Global 200
Encyclopedia
The Global 200 is the list of ecoregion
s identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as priorities for conservation. According to the WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species, dynamics, and environmental conditions (Dinerstein et al. 1995, TNC 1997)."
The WWF assigns a conservation status to each ecoregion in the Global 200: critical or endangered; vulnerable; and relatively stable or intact. Over half of the ecoregions in the Global 200 are rated endangered.
's land surface, as well as freshwater and marine ecoregions. The goal of this classification system is to ensure that the full range of ecosystem
s will be represented in regional conservation and development strategies. Of these ecoregions, the WWF selected the Global 200 as the ecoregions most crucial to the conservation
of global biodiversity
. The Global 200 list actually contains 238 ecoregions, made up of 142 terrestrial, 53 freshwater, and 43 marine ecoregions.
Conservationist
s interested in preserving biodiversity have generally focused on the preservation of tropical moist broadleaf forests (commonly known as tropical rainforests) because it is estimated that they harbor one half of Earth's species. On the other hand, the WWF determined that a more comprehensive strategy for conserving global biodiversity should also consider the other half of species, as well as the ecosystem
s that support them.
Several habitats, such as Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
biome
, were determined to be more threatened than tropical rain forests, and therefore require concerted conservation action. WWF maintains that "although conservation action typically takes place at the country level, patterns of biodiversity and ecological processes (e.g., migration) do not conform to political boundaries", which is why ecoregion-based conservation strategies are deemed essential.
in 1975.
The Earth's land surface can be divided into eight biogeographical realms (formerly called kingdoms, and which the WWF calls ecozones) that represent the major terrestrial communities of animals and plants, and are a synthesis of previous systems of floristic province
s and faunal regions. The biome system classifies the world into ecosystem types (i.e. forest
s, grassland
s, etc.) based on climate
and vegetation
. Each biogeographical realm contains multiple biomes, and biomes occur across several biogeographical realms. A system of biogeographical provinces was developed to identify specific geographic areas in each biogeographical realm that were of a consistent biome type, and shared distinct plant and animal communities. The WWF system represents a further refinement of the system of biomes (which the WWF calls "major habitat types"), biogeographical realms, and biogeographical provinces (the WWF scheme divides most biogeographical provinces into multiple smaller ecoregions).
s, The Global 200 includes all major habitat types (biomes), all ecosystem
types, and species
from every major habitat type. It focuses on each major habitat type of every continent (such as tropical forests or coral reef
s). It uses ecoregion
s as the unit of scale for comparison. WWF say ecoregions could be considered as conservation units at regional scale because they meet similar biological communities.
Some ecoregions were selected over other ecoregions of the same major habitat type (biome) or ecozone. Selection of the Global 200 relied on extensive studies of 19 terrestrial, freshwater, and marine major habitat types. Selection of the ecoregions was based on analyses of species richness, species endemism
, unique higher taxa
, unusual ecological or evolutionary phenomena, and global rarity of major habitat type.
Global 200 ecoregion list is most helpful to conservation efforts at a regional scale: local deforestation
, destruction of swamp habitats, degradation of soils, etc. However, certain phenomena, such as bird or whale migration
, depend on more complex parameters not used to define the current database
, such as atmospheric currents and dynamic pelagic ecosystems. These would require gathering more information, and co-ordination of efforts between multiple ecoregions. However, the Global 200 ecoregions can help these efforts by identifying habitat sites and resting sites for migratory animals. It may also help identify the origin of invasive species
, and offer insights for slowing down or stopping their intrusion.
Afrotropic
Australasia
Indomalaya
Neotropic
Oceania
Nearctic
Palearctic
Nearctic
Palearctic
Arctic Ocean
Southern Ocean
Ecoregion
An ecoregion , sometimes called a bioregion, is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than an ecozone and larger than an ecosystem. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural...
s identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as priorities for conservation. According to the WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species, dynamics, and environmental conditions (Dinerstein et al. 1995, TNC 1997)."
The WWF assigns a conservation status to each ecoregion in the Global 200: critical or endangered; vulnerable; and relatively stable or intact. Over half of the ecoregions in the Global 200 are rated endangered.
Background
The WWF has identified 867 terrestrial ecoregions across the EarthEarth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets...
