European Union statistics
Encyclopedia
Institutional statistics
Area and population
As of 1 January 2006, the population of the EU was about 493 million people. Many countries are expected to experience a decline in population over the coming decades, though this could be offset with new countries planning to join the EU within the next 20 years. The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82 million people. France and Ireland have the highest birth-rates. The most densely populatedPopulation density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
country is the island
Island
An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, cays or keys. An island in a river or lake may be called an eyot , or holm...
of Malta
Malta
Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
, which is also the smallest, while the largest in area is France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. The least densely populated country is Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
.
Population figures in the table below are the latest available for each country (some are 2006 estimates, others are 2007 estimates). The highest and lowest figures in each column have been marked in bold.
Member State | Population in millions | Population % of EU | Area km2 | Area % of EU | Pop. density People/km2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
494.8 | 100% | 4,422,773 | 100% | 112 | |
8.3 | 1.7% | 83,858 | 1.9% | 99 | |
10.5 | 2.1% | 30,510 | 0.7% | 344 | |
7.7 | 1.6% | 110,912 | 2.5% | 70 | |
0.8 | 0.2% | 9,250 | 0.2% | 84 | |
10.3 | 2.1% | 78,866 | 1.8% | 131 | |
5.4 | 1.1% | 43,094 | 1.0% | 126 | |
1.4 | 0.3% | 45,226 | 1.0% | 29 | |
5.3 | 1.1% | 337,030 | 7.6% | 16 | |
65.03 | 13.% | 643,548 | 14.6% | 111 | |
82.3 | 16.6% | 357,021 | 8.1% | 231 | |
11.1 | 2.2% | 131,940 | 3.0% | 84 | |
10.1 | 2.0% | 93,030 | 2.1% | 108 | |
4.2 | 0.8% | 70,280 | 1.6% | 60 | |
58.8 | 11.9% | 301,320 | 6.8% | 195 | |
2.3 | 0.5% | 64,589 | 1.5% | 35 | |
3.4 | 0.7% | 65,200 | 1.5% | 52 | |
0.5 | 0.1% | 2,586 | 0.1% | 181 | |
0.4 | 0.1% | 316 | 0.0% | 1,261 | |
16.4 | 3.3% | 41,526 | 0.9% | 394 | |
38.1 | 7.7% | 312,685 | 7.1% | 122 | |
10.6 | 2.1% | 92,931 | 2.1% | 114 | |
21.6 | 4.4% | 238,391 | 5.4% | 91 | |
44.7 | 9.0% | 504,782 | 11.4% | 87 | |
5.4 | 1.1% | 48,845 | 1.1% | 111 | |
2.0 | 0.4% | 20,253 | 0.5% | 99 | |
9.1 | 1.8% | 449,964 | 10.2% | 20 | |
60.7 | 12.3% | 244,820 | 5.5% | 246 |
EU budget
The primary resource for funding the European Union is the contributions sought from member states. Each member state contributes to the EU budget, and receives funding back from the EU, depending on the relative wealth of the states, i.e. their ability to pay.The table below shows the contributions as a percentage of the total budget. This takes into account the special considerations given to the United Kingdom to reduce its contribution through a rebate
UK rebate
The UK rebate is a rebate on the United Kingdom's contribution to the EU budget paid back to the UK government by the European Union.-History:...
. Expenditure in Luxembourg, Belgium and France include items for the EU administrative centres in each of those countries.
