, historical, and liturgical scholar. Clement XII and Benedict XIV, who highly appreciated his learning, entrusted him with several scientific labors...
in the mid-18th century. The text was edited by Bianchini, Belsheim
Johannes Belsheim
Johannes Engebretsen Belsheim was a Norwegian teacher, priest, translator and biographer. He is known for his studies of biblical handwritings, including the Codex Aureus, Codex Gigas, Codex Corbeiensis I, Codex Palatinus, Codex Veronensis, and Codex Claromontanus V...
, and Jülicher.
It was named Veronensis after Verona, where it was located.
See also
- List of New Testament Latin manuscripts
- Purple parchmentPurple parchmentPurple parchment or Codex Purpureus refers to manuscripts written on parchment dyed purple, originally restricted for the use of Roman or Byzantine Emperors. The lettering may be in gold or silver. Later the practice was revived for some especially grand illuminated manuscripts produced for the...
Further reading
- J. BelsheimJohannes BelsheimJohannes Engebretsen Belsheim was a Norwegian teacher, priest, translator and biographer. He is known for his studies of biblical handwritings, including the Codex Aureus, Codex Gigas, Codex Corbeiensis I, Codex Palatinus, Codex Veronensis, and Codex Claromontanus V...
, Codex Veronensis. Quattuor Evangelia (Prague, 1904). - G. Mercati, Un paio di appunti sopre il codice purpureo Veronese dei vangeli, RB XXXIV (1925), pp. 396–400.
- A. Jülicher, Itala. Das Neue Testament in Altlateinischer Überlieferung, Walter de GruyterWalter de GruyterWalter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG is a scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature. Its origins date back to 1749 when it was given the right to print books by King Frederick II of Prussia. -De Gruyter Mouton:...
, Berlin, New York, 1976. (Marcus Evangelium)
