Foreign Policy Research Institute
Encyclopedia
The Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI) is an American
neoconservative think tank
based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
. It is "devoted to bringing the insights of scholarship
to bear on the development of policies that advance U.S. national interests."
The Institute conducts research on geopolitics
, international relations
, and international security
in the various regions of the world as well as on ethnic conflict, U.S. national security, terrorism
, and on think tank
s themselves. It publishes a quarterly journal, Orbis
, as well as a series of monographs and books. It publishes bulletins distributed electronically about 50 times a year.
Robert Strausz-Hupé
. A native of Vienna
, Strausz-Hupé immigrated to the United States
in 1923 to work as an investment banker. Alarmed by the 1938 Anschluss
, he began to lecture on the dangers posed by Nazi Germany
, which in turn led to a teaching position at the University of Pennsylvania
in 1940, where he also earned his masters and doctoral degrees.
Dissatisfied with the containment
strategy of John Foster Dulles
and the Eisenhower Administration's foreign policy in general, he founded FPRI in 1955 with support from the University of Pennsylvania and the Smith Richardson Foundation
. In 1957 publication commenced of the Institute's quarterly, Orbis. Among FPRI's notable early scholars were Hans Kohn
, William Kintner
, Henry Kissinger
, James Schlesinger, and Lawrence Krause.
For most of its history, FPRI was deeply immersed in the intellectual prosecution of the Cold War
. It urged the Western world
to unite under the leadership of the U.S. to combat the Soviet Union
and international communism
. In doing so, however, it drew increasing criticism—notably, by name from Senator
William Fulbright—and became increasingly marginalized from academia; it became independent of Penn in 1970. Ironically, it would also be the start of Strausz-Hupé's twenty-year career as a diplomat, when Richard Nixon
appointed him Ambassador to Ceylon
.
At a peak of influence during the Reagan Administration
, when it was under the leadership of Daniel Pipes
, the end of the Cold War has caused FPRI to refocus its attention on other projects. Notably, it has identified a special focus on education in international affairs, sponsoring various programs in Philadelphia area schools as well as conferences and seminars for high school
and junior college
teachers and lectures for the general public.
The US-led War on Terrorism
is also a central topic of FPRI research. In March 2003, it received a grant from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
to study sources of potential terrorist threats to the state, and how to manage the risks.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
neoconservative think tank
Think tank
A think tank is an organization that conducts research and engages in advocacy in areas such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, and technology issues. Most think tanks are non-profit organizations, which some countries such as the United States and Canada provide with tax...
based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States,...
. It is "devoted to bringing the insights of scholarship
Scholarship
A scholarship is an award of financial aid for a student to further education. Scholarships are awarded on various criteria usually reflecting the values and purposes of the donor or founder of the award.-Types:...
to bear on the development of policies that advance U.S. national interests."
The Institute conducts research on geopolitics
Geopolitics
Geopolitics, from Greek Γη and Πολιτική in broad terms, is a theory that describes the relation between politics and territory whether on local or international scale....
, international relations
International relations
International relations is the study of relationships between countries, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations , international nongovernmental organizations , non-governmental organizations and multinational corporations...
, and international security
International security
International security consists of the measures taken by nations and international organizations, such as the United Nations, to ensure mutual survival and safety. These measures include military action and diplomatic agreements such as treaties and conventions. International and national security...
in the various regions of the world as well as on ethnic conflict, U.S. national security, terrorism
Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
, and on think tank
Think tank
A think tank is an organization that conducts research and engages in advocacy in areas such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, and technology issues. Most think tanks are non-profit organizations, which some countries such as the United States and Canada provide with tax...
s themselves. It publishes a quarterly journal, Orbis
Orbis (foreign policy)
Orbis is a quarterly American journal on international relations and U.S. foreign policy. It is the flagship publication of the Philadelphia-based Foreign Policy Research Institute , an international affairs think tank established in 1955....
, as well as a series of monographs and books. It publishes bulletins distributed electronically about 50 times a year.
History
FPRI was founded by AmbassadorAmbassador
An ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents a nation and is usually accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization....
Robert Strausz-Hupé
Robert Strausz-Hupé
Robert Strausz-Hupé was a U.S. diplomat and geopolitician.In 1923 he immigrated to the United States. Serving as an advisor on foreign investment to American financial institutions, he watched the Depression spread political misery across America and Europe...
. A native of Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, Strausz-Hupé immigrated to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
in 1923 to work as an investment banker. Alarmed by the 1938 Anschluss
Anschluss
The Anschluss , also known as the ', was the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938....
, he began to lecture on the dangers posed by Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
, which in turn led to a teaching position at the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...
in 1940, where he also earned his masters and doctoral degrees.