Member State | Total Contribution in Euro Euro The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,... |
Total Contribution as % of total EU budget |
Total Expenditure year 2006 in Euro Euro The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,... |
Total Expenditure as % of total EU budget |
---|---|---|---|---|
105 259 468 772 | 100.00% | 106 575 500 000 | 100.00% | |
22 218 438 941 | 21.11% | 12 242 400 000 | 11.49% | |
17 303 107 859 | 16.44% | 13 496 200 000 | 12.66% | |
14 359 479 157 | 13.64% | 10 922 300 000 | 10.25% | |
13 739 900 046 | 13.05% | 8 294 200 000 | 7.78% | |
8 957 286 488 | 8.51% | 12 883 000 000 | 12.09% | |
5 552 933 781 | 5.28% | 2 190 400 000 | 2.06% | |
4 035 286 807 | 3.83% | 5 625 100 000 | 5.28% | |
2 832 862 800 | 2.69% | 1 573 400 000 | 1.48% | |
2 308 432 030 | 2.19% | 1 830 100 000 | 1.72% | |
2 130 860 212 | 2.02% | 1 501 900 000 | 1.41% | |
2 099 087 114 | 1.99% | 5 305 600 000 | 4.98% | |
1 882 611 879 | 1.79% | 6 833 700 000 | 6.41% | |
1 544 832 284 | 1.47% | 1 280 400 000 | 1.20% | |
1 443 049 602 | 1.37% | 3 634 800 000 | 3.41% | |
1 341 281 313 | 1.27% | 2 461 800 000 | 2.31% | |
1 003 119 411 | 0.95% | 1 842 200 000 | 1.73% | |
932 392 859 | 0.89% | 1 330 000 000 | 1.25% | |
393 148 777 | 0.37% | 696 200 000 | 0.65% | |
299 993 572 | 0.29% | 406 000 000 | 0.38% | |
241 439 011 | 0.23% | 1 194 800 000 | 1.12% | |
221 997 405 | 0.21% | 799 800 000 | 0.75% | |
144 556 416 | 0.14% | 239 600 000 | 0.22% | |
115 205 431 | 0.11% | 402 600 000 | 0.24% | |
100 756 308 | 0.10% | 300 000 000 | 0.28% | |
57 409 269 | 0.05% | 157 000 000 | 0.14% | |
360 600 000 | 0.34% | |||
693 100 000 | 0.65% | |||
Proportion of non-EU nationals
In most EU cities, there is a proportion of its inhabitants which are not nationals of the European Union.EWLINE
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Freedom and governance-related rankings
There are many indices available on issues such as corruptionPolitical corruption
Political corruption is the use of legislated powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by...
, development
Economic development
Economic development generally refers to the sustained, concerted actions of policymakers and communities that promote the standard of living and economic health of a specific area...
, and freedom
Freedom (political)
Political freedom is a central philosophy in Western history and political thought, and one of the most important features of democratic societies...
.
Freedom of the press
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Reporters sans frontières conducts an annual survey on the freedom of the press
Freedom of the press
Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the freedom of communication and expression through vehicles including various electronic media and published materials...
and produces scores (not shown here) for each country. In 2009, Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
, Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
, Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
and Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
were jointly proclaimed as having the freest press in the European Union, and indeed the world, with a score of 0.00 (the highest possible score). Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
was ranked as having the least free press, with a score of 15.61.
There is no data available for Malta
Malta
Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
, and hence it is not included in the statistics.
Economic freedom
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An index of Economic Freedom
Index of Economic Freedom
The Index of Economic Freedom is a series of 10 economic measurements created by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal. Its stated objective is to measure the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations....
is produced by the Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation
Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation is a conservative American think tank based in Washington, D.C. Heritage's stated mission is to "formulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong...
. It uses 50 different variables to compile the survey, in areas such as trade
Trade
Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and...
policy and government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...
intervention. Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
ranks highest amongst EU nations in terms of these variables.
A similar index produced by the World Economic Forum
World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum is a Swiss non-profit foundation, based in Cologny, Geneva, best known for its annual meeting in Davos, a mountain resort in Graubünden, in the eastern Alps region of Switzerland....
is its Global Competitiveness Index.
Source: 2009 Index of Economic Freedom.
