Earl Marshal
Encyclopedia
Earl Marshal is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign
of the United Kingdom
used in England
(then, following the Act of Union 1800
, in the United Kingdom
). It is the eighth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Constable
and above the Lord High Admiral
. The Earl Marshal has responsibility for the organisation of State funerals and the monarch's coronation in Westminster Abbey. He is also a leading officer of arms
.
The current Earl Marshal is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
, who inherited the position in 2002. There was formerly an Earl Marshall of Ireland
and Earl Marischal
of Scotland
.
existed in much of Europe, involving managing horses and protecting the monarch
. The office became hereditary under John FitzGilbert the Marshal
(served c.1130—1165) after The Anarchy
. His second son William Marshal, later Earl of Pembroke
made the office very important. He served under several Kings, acted as regent and organised funerals and the regent during Henry III
's childhood. After passing through his daughter's husband to the Dukes of Norfolk
it evolved into "Earl Marshal". The Earl Marshal is the eighth of the Great Officers of State, with the Lord High Constable
above him and only the Lord High Admiral
beneath him.
In the Middle Ages
, the Earl Marshal and the Lord High Constable
were the officers of the king's horses and stables. When chivalry
declined in importance, the constable's post declined, and the Earl Marshal became the head of the College of Arms
, the body concerned with all matters of genealogy
and heraldry
, although the Earl Marshal's connection with heraldry came about almost accidentally. In conjunction with the Lord High Constable he had held a court, known as the Court of Chivalry
, for the administration of justice in accordance with the law of arms
, which was concerned with many subjects relating to military matters, such as ransom, booty and soldiers' wages, and including the misuse of armorial bearings
. The Marshal, as eighth Great Officer of State
, has to organise coronations and the State Opening of Parliament
.
In a declaration made on the 16 June 1673 by Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey
, the Lord Privy Seal
, in reference to a dispute over the exercise of authority over the Officers of Arms
the powers of the Earl Marshal were stated as "to have power to order, judge, and determine all matters touching arms
, ensigns of nobility, honour
, and chivalry; to make laws, ordinances, and statutes for the good government of the Officers of Arms; to nominate Officers to fill vacancies in the College of Arms; to punish and correct Officers of Arms for misbehaviour in the execution of their places". Additionally it was also declared that no patents
of arms or any ensigns of nobility should be granted and no augmentation, alteration, or addition should be made to arms without the consent of the Earl Marshal.
from the reign of Henry VIII until the office was abolished in 1846.
Deputy Earls Marshal have been named at various times, discharging the responsibilities of the office during the minority or infirmity of the Earl Marshal. Prior to an Act of Parliament in 1824, Protestant deputies were required when the Earl Marshal was a Roman Catholic.
, and Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex
(1539–1576).
removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords
, but the Act provided that the Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain
continue for the time being to have seats so as to carry out their ceremonial functions in the House of Lords.
Monarchy of the United Kingdom
The monarchy of the United Kingdom is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The present monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, has reigned since 6 February 1952. She and her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties...
of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
used in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
(then, following the Act of Union 1800
Act of Union 1800
The Acts of Union 1800 describe two complementary Acts, namely:* the Union with Ireland Act 1800 , an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, and...
, in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
). It is the eighth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Constable
Lord High Constable
There are two current and one former royal offices in the United Kingdom of Lord High Constable:* The Lord High Constable of England, the seventh of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Great Chamberlain and above the Earl Marshal...
and above the Lord High Admiral
Lord High Admiral
Lord High Admiral can refer to:* Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom * Lord High Admiral of Scotland* Lord High Admiral of the Wash* Lord High Admiral of Sweden-See also:...
. The Earl Marshal has responsibility for the organisation of State funerals and the monarch's coronation in Westminster Abbey. He is also a leading officer of arms
Officer of arms
An officer of arms is a person appointed by a sovereign or state with authority to perform one or more of the following functions:*to control and initiate armorial matters*to arrange and participate in ceremonies of state...
.
The current Earl Marshal is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, is the son of Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk and his wife Anne Mary Teresa Constable-Maxwell. The principal seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle....
, who inherited the position in 2002. There was formerly an Earl Marshall of Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
and Earl Marischal
Earl Marischal
The title of Earl Marischal was created in the peerage of Scotland for William Keith, the Great Marischal of Scotland.The office of "Marischal of Scotland" had been held heritably by the senior member of the Keith family since Hervey de Keith, who held the office of Marischal under Malcolm IV and...
of Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
.