's land surface, as well as freshwater and marine ecoregions. The goal of this classification system is to ensure that the full range of ecosystem
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving , physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight....
s will be represented in regional conservation and development strategies. Of these ecoregions, the WWF selected the Global 200 as the ecoregions most crucial to the conservation
Conservation ethic
Conservation is an ethic of resource use, allocation, and protection. Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the natural world: its, fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity. Secondary focus is on materials conservation and energy conservation, which are seen as important to...
of global biodiversity
Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. Biodiversity is a measure of the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity is in part a function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical regions are typically rich whereas polar regions...
. The Global 200 list actually contains 238 ecoregions, made up of 142 terrestrial, 53 freshwater, and 43 marine ecoregions.
Conservationist
Conservationist
Conservationists are proponents or advocates of conservation. They advocate for the protection of all the species in an ecosystem with a strong focus on the natural environment...
s interested in preserving biodiversity have generally focused on the preservation of tropical moist broadleaf forests (commonly known as tropical rainforests) because it is estimated that they harbor one half of Earth's species. On the other hand, the WWF determined that a more comprehensive strategy for conserving global biodiversity should also consider the other half of species, as well as the ecosystem
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving , physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight....
s that support them.
Several habitats, such as Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, defined by the World Wildlife Fund, characterized by dry summers and rainy winters. Summers are typically hot in low-lying inland locations but can be cool near some seas, as near San Francisco, which have a sea of cool waters...
biome
Biome
Biomes are climatically and geographically defined as similar climatic conditions on the Earth, such as communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, and are often referred to as ecosystems. Some parts of the earth have more or less the same kind of abiotic and biotic factors spread over a...
, were determined to be more threatened than tropical rain forests, and therefore require concerted conservation action. WWF maintains that "although conservation action typically takes place at the country level, patterns of biodiversity and ecological processes (e.g., migration) do not conform to political boundaries", which is why ecoregion-based conservation strategies are deemed essential.
Classification
Historically, zoologists and botanists have developed various classification systems that take into account the world's plant and animal communities. Two of the worldwide classification systems most commonly used today were summarized by Miklos UdvardyMiklos Udvardy
Miklos Dezso Ferenc Udvardy was a biologist and biogeographer. He was born on March 23, 1919 in Debrecen, Hungary to Miklos Udvardy and Elizabeth Komlossy. Despite an early interest in birds, his father encouraged him to study law, but later went on to earn a doctorate in biology from the...
in 1975.
The Earth's land surface can be divided into eight biogeographical realms (formerly called kingdoms, and which the WWF calls ecozones) that represent the major terrestrial communities of animals and plants, and are a synthesis of previous systems of floristic province
Floristic province
A phytochorion, in phytogeography, is a geographic area with a relatively uniform composition of plant species. Adjacent phytochoria do not usually have a sharp boundary, but rather a soft one, a transitional area in which many species from both regions overlap...
s and faunal regions. The biome system classifies the world into ecosystem types (i.e. forest
Forest
A forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending where you are in the world, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have various classification according to how and what of the forest is composed...
s, grassland
Grassland
Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plants . However, sedge and rush families can also be found. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica...
s, etc.) based on climate
Climate
Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elemental measurements in a given region over long periods...
and vegetation
Vegetation
Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it refers to the ground cover provided by plants. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. It is broader...
. Each biogeographical realm contains multiple biomes, and biomes occur across several biogeographical realms. A system of biogeographical provinces was developed to identify specific geographic areas in each biogeographical realm that were of a consistent biome type, and shared distinct plant and animal communities. The WWF system represents a further refinement of the system of biomes (which the WWF calls "major habitat types"), biogeographical realms, and biogeographical provinces (the WWF scheme divides most biogeographical provinces into multiple smaller ecoregions).
Selection process
Based on a comprehensive list of ecoregionEcoregion
An ecoregion , sometimes called a bioregion, is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than an ecozone and larger than an ecosystem. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural...
s, The Global 200 includes all major habitat types (biomes), all ecosystem
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving , physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight....
types, and species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
from every major habitat type. It focuses on each major habitat type of every continent (such as tropical forests or coral reef
Coral reef
Coral reefs are underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals. Coral reefs are colonies of tiny living animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups. The polyps...
s). It uses ecoregion
Ecoregion
An ecoregion , sometimes called a bioregion, is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than an ecozone and larger than an ecosystem. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural...
s as the unit of scale for comparison. WWF say ecoregions could be considered as conservation units at regional scale because they meet similar biological communities.
