Czartoryski
Encyclopedia
Czartoryski is the surname
of a Polish
-Ukrainian
-Lithuania
n magnate
family also known as the Familia
. They used the Czartoryski Coat of arms and were the leading noble family of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
in the 18th century.
The Czartoryski is a family of a Grand Ducal Lithuanian descent from Ruthenia
. Their ancestor is the Grand Duke of Lithuania Algirdas
's son, known after his baptismal name Constantine (c. 1330 - 1390), who became a Prince of Chortoryisk in Volhynia
. One of his sons Vasyli Chortoryiski (Wasyl Czartoryski) (c. 1375 - 1416) was granted an estate in Volhynia in 1393, and his three sons John, Alexander and Michael (c. 1400 - 1489) are considered the progenitors of the family. The founding members were Ruthenian
and Eastern Orthodox, and then converted to Roman Catholicism during the 16th century.
It was Michael's descendant Prince Kazimierz Czartoryski (1674–1741) Duke of Klewan and Zukow (Klevan and Zhukiv
), Castellan of Vilnius
who reawakened their royal ambitions at the end of the 17th century. An intelligent, well educated man, he married Isabella Morsztyn daughter of the Grand Treasurer of Poland
and built "The Familia
" with their four children, Michał, August, Teodor and Konstancja. The family became known and powerful under the lead of brothers Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski and August Aleksander Czartoryski
in the late Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
of the 18th century, during the reigns of monarchs Augustus II the Strong
and Stanisław Leszczyński. The family attained the height of its influence from the mid-18th century in the court of August III of Poland. The Czartoryski brothers gained a very powerful ally in their brother-in-law, Stanisław Poniatowski, whose son became the last king of independent Commonwealth, Stanisław August Poniatowski, near the end of the century.
The Czartoryski's Familia
have seen the decline of the Commonwealth and the rise of anarchy and joined to camp which was determined to press ahead with the reforms, thus they sought the enactment of such constitutional reforms as the abolition of the liberum veto
.
Although the family estate at Puławy was confiscated by Russian Empire
in 1794, during the third partition of Poland
, the Familia continued to wield significant cultural and political influence for decades after, notably through the princes Adam Kazimierz, Adam Jerzy
and Konstanty Adam
.
The Czartoryski family is also renowned for the Czartoryski Museum in Krakow
and Hôtel Lambert in Paris
.
According to his largely autobiographical novel "Orbitor", renowned contemporary Romanian writer Mircea Cartarescu
seems to be a descendant of Witold Czartoryski
.
.
Surname
A surname is a name added to a given name and is part of a personal name. In many cases, a surname is a family name. Many dictionaries define "surname" as a synonym of "family name"...
of a Polish
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
-Ukrainian
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
-Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
n magnate
Magnate
Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus 'great', designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities...
family also known as the Familia
Familia
Familia was the name of a Polish political party led by the Czartoryski magnates and families allied with them, and formed toward the end of the reign of King August II...
. They used the Czartoryski Coat of arms and were the leading noble family of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
in the 18th century.
History
Ruthenia
Ruthenia is the Latin word used onwards from the 13th century, describing lands of the Ancient Rus in European manuscripts. Its geographic and culturo-ethnic name at that time was applied to the parts of Eastern Europe. Essentially, the word is a false Latin rendering of the ancient place name Rus...
. Their ancestor is the Grand Duke of Lithuania Algirdas
Algirdas
Algirdas was a monarch of medieval Lithuania. Algirdas ruled the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1345 to 1377, which chiefly meant monarch of Lithuanians and Ruthenians...
's son, known after his baptismal name Constantine (c. 1330 - 1390), who became a Prince of Chortoryisk in Volhynia
Volhynia
Volhynia, Volynia, or Volyn is a historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Prypiat and Southern Bug River, to the north of Galicia and Podolia; the region is named for the former city of Volyn or Velyn, said to have been located on the Southern Bug River, whose name may come...