England
The office of royal marshallMarshall
Marshall may refer to:* "Marshall", a British/Commonwealth spelling for the military rank of marshal* Marshall * Marshall Aerospace, an aerospace contractor based in Cambridge, England* Marshall Amplification, a brand of guitar amplifier...
existed in much of Europe, involving managing horses and protecting the monarch
Monarch
A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
. The office became hereditary under John FitzGilbert the Marshal
John Marshal (Earl Marshal)
John FitzGilbert the Marshal was a minor Anglo-Norman nobleman during the reign of King Stephen, and fought in the 12th century civil war on the side of the Empress Matilda. Since at least 1130 and probably earlier, he had been the royal marshal to King Henry I...
(served c.1130—1165) after The Anarchy
The Anarchy
The Anarchy or The Nineteen-Year Winter was a period of English history during the reign of King Stephen, which was characterised by civil war and unsettled government...
. His second son William Marshal, later Earl of Pembroke
Earl of Pembroke
Earl of Pembroke is a title created ten times, all in the Peerage of England. It was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England. The title is associated with Pembroke, Pembrokeshire in West Wales, which is the site of Earldom's original seat Pembroke Castle...
made the office very important. He served under several Kings, acted as regent and organised funerals and the regent during Henry III
Henry III
Henry III may refer to:*Henry III, Duke of Bavaria *Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor *Henry the Lion, Henry III of Saxony, *Henry III of England *Henry III, Count of Champagne, , also King Henry I of Navarre...
's childhood. After passing through his daughter's husband to the Dukes of Norfolk
Duke of Norfolk
The Duke of Norfolk is the premier duke in the peerage of England, and also, as Earl of Arundel, the premier earl. The Duke of Norfolk is, moreover, the Earl Marshal and hereditary Marshal of England. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle in Sussex, although the title refers to the...
it evolved into "Earl Marshal". The Earl Marshal is the eighth of the Great Officers of State, with the Lord High Constable
Lord High Constable of England
The Lord High Constable of England is the seventh of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Great Chamberlain and above the Earl Marshal. His office is now called out of abeyance only for coronations. The Lord High Constable was originally the commander of the royal armies and the...
above him and only the Lord High Admiral
Admiralty
The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the Kingdom of England, and later in the United Kingdom, responsible for the command of the Royal Navy...
beneath him.
In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
, the Earl Marshal and the Lord High Constable
Lord High Constable of England
The Lord High Constable of England is the seventh of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Great Chamberlain and above the Earl Marshal. His office is now called out of abeyance only for coronations. The Lord High Constable was originally the commander of the royal armies and the...
were the officers of the king's horses and stables. When chivalry
Chivalry
Chivalry is a term related to the medieval institution of knighthood which has an aristocratic military origin of individual training and service to others. Chivalry was also the term used to refer to a group of mounted men-at-arms as well as to martial valour...
declined in importance, the constable's post declined, and the Earl Marshal became the head of the College of Arms
College of Arms
The College of Arms, or Heralds’ College, is an office regulating heraldry and granting new armorial bearings for England, Wales and Northern Ireland...
, the body concerned with all matters of genealogy
Genealogy
Genealogy is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history. Genealogists use oral traditions, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kinship and pedigrees of its members...
and heraldry
Heraldry
Heraldry is the profession, study, or art of creating, granting, and blazoning arms and ruling on questions of rank or protocol, as exercised by an officer of arms. Heraldry comes from Anglo-Norman herald, from the Germanic compound harja-waldaz, "army commander"...
, although the Earl Marshal's connection with heraldry came about almost accidentally. In conjunction with the Lord High Constable he had held a court, known as the Court of Chivalry
Court of Chivalry
Her Majesty's High Court of Chivalry of England and Wales is a civil court in England. It has had jurisdiction in cases of the misuse of heraldic arms since the fourteenth century....
, for the administration of justice in accordance with the law of arms
Law of Arms
The law of heraldic arms governs the "bearing of arms", that is, the possession, use or display of arms, also called coats of arms, coat armour or armorial bearings. Although it is believed that the original function of coats of arms was to enable knights to identify each other on the battlefield,...
, which was concerned with many subjects relating to military matters, such as ransom, booty and soldiers' wages, and including the misuse of armorial bearings
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
. The Marshal, as eighth Great Officer of State
Great Officer of State
In the United Kingdom, the Great Officers of State are traditional Crown ministers, who either inherit their positions or are appointed to exercise certain largely ceremonial functions. Separate Great Officers exist for England and Scotland, and formerly for Ireland...