Dissatisfied with the containment
Containment
Containment was a United States policy using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to stall the spread of communism, enhance America’s security and influence abroad, and prevent a "domino effect". A component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet...
strategy of John Foster Dulles
John Foster Dulles
John Foster Dulles served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era, advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world...
and the Eisenhower Administration's foreign policy in general, he founded FPRI in 1955 with support from the University of Pennsylvania and the Smith Richardson Foundation
Smith Richardson Foundation
The Smith Richardson Foundation is a private foundation based in Westport, Connecticut, that supports policy research in the realms of foreign and domestic public policy....
. In 1957 publication commenced of the Institute's quarterly, Orbis. Among FPRI's notable early scholars were Hans Kohn
Hans Kohn
Hans Kohn was a Jewish philosopher and historian. Born in Prague during the Habsburg Empire, he was captured as a prisoner of war during World War I and held in Russia for five years...
, William Kintner
William Kintner
William Roscoe Kintner was born in Loch Haven, PA on April 21, 1915. He entered the U.S. Military Academy in 1936 and graduated in 1940. He landed at Omaha Beach during the Normandy Invasion and retired from the military as a Colonel in 1961....
, Henry Kissinger
Henry Kissinger
Heinz Alfred "Henry" Kissinger is a German-born American academic, political scientist, diplomat, and businessman. He is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and...
, James Schlesinger, and Lawrence Krause.
For most of its history, FPRI was deeply immersed in the intellectual prosecution of the Cold War
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...
. It urged the Western world
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West and the Occident , is a term referring to the countries of Western Europe , the countries of the Americas, as well all countries of Northern and Central Europe, Australia and New Zealand...
to unite under the leadership of the U.S. to combat the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and international communism
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
. In doing so, however, it drew increasing criticism—notably, by name from Senator
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each...
William Fulbright—and became increasingly marginalized from academia; it became independent of Penn in 1970. Ironically, it would also be the start of Strausz-Hupé's twenty-year career as a diplomat, when Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 under...
appointed him Ambassador to Ceylon
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
.
At a peak of influence during the Reagan Administration
Reagan Administration
The United States presidency of Ronald Reagan, also known as the Reagan administration, was a Republican administration headed by Ronald Reagan from January 20, 1981, to January 20, 1989....
, when it was under the leadership of Daniel Pipes
Daniel Pipes
Daniel Pipes is an American historian, writer, and political commentator. He is the founder and director of the Middle East Forum and its Campus Watch project, and editor of its Middle East Quarterly journal...
, the end of the Cold War has caused FPRI to refocus its attention on other projects. Notably, it has identified a special focus on education in international affairs, sponsoring various programs in Philadelphia area schools as well as conferences and seminars for high school
High school
High school is a term used in parts of the English speaking world to describe institutions which provide all or part of secondary education. The term is often incorporated into the name of such institutions....
and junior college
Junior college
The term junior college refers to different educational institutions in different countries.-India:In India, most states provide schooling through 12th grade...
teachers and lectures for the general public.
The US-led War on Terrorism
War on Terrorism
The War on Terror is a term commonly applied to an international military campaign led by the United States and the United Kingdom with the support of other North Atlantic Treaty Organisation as well as non-NATO countries...
is also a central topic of FPRI research. In March 2003, it received a grant from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
to study sources of potential terrorist threats to the state, and how to manage the risks.
Notable figures
- Adrian A. BasoraAdrian A. BasoraAdrian Anthony Basora is an American diplomat, and former United States Ambassador to the Czech Republic. He is currently a senior fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute researching democratization in the post-Communist states of Europe and Central Asia, and a member of the Council on...
- Jeremy BlackJeremy BlackJeremy Black may refer to:*Sir Jeremy Black , British admiral*Jeremy Black , drummer for Apollo Sunshine and Mouth Music*Jeremy Black , British military historian...
- David EisenhowerDavid EisenhowerDwight David Eisenhower II is an American author, public policy fellow, and eponym of the U.S. Presidential retreat, Camp David. He is the grandson of the 34th President of the United States, Dwight D...
- Stephen GaleStephen GaleStephen Clifford Gale is a former English cricketer and current umpire. Gale was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire....
- Declan GanleyDeclan GanleyDeclan James Ganley is a British-born Irish citizen, entrepreneur, businessman and political activist. He is founder and chairman of a political party, Libertas with pan-European ambitions...
- Adam GarfinkleAdam GarfinkleAdam M. Garfinkle is the editor of The American Interest, a bimonthly public policy magazine. He was previously editor of another such publication, The National Interest. He has been a university teacher and a staff member at high levels of the U.S. government. He was a speechwriter to more...
- David GressDavid GressDavid Richard Gress , is a Danish-American historian, known for his 1998 survey From Plato to Nato on Western identity and grand narratives.-Life:...