Colour Codes |
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Free |
Mostly Free |
Moderately Free |
Mostly Unfree |
Perception of corruption
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Transparency International
Transparency International
Transparency International is a non-governmental organization that monitors and publicizes corporate and political corruption in international development. It publishes an annual Corruption Perceptions Index, a comparative listing of corruption worldwide...
is an international NGO
Non-governmental organization
A non-governmental organization is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government. The term originated from the United Nations , and is normally used to refer to organizations that do not form part of the government and are...
publishing an annual Global Corruption Report
Global Corruption Report
The Global Corruption Report is an annual report, covering the period from July to June, which provides analysis on the level of corruption across several nations of the world. The report is produced by Transparency International and in 2007 is in its sixth year of publication. It began in 2001...
indicating the perception of corruption
around the world. The rankings of the table refer to the Corruption Perceptions Index 2010 http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results.
Human development
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The Human Development Index
Human Development Index
The Human Development Index is a composite statistic used to rank countries by level of "human development" and separate "very high human development", "high human development", "medium human development", and "low human development" countries...
is a measure produced by the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
which covers three aspects of human development:
- povertyPovertyPoverty is the lack of a certain amount of material possessions or money. Absolute poverty or destitution is inability to afford basic human needs, which commonly includes clean and fresh water, nutrition, health care, education, clothing and shelter. About 1.7 billion people are estimated to live...
(GDPGross domestic productGross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
per capita) - educationEducationEducation in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
(mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling) - healthHealthHealth is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain...
(life expectancyLife expectancyLife expectancy is the expected number of years of life remaining at a given age. It is denoted by ex, which means the average number of subsequent years of life for someone now aged x, according to a particular mortality experience...
)
The rankings of the table refer to the UNDP Human Development Report 2010 (2009 data). The UN lists all 27 EU member states as countries with high human development.
Income equality
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Income inequality
Income inequality metrics
The concept of inequality is distinct from that of poverty and fairness. Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are used by social scientists to measure the distribution of income, and economic inequality among the participants in a particular economy, such as that of a specific...
, measured by the gini coefficient
Gini coefficient
The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion developed by the Italian statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini and published in his 1912 paper "Variability and Mutability" ....
is how evenly incomes are distributed through the population. Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
has the least income inequality with a gini coefficient score of 24.4, whilst Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
has the most income inequality with a score of 38.5. Malta
Malta
Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
, Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
, and Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
have no statistics available, and so are not included in this table. These statistics have been compiled by the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
(see http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006)
Ease of doing business
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The Ease of Doing Business Index
Ease of Doing Business Index
The Ease of Doing Business Index is an index created by the World Bank. Higher rankings indicate better, usually simpler, regulations for businesses and stronger protections of property rights...
is created by the World Bank
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes.The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty...
and based on the study of laws and regulations, with the input and verification by more than 3,500 government officials, lawyers, business consultants, accountants and other professionals who routinely advise on or administer legal and regulatory requirements.
The data in the table are from the 2010 report.
See also
- Enlargement of the European UnionEnlargement of the European UnionThe Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union through the accession of new member states. This process began with the Inner Six, who founded the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952...
- European UnionEuropean UnionThe European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
- EurostatEurostatEurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg. Its main responsibilities are to provide the European Union with statistical information at European level and to promote the integration of statistical methods across the Member States of the European Union,...
- European statistics body - Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limitsLargest cities of the European Union by population within city limitsThis is a list of the largest cities in the European Union by population within city limits which have more than 300,000 inhabitants. It deals exclusively with the areas within city administrative boundaries as opposed to urban areas or metropolitan areas, which are generally larger in terms of...
- List of European Union member states by population
- Largest urban areas of the European UnionLargest urban areas of the European UnionThis is a list of all the urban areas of the European Union which have greater than 750,000 inhabitants each in 2011.This list is an attempt to present a consistent list of population figures for urban areas in the European Union. All the figures here have been compiled by Demographia.-Important...
and Larger Urban Zones (LUZ) in the European Union - OSCE countries statistics
Sources
External links
- Eurostat - Statistics Explained
- Health-EU Portal Health Statistics