, has to organise coronations and the State Opening of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories, located in London...
.
In a declaration made on the 16 June 1673 by Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey
Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey
Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey PC was an Anglo-Irish royalist statesman. After short periods as President of the Council of State and Treasurer of the Navy, he served as Lord Privy Seal between 1673 and 1682 for Charles II...
, the Lord Privy Seal
Lord Privy Seal
The Lord Privy Seal is the fifth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord President of the Council and above the Lord Great Chamberlain. The office is one of the traditional sinecure offices of state...
, in reference to a dispute over the exercise of authority over the Officers of Arms
Officer of arms
An officer of arms is a person appointed by a sovereign or state with authority to perform one or more of the following functions:*to control and initiate armorial matters*to arrange and participate in ceremonies of state...
the powers of the Earl Marshal were stated as "to have power to order, judge, and determine all matters touching arms
Heraldry
Heraldry is the profession, study, or art of creating, granting, and blazoning arms and ruling on questions of rank or protocol, as exercised by an officer of arms. Heraldry comes from Anglo-Norman herald, from the Germanic compound harja-waldaz, "army commander"...
, ensigns of nobility, honour
Honour
Honour or honor is an abstract concept entailing a perceived quality of worthiness and respectability that affects both the social standing and the self-evaluation of an individual or corporate body such as a family, school, regiment or nation...
, and chivalry; to make laws, ordinances, and statutes for the good government of the Officers of Arms; to nominate Officers to fill vacancies in the College of Arms; to punish and correct Officers of Arms for misbehaviour in the execution of their places". Additionally it was also declared that no patents
Letters patent
Letters patent are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch or president, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or corporation...
of arms or any ensigns of nobility should be granted and no augmentation, alteration, or addition should be made to arms without the consent of the Earl Marshal.
Deputy Earls Marshal
The position of Earl Marshal had a Deputy called the Knight MarshalKnight Marshal
The Knight Marshal is a former office in the British Royal Household established by King Henry III in 1236. The position later became a Deputy to the Earl Marshal from the reign of Henry VIII until the office was abolished in 1846 ....
from the reign of Henry VIII until the office was abolished in 1846.
Deputy Earls Marshal have been named at various times, discharging the responsibilities of the office during the minority or infirmity of the Earl Marshal. Prior to an Act of Parliament in 1824, Protestant deputies were required when the Earl Marshal was a Roman Catholic.
- Charles Howard, 1st Earl of CarlisleCharles Howard, 1st Earl of CarlisleCharles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle was an English politician and military leader.The first in the Howard line of earls, he was the son and heir of Sir William Howard, of Naworth in Cumberland, by Mary, daughter of William, Lord Eure, and great-grandson of Lord William Howard, "Belted Will" , the...
1673–? - Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of CarlisleCharles Howard, 3rd Earl of CarlisleCharles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle, PC was a British statesman and member of the peerage of England.Charles Howard was the eldest son of Edward Howard and inherited his title on the death of his father in 1692. He married in 1683 Lady Anne de Vere Capell, daughter of Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of...
1701–1706 - Henry Howard, 6th Earl of Suffolk, 1st Earl of BindonHenry Howard, 6th Earl of SuffolkHenry Howard, 6th Earl of Suffolk, 1st Earl of Bindon PC was an English nobleman, styled Lord Walden from 1691 to 1706....
1706–1718 - Henry Bowes Howard, 4th Earl of Berkshire 1718–1725
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1725–1731 - Francis Howard, 1st Earl of EffinghamFrancis Howard, 1st Earl of EffinghamBrigadier-General Francis Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham was an English peer and army officer....
1731–1743 - Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of EffinghamThomas Howard, 2nd Earl of EffinghamLieutenant-General Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Effingham , styled Lord Howard from 1731 to 1743, was a British nobleman and Army officer, the son of Francis Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham....
1743–1763 - Henry Howard, 12th Earl of Suffolk, 5th Earl of BerkshireHenry Howard, 12th Earl of SuffolkHenry Howard, 12th Earl of Suffolk, 5th Earl of Berkshire, KG, PC was a British politician, styled Viscount Andover from 1756 to 1757....
1763–1765 - Richard Lumley-Saunderson, 4th Earl of ScarbroughRichard Lumley-Saunderson, 4th Earl of ScarbroughRichard Lumley-Saunderson, 4th Earl of Scarbrough PC was a British peer, styled Viscount Lumley from 1740 to 1752.He was appointed a deputy lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire on 4 August 1757...