- Alexander HaigAlexander HaigAlexander Meigs Haig, Jr. was a United States Army general who served as the United States Secretary of State under President Ronald Reagan and White House Chief of Staff under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford...
- John HillenJohn HillenJohn Hillen is the former Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs, nominated by President George W. Bush, who served from October 11, 2005 until January 11, 2007. He currently serves as the President and CEO of formerly Global Defense Technology & Systems, Inc...
- Robert D. KaplanRobert D. KaplanRobert David Kaplan is an American journalist, currently a National Correspondent for the Atlantic Monthly...
- William KintnerWilliam KintnerWilliam Roscoe Kintner was born in Loch Haven, PA on April 21, 1915. He entered the U.S. Military Academy in 1936 and graduated in 1940. He landed at Omaha Beach during the Normandy Invasion and retired from the military as a Colonel in 1961....
- Henry KissingerHenry KissingerHeinz Alfred "Henry" Kissinger is a German-born American academic, political scientist, diplomat, and businessman. He is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and...
- Hans KohnHans KohnHans Kohn was a Jewish philosopher and historian. Born in Prague during the Habsburg Empire, he was captured as a prisoner of war during World War I and held in Russia for five years...
- Alan Charles KorsAlan Charles KorsAlan Charles Kors is Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania, where he teaches the intellectual history of the 17th and 18th centuries. He has received both the Lindback Foundation Award and the Ira Abrams Memorial Award for distinguished college teaching. Dr. Kors graduated summa...
- Lawrence Krause
- James KurthJames KurthJames Kurth is the Claude Smith Professor of Political Science at Swarthmore College, where he teaches defense policy, foreign policy, and international politics. In 2004 Kurth also became the editor of Orbis, a professional journal on international relations and U.S...
- John F. Lehman
- Walter McDougall
- Mackubin Thomas OwensMackubin Thomas OwensMackubin Thomas Owens is an American military historian and conservative political figure. He is currently the Associate Dean of Academics for Electives and Directed Research and Professor of Strategy and Force Planning for the Naval War College, as well as a contributing editor to National...
- Daniel PipesDaniel PipesDaniel Pipes is an American historian, writer, and political commentator. He is the founder and director of the Middle East Forum and its Campus Watch project, and editor of its Middle East Quarterly journal...
- Michael RaduMichael RaduMichael S. Radu was a Romanian-American political scientist and journalist who grew up in Romania. He was Senior Fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Co-Chairman of FPRI's Center on Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism, and Homeland Security.Radu was born in...
- S. Abdallah SchleiferAbdallah SchleiferProf. S. Abdallah Schleifer is a prominent Middle East expert, former NBC Cairo Bureau chief, and a professor of TV journalism at the American University in Cairo. He has interviewed countless Middle Eastern leaders, including Ayman al-Zawahiri...
- James Schlesinger
- Harvey SichermanHarvey SichermanDr. Harvey Sicherman was the President and Director of the Foreign Policy Research Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A renowned thinker, his interests lay in the analysis of U.S. foreign policy and national security, as well as in the areas of Western Europe, the Middle East, and...
- Vladimir SocorVladimir SocorVladimir Socor is a political analyst of East European affairs for the Jamestown Foundation and its Eurasia Daily Monitor, currently residing in Munich, Germany...
- Robert Strausz-HupéRobert Strausz-HupéRobert Strausz-Hupé was a U.S. diplomat and geopolitician.In 1923 he immigrated to the United States. Serving as an advisor on foreign investment to American financial institutions, he watched the Depression spread political misery across America and Europe...
- John TempletonJohn TempletonSir John Marks Templeton was an American-born British stock investor, businessman and philanthropist.-Biography:...
- Jan C. TingJan C. TingJan C. Ting is a Professor of Law at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the Republican candidate for U.S. Senator from Delaware in the 2006 U.S. Senate election, but two years later Ting left the Republican Party in a dispute over his endorsement of Democratic presidential...
- Vladimir TismăneanuVladimir TismaneanuVladimir Tismăneanu is a Romanian and American political scientist, political analyst, sociologist, and professor at the University of Maryland, College Park...
- Dorin TudoranDorin TudoranDorin Tudoran is a Romanian poet, essayist, journalist, and dissident. A resident of the United States since 1985, he has authored more than fifteen books of poetry, essays, and interviews.-Early life:...
- Dov ZakheimDov ZakheimDov S. Zakheim is a former official of the United States government.Born December 18, 1948 in Brooklyn, New York, Zakheim earned his bachelor's degree in government from Columbia University in 1970, and his doctorate in economics and politics at St. Antony's College, Oxford University...
Publications
- Orbis
- e-notes : a catalyst for ideas
- Foreign Policy Research Institute footnotes
- Foreign Policy Research Institute wire