. One of his sons Vasyli Chortoryiski (Wasyl Czartoryski) (c. 1375 - 1416) was granted an estate in Volhynia in 1393, and his three sons John, Alexander and Michael (c. 1400 - 1489) are considered the progenitors of the family. The founding members were Ruthenian
Ruthenian
Ruthenian may refer to:*Ruthenia, a name applied to various parts of Eastern Europe*Ruthenians, a historic ethnic group*Ruthenian Catholic Church, the sui iuris particular church united to the Bishop of Rome and the Roman Catholic Church...
and Eastern Orthodox, and then converted to Roman Catholicism during the 16th century.
It was Michael's descendant Prince Kazimierz Czartoryski (1674–1741) Duke of Klewan and Zukow (Klevan and Zhukiv
Zhukiv
Zhukiv , is a major village in Brzeżany Raion of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It's located about 18 km north of Brzeżany, beside the hill named Huk.It is the native village of the famous Ukrainian writer Bohdan Lepky....
), Castellan of Vilnius
Vilnius
Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 as of 2010. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County...
who reawakened their royal ambitions at the end of the 17th century. An intelligent, well educated man, he married Isabella Morsztyn daughter of the Grand Treasurer of Poland
Podskarbi
Podskarbi in Poland then in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was minister responsible for the treasury. Since 1569 also a senatorial office. The title although meaning treasurer can be deconstructed as "under[King]-treasury" - treasury as an old-fashioned adjective...
and built "The Familia
Familia
Familia was the name of a Polish political party led by the Czartoryski magnates and families allied with them, and formed toward the end of the reign of King August II...
" with their four children, Michał, August, Teodor and Konstancja. The family became known and powerful under the lead of brothers Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski and August Aleksander Czartoryski
August Aleksander Czartoryski
Prince August Aleksander Czartoryski was a Polish-Lithuanian noble , magnate, and founder of the family fortune.August became Major-General of the Polish Army in 1729, voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodship in 1731, General Starost of Podolia in 1750–1758, and a Knight of Malta...
in the late Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
of the 18th century, during the reigns of monarchs Augustus II the Strong
Augustus II the Strong
Frederick Augustus I or Augustus II the Strong was Elector of Saxony and King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania ....
and Stanisław Leszczyński. The family attained the height of its influence from the mid-18th century in the court of August III of Poland. The Czartoryski brothers gained a very powerful ally in their brother-in-law, Stanisław Poniatowski, whose son became the last king of independent Commonwealth, Stanisław August Poniatowski, near the end of the century.
The Czartoryski's Familia
Familia
Familia was the name of a Polish political party led by the Czartoryski magnates and families allied with them, and formed toward the end of the reign of King August II...
have seen the decline of the Commonwealth and the rise of anarchy and joined to camp which was determined to press ahead with the reforms, thus they sought the enactment of such constitutional reforms as the abolition of the liberum veto
Liberum veto
The liberum veto was a parliamentary device in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It allowed any member of the Sejm to force an immediate end to the current session and nullify any legislation that had already been passed at the session by shouting Nie pozwalam! .From the mid-16th to the late 18th...
.
Although the family estate at Puławy was confiscated by Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
in 1794, during the third partition of Poland
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years...
, the Familia continued to wield significant cultural and political influence for decades after, notably through the princes Adam Kazimierz, Adam Jerzy
Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski was a Polish-Lithuanian noble, statesman and author. He was the son of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and Izabela Fleming....
and Konstanty Adam
Konstanty Adam Czartoryski
Prince Konstanty Adam Czartoryski was a Polish szlachcic. Colonel since 1809 in the Duchy of Warsaw and Brigadier General since 1815 in Congress Poland....
.