1765–1777 - Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of EffinghamThomas Howard, 3rd Earl of EffinghamLieutenant-Colonel Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham PC , styled Lord Howard until 1763, was a British nobleman and Army officer, the son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Effingham....
1777–1782 - Charles Howard, Earl of SurreyCharles Howard, 11th Duke of NorfolkCharles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk , styled Earl of Surrey from 1777 to 1786, was a British peer, the son of Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk and Catherine Brockholes....
1782–1786 - Lord Henry Howard-Molyneux-HowardLord Henry Howard-Molyneux-HowardLord Henry Thomas Howard-Molyneux-Howard , known as Henry Thomas Howard until 1812 and Henry Thomas Molyneux-Howard until 1817, was a British gentleman who served as Deputy Earl Marshal in the latter part of the reign of George III and early in the reign of George IV.Howard was the son of Henry...
1816–1824 - Lord Edward Fitzalan-HowardEdward Fitzalan-Howard, 1st Baron Howard of GlossopEdward George Fitzalan-Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Glossop PC , styled Lord Edward Howard between 1842 and 1869, was a British Liberal politician...
1861–1868 - Edmund Fitzalan-Howard, 1st Viscount Fitzalan of DerwentEdmund FitzAlan-Howard, 1st Viscount FitzAlan of DerwentEdmund Bernard FitzAlan-Howard, 1st Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent KG, PC , known as Lord Edmund Talbot between 1876 and 1921, was a British Conservative politician and the last Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.-Background:...
1917–1929 - Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey 2000–2002
Ireland
Among the men who have held the title of Earl Marshal of Ireland are William Marshal, 1st Earl of PembrokeWilliam Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
Sir William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke , also called William the Marshal , was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman. He was described as the "greatest knight that ever lived" by Stephen Langton...
, and Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex
Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex
Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex, KG , an English nobleman and general. From 1573 until his death he fought in Ireland in connection with the Plantation of Ulster, where he ordered the massacre of Rathlin Island...
(1539–1576).
United Kingdom
The House of Lords Act 1999House of Lords Act 1999
The House of Lords Act 1999 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was given Royal Assent on 11 November 1999. The Act reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats;...
removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
, but the Act provided that the Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain
Lord Great Chamberlain
The Lord Great Chamberlain of England is the sixth of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Privy Seal and above the Lord High Constable...
continue for the time being to have seats so as to carry out their ceremonial functions in the House of Lords.
Lords Marshal of England, 1135–1397
- John MarshalJohn Marshal (Earl Marshal)John FitzGilbert the Marshal was a minor Anglo-Norman nobleman during the reign of King Stephen, and fought in the 12th century civil war on the side of the Empress Matilda. Since at least 1130 and probably earlier, he had been the royal marshal to King Henry I...
1105–1165 - Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of PembrokeGilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of PembrokeGilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare , son of Gilbert Fitz Richard and Alice de Claremont, was sometimes referred to as "Strongbow", although his son is better remembered by this name, was the first Earl of Pembroke from 1138....
1135–1149 - Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of PembrokeRichard de Clare, 2nd Earl of PembrokeRichard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland . Like his father, he was also commonly known as Strongbow...
1149–1176 - William Marshal, 1st Earl of PembrokeWilliam Marshal, 1st Earl of PembrokeSir William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke , also called William the Marshal , was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman. He was described as the "greatest knight that ever lived" by Stephen Langton...
1199–1219 - William Marshal, 2nd Earl of PembrokeWilliam Marshal, 2nd Earl of PembrokeWilliam Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke was a medieval English nobleman, and the son of the famous William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke.-Early life:William was born in Normandy probably during the spring of 1190...
1219–1231 - Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of PembrokeRichard Marshal, 3rd Earl of PembrokeRichard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke was the brother of William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, whom he succeeded to the Earldom of Pembroke and Lord Marshal of England upon his brother's death on 6 April 1231....
1231–1234 - Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of PembrokeGilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of PembrokeGilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke was the third son of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, the daughter of Richard de Clare....
1234–1242 - Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of PembrokeWalter Marshal, 5th Earl of PembrokeWalter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke was the fourth son of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke who succeeded his childless brother Gilbert as the 5th Earl of Pembroke and Earl Marshal of England in 1242 a year after the latter's death...