Some ecoregions were selected over other ecoregions of the same major habitat type (biome) or ecozone. Selection of the Global 200 relied on extensive studies of 19 terrestrial, freshwater, and marine major habitat types. Selection of the ecoregions was based on analyses of species richness, species endemism
Endemic (ecology)
Endemism is the ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, all species of lemur are endemic to the...
, unique higher taxa
Taxon
|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...
, unusual ecological or evolutionary phenomena, and global rarity of major habitat type.
Global 200 ecoregion list is most helpful to conservation efforts at a regional scale: local deforestation
Deforestation
Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use....
, destruction of swamp habitats, degradation of soils, etc. However, certain phenomena, such as bird or whale migration
Fish migration
Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousands of kilometres...
, depend on more complex parameters not used to define the current database
Database
A database is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality , in a way that supports processes requiring this information...
, such as atmospheric currents and dynamic pelagic ecosystems. These would require gathering more information, and co-ordination of efforts between multiple ecoregions. However, the Global 200 ecoregions can help these efforts by identifying habitat sites and resting sites for migratory animals. It may also help identify the origin of invasive species
Invasive species
"Invasive species", or invasive exotics, is a nomenclature term and categorization phrase used for flora and fauna, and for specific restoration-preservation processes in native habitats, with several definitions....
, and offer insights for slowing down or stopping their intrusion.
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
AfrotropicAfrotropicThe Afrotropic is one of the Earth's eight ecozones. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the southern and eastern fringes of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly...
- Guinean moist forests
- AT0111 Eastern Guinean forestsEastern Guinean forestsThe Eastern Guinean forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of West Africa. The ecoregion includes the lowland forests extending from the Gulf of Guinea a few hundred kilometers inland, from western Côte d'Ivoire to the western shore of Lake Volta in Ghana. A few small enclaves lie...
- AT0114 Guinean montane forests
- AT0130 Western Guinean lowland forestsWestern Guinean lowland forestsThe Western Guinean lowland forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of West Africa. The ecoregion includes the lowland forests extending from the Atlantic Ocean a few hundred kilometers inland, and from western Côte d'Ivoire across Liberia, southeastern Guinea, most of Sierra Leone,...
- AT0111 Eastern Guinean forests
- Congolian coastal forests
- AT0102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forestsAtlantic Equatorial coastal forestsThe Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of central Africa, covering hills, plains, and mountains of the Atlantic coast of Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Angola, and Democratic Republic of the Congo.This is rich forest home...
- AT0126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests
- AT0102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests
- Cameroon Highlands forests
- AT0103 Cameroonian Highlands forestsCameroonian Highlands forestsThe Cameroonian Highlands forests are a montane tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion located on the range of mountains that runs inland from the Gulf of Guinea and forms the border between Cameroon and Nigeria...
- AT0103 Cameroonian Highlands forests
- Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
- AT0124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
- Central Congolian lowland forests
- AT0104 Central Congolian lowland forestsCentral Congolian lowland forestsThe Central Congolian lowland forests are an ecoregion within the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This is a remote, inaccessible area of low-lying dense wet forest, undergrowth and swamp in the Cuvette Centrale region of the Congo Basin south of the arc of the River Congo.-Fauna:The region has...
- AT0104 Central Congolian lowland forests
- Western Congolian moist forests
- AT0129 Western Congolian swamp forestsWestern Congolian swamp forestsThe Western Congolian swamp forests are an ecoregion of the Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Together with the adjacent Eastern Congolian swamp forests, it forms one of the largest continuous areas of freshwater swamp forest in the world. It is a flooded forest with a...
- AT0129 Western Congolian swamp forests
- Albertine Rift montane forests
- AT0101 Albertine Rift montane forestsAlbertine Rift montane forestsThe Albertine Rift montane forests ecoregion, of the Tropical moist broadleaf forest Biome, are in the heart of Afromontane tropical Africa.-Location and description:...
- AT0101 Albertine Rift