The Czartoryski family is also renowned for the Czartoryski Museum in Krakow
Czartoryski Museum
The Czartoryski Museum and Library is a museum located in Kraków, Poland, founded in Puławy in 1796 by Princess Izabela Czartoryska. The Puławy collections were partly destroyed after the November uprising of 1830–1831 and the subsequent confiscation of the Czartoryskis' property by the Russians...
and Hôtel Lambert in Paris
Hôtel Lambert
Hôtel Lambert is a hôtel particulier, a grand mansion townhouse, on the Quai Anjou on the eastern tip of the Île Saint-Louis, Paris IVème; the name, Hôtel Lambert, was a sobriquet that designated a 19th-century political faction of Polish exiles, who gathered there.-Architectural history:The house...
.
According to his largely autobiographical novel "Orbitor", renowned contemporary Romanian writer Mircea Cartarescu
Mircea Cartarescu
Mircea Cărtărescu is a Romanian poet, novelist and essayist.Born in Bucharest, he graduated from the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Letters, Department of Romanian Language And Literature, in 1980. Between 1980 and 1989 he worked as a Romanian language teacher, then he worked at the Writers'...
seems to be a descendant of Witold Czartoryski
Witold Czartoryski
Prince Witold Czartoryski was a Polish noble .Duke von Klewán and Zuków.Witold married Maria Grocholska on October 30, 1851 in Paris....
.
Coat of Arms and Motto
The Czartoryski family used the Czartoryski arms and the motto, Bądź co bądź ("Come what may", literally 'let be, that which will be '). Their arms were a modification of the Vytis or Pahonia— the traditional Gediminid (Gediminaičiai) coat-of-arms that is currently the official arms of the Republic of Lithuania and a traditional symbol of BelarusBelarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
.
Notable members
Notable members include:- Major Branch
- Adam Jerzy CzartoryskiAdam Jerzy CzartoryskiPrince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski was a Polish-Lithuanian noble, statesman and author. He was the son of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and Izabela Fleming....
(1770–1861) - Adam Karol CzartoryskiAdam Karol CzartoryskiPrince Adam Karol Jezus Maria Józef Franciszek Salezy and all the Saints Czartoryski, es. Adán Carlos Jesús María José Francisco de Sales y todos los Santos Czartoryski-Bórbon Krasinski y Orléans is a Polish-Spanish aristocrat, the creator of the Princes Czartoryski Foundation, and a patron of the...
(b. 1940) - Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski (1734–1823)
- Adam Ludwik CzartoryskiAdam Ludwik CzartoryskiPrince Adam Ludwik Czartoryski was a Polish nobleman, landowner, and patron of the arts.Adam became the head of the Czartoryski family after the death of his father Władysław. In 1897 he became Ordynat of the Sieniawa Ordynacja property. Capital assets were estimated at 4.5 million Austrian...
(1872–1937) - August Aleksander CzartoryskiAugust Aleksander CzartoryskiPrince August Aleksander Czartoryski was a Polish-Lithuanian noble , magnate, and founder of the family fortune.August became Major-General of the Polish Army in 1729, voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodship in 1731, General Starost of Podolia in 1750–1758, and a Knight of Malta...
(1697–1782) - Augustyn Józef CzartoryskiAugustyn Józef CzartoryskiPrince Augustyn Józef Czartoryski was a Polish noble . He was the son of Prince Adam Ludwik Czartoryski and Countess Maria Ludwika Krasińska....
(1907–1946) - Beatified August Franciszek Czartoryski (1858–1893)
- Izabela Czartoryska
- Kazimierz CzartoryskiKazimierz CzartoryskiPrince Kazimierz Czartoryski was a Polish-Lithuanian magnate.Kazimierz became Podczaszy of Lithuania since 1699, Grand Treasurer of Lithuania in 1707–1709, nominated by King Stanisław Leszczyński. He was also Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania in 1712–1724...
(1674–1741) - Konstanty Adam CzartoryskiKonstanty Adam CzartoryskiPrince Konstanty Adam Czartoryski was a Polish szlachcic. Colonel since 1809 in the Duchy of Warsaw and Brigadier General since 1815 in Congress Poland....
(1773–1860) - Witold CzartoryskiWitold CzartoryskiPrince Witold Czartoryski was a Polish noble .Duke von Klewán and Zuków.Witold married Maria Grocholska on October 30, 1851 in Paris....
(1824–1865) - Władysław (Ladislaus) Czartoryski (1828–1894)
- Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
- Other Branches: Clementicek Zagorski-Czartoryski
-
- Beatified Jan Franciszek CzartoryskiJan Franciszek CzartoryskiPrince Jan Franciszek Czartoryski or Blessed Michał was a Polish noble, Dominican.Jan was activist of the young organisation "Odrodzenie" in Lwów...
(1897–1944) - Jerzy Konstanty CzartoryskiJerzy Konstanty CzartoryskiPrince Jerzy Konstanty Czartoryski was a Polish noble .Jerzy was married to Marie Čermáková, married on May 2, 1861 in Vienna; his brother-in-law was the painter Jaroslav Čermák....
(1828–1912) - Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski (1696–1775)
- Professor Paweł Czartoryski (1924–1999)
- Piotr Michał Czartoryski (1908–1993)
- Roman Jacek CzartoryskiRoman Jacek CzartoryskiPrince Roman Jacek Czartoryski was a Polish noble .Roman was owner of Konarzewo estate. He entered the Polish Army and fought in rank of a Capitan in the Polish-Bolshevik War and in the Invasion of Poland...
(1898–1958) - Witold Leon CzartoryskiWitold Leon CzartoryskiPrince Witold Leon Karol Adam Jarosław Jerzy Czartoryski was a Polish noble and landowner. He served as the general commissar of Galicia and Lodomeria from the end of Russian occupation in 1917 to full incorporation as part of Poland on 1 November 1918...
(1864–1945)
- Beatified Jan Franciszek Czartoryski
See also
- CzartoryskaCzartoryskaCzartoryska is the feminine form the Polish surname Czartoryski . Female members of this family have included:* Antonina Czartoryska , Polish magnate, mother of Izabela Czartoryska...
(disambiguation page for female members of the family) - The Princely Houses of PolandThe Princely Houses of PolandThe Princely Houses of Poland differed from other princely houses in Europe. Most importantly, Polish nobility could not be granted nobility titles by the Polish kings in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth...
- FamiliaFamiliaFamilia was the name of a Polish political party led by the Czartoryski magnates and families allied with them, and formed toward the end of the reign of King August II...
- Czartoryski MuseumCzartoryski MuseumThe Czartoryski Museum and Library is a museum located in Kraków, Poland, founded in Puławy in 1796 by Princess Izabela Czartoryska. The Puławy collections were partly destroyed after the November uprising of 1830–1831 and the subsequent confiscation of the Czartoryskis' property by the Russians...
- Royal CasketRoyal CasketThe Royal Casket was a memorial created in 1800 by Izabela Czartoryska. The large wooden casket contained 73 precious relics that had once belonged to Polish royalty...
- Czartoryski-SchlösselCzartoryski-SchlösselCzartoryski-Schlössel was a palace in the Währing district of Vienna, Austria. It was built in 1807 for the banker Friedrich Jakob van der Nüll, the father of architect Eduard van der Nüll...
- Hotel LambertHôtel LambertHôtel Lambert is a hôtel particulier, a grand mansion townhouse, on the Quai Anjou on the eastern tip of the Île Saint-Louis, Paris IVème; the name, Hôtel Lambert, was a sobriquet that designated a 19th-century political faction of Polish exiles, who gathered there.-Architectural history:The house...
- Princes Czartoryski FoundationPrinces Czartoryski FoundationThe Princes Czartoryski Foundation was established by Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski in 1991 and administering the Czartoryski Museum under the auspices of the National Museum in Kraków, Poland.* Founder & President: Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski...
- Potocki family