1242–1245 - Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of PembrokeAnselm Marshal, 6th Earl of PembrokeAnselm Marshal was the sixth Earl of Pembroke and Earl Marshal of England, the youngest and last of the five sons of William Marshal to hold that post...
1245 - Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of NorfolkRoger Bigod, 4th Earl of NorfolkRoger Bigod was 4th Earl of Norfolk and Marshal of England.He was the son of Hugh Bigod, and Matilda, a daughter of William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke and Marshal of England. After the death of his father in 1225 Roger became the ward of William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury...
1245–1269 - Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of NorfolkRoger Bigod, 5th Earl of NorfolkRoger Bigod was 5th Earl of Norfolk.He was the son of Hugh Bigod , and succeeded his uncle, Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk as earl in 1270....
1269–1307 - Robert de Clifford 1307–1308 (1st Baron de CliffordBaron de CliffordBaron de Clifford is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1299 for Robert de Clifford. The title was created by writ, which means that it can descend through both male and female lines. The de Clifford family settled in England after the Norman conquest and were a notable family in...
?) - Nicholas Segrave, Lord Segrave 1308–1315 (or Baron of Stowe (?))
- Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of NorfolkThomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of NorfolkThomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Lord Marshal of England was the son of Edward I of England and Margaret of France.-Early life:...
1315–1338 - Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk 1338–1377
- Henry Percy, Lord PercyHenry Percy, 1st Earl of NorthumberlandHenry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy, titular King of Mann, KG, Lord Marshal was the son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy and a descendent of Henry III of England. His mother was Mary of Lancaster, daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund, Earl of Leicester and...
1377 - John FitzAlan, 1st Baron ArundelJohn FitzAlan, 1st Baron ArundelJohn FitzAlan , 1st Baron Arundel was a Lord Marshal or Marshal of England.- Lineage :He was born in Etchingham, Sussex, England to Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel and his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster...
, Lord Maltravers 1377–1383 - Thomas Mowbray, 1st Earl of NottinghamThomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of NorfolkThomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, KG, Lord Marshal and Earl Marshal was an English nobleman.-Life:...
1383–1397
Earls Marshal of England, 1397-present
- Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of NorfolkThomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of NorfolkThomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, KG, Lord Marshal and Earl Marshal was an English nobleman.-Life:...
1397–1398 - Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of SurreyThomas Holland, 1st Duke of SurreyThomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Kent, 4th Baron Holland, KG, Earl Marshal was an English nobleman.-Early life and family:...
1398–1399 - Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland 1400–1412
- John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of NorfolkJohn de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of NorfolkSir John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, 9th Baron Segrave, 8th Baron Mowbray KG, Earl Marshal was an English nobleman....
1412–1432 - John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of NorfolkJohn de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of NorfolkSir John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk KG, Earl Marshal was an important player in the Wars of the Roses.He was the son of John Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and Lady Katherine Neville...
1432–1461 - John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of NorfolkJohn de Mowbray, 4th Duke of NorfolkJohn de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk, KG , known as 1st Earl of Surrey between 1451 and 1461, was the only son of John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and Eleanor Bourchier. His maternal grandparents were William Bourchier, Count of Eu and Anne of Gloucester.In 1451 the earldom of Surrey was...
1461–1476 - Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of NorfolkAnne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of NorfolkAnne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk, later Duchess of York and Duchess of Norfolk was the child bride of Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, one of the Princes in the Tower...
1476-1483 (Countess Marshal) - Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of YorkRichard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of YorkRichard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, 1st Duke of Norfolk, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Earl Marshal was the sixth child and second son of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville. He was born in Shrewsbury....
1476–1483 - Sir Thomas Grey 1476-1483
- John Howard, 1st Duke of NorfolkJohn Howard, 1st Duke of NorfolkJohn Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal was an English nobleman, soldier, and the first Howard Duke of Norfolk...
1483–1485 - William de Berkeley, 1st Marquess of BerkeleyWilliam de Berkeley, 1st Marquess of BerkeleyWilliam de Berkeley, 1st Marquess of Berkeley was an English peer, who also went by the nickname of William 'the Wass all'. He was buried at "St...
1486–1497 - Henry Tudor, Duke of YorkHenry VIII of EnglandHenry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...
1497–1509 - Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 2nd Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal , styled Earl of Surrey from 1483 to 1514, was the only son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk by his first wife, Katherine Moleyns...
1509–1524 - Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 3rd Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal was a prominent Tudor politician. He was uncle to Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, two of the wives of King Henry VIII, and played a major role in the machinations behind these marriages...
1524–1547 - Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of SomersetEdward Seymour, 1st Duke of SomersetEdward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp of Hache, KG, Earl Marshal was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in 1547 and his own indictment in 1549....
1547–1551 - John Dudley, 1st Duke of NorthumberlandJohn Dudley, 1st Duke of NorthumberlandJohn Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG was an English general, admiral, and politician, who led the government of the young King Edward VI from 1550 until 1553, and unsuccessfully tried to install Lady Jane Grey on the English throne after the King's death...
1551–1553 - Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 3rd Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal was a prominent Tudor politician. He was uncle to Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, two of the wives of King Henry VIII, and played a major role in the machinations behind these marriages...
, restored 1553–1554 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 4th Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal was an English nobleman.Norfolk was the son of the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. He was taught as a child by John Foxe, the Protestant martyrologist, who remained a lifelong recipient of Norfolk's patronage...
1554–1572 - George Talbot, 6th Earl of ShrewsburyGeorge Talbot, 6th Earl of ShrewsburyGeorge Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, 6th Earl of Waterford, 12th Baron Talbot, KG, Earl Marshal was a 16th century English statesman.-Life:...
1572–1590 - in commission 1590–1597
- Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of EssexRobert Devereux, 2nd Earl of EssexRobert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, KG was an English nobleman and a favourite of Elizabeth I. Politically ambitious, and a committed general, he was placed under house arrest following a poor campaign in Ireland during the Nine Years' War in 1599...
1597–1601 - in commission 1602–1603
- Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of WorcesterEdward Somerset, 4th Earl of WorcesterEdward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester, KG, Earl Marshal was an English aristocrat. He was an important advisor to King James I, serving as Lord Privy Seal....
1603 - in commission 1604–1622
- Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey 1622–1646
- Henry Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey 1646–1652
- ??? 1652–1661
- James Howard, 3rd Earl of SuffolkJames Howard, 3rd Earl of SuffolkJames Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, Earl Marshal , was grandson of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, and was himself 3rd Earl of Suffolk and 3rd Baron Howard de Walden.-Family:...
1661–1662 - in commission 1662–1672
- Henry Howard, 6th Duke of NorfolkHenry Howard, 6th Duke of NorfolkHenry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk was the second son of Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel and Lady Elizabeth Stuart. He succeeded his brother Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk after his death in 1677...
1672–1684 - Henry Howard, 7th Duke of NorfolkHenry Howard, 7th Duke of NorfolkHenry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk, KG, PC, Earl Marshal was a politician and soldier. He was the son of Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk and Lady Anne Somerset, daughter of Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester and Elizabeth Dormer.He married Mary Mordaunt, the only daughter and heiress of...
1684–1701 - Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 8th Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal was the son of Lord Thomas Howard and Mary Elizabeth Savile. Upon his uncle's death, he gained the title of 17th Baron Furnivall and 8th Duke of Norfolk...
1701–1732 - Edward Howard, 9th Duke of NorfolkEdward Howard, 9th Duke of NorfolkEdward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal was a British peer. The son of Lord Thomas Howard and Mary Elizabeth Savile, he succeeded as Duke of Norfolk in 1732, after the death of his brother, Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk.He married Mary Blount , daughter of Edward Blount and Anne...
1732–1777 - Charles Howard, 10th Duke of NorfolkCharles Howard, 10th Duke of NorfolkCharles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal , the son of Henry Charles Howard and Mary Aylward . He married Catherine Brockholes , daughter of John Brockholes, on 8 November 1739...
1777–1786 - Charles Howard, 11th Duke of NorfolkCharles Howard, 11th Duke of NorfolkCharles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk , styled Earl of Surrey from 1777 to 1786, was a British peer, the son of Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk and Catherine Brockholes....
1786–1815 - Bernard Edward Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk 1815–1842
- Henry Charles Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk 1842–1856
- Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk 1856–1860
- Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of NorfolkHenry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of NorfolkHenry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, , styled Baron Maltravers until 1856 and Earl of Arundel and Surrey between 1856 and 1860, was a British Unionist politician and philanthropist...
1860–1917 - Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk 1917–1975
- Miles Francis Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk 1975-2002
- Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk 2002–
See also
- Lord Lyon King of ArmsLord Lyon King of ArmsThe Lord Lyon King of Arms, the head of Lyon Court, is the most junior of the Great Officers of State in Scotland and is the Scottish official with responsibility for regulating heraldry in that country, issuing new grants of arms, and serving as the judge of the Court of the Lord Lyon, the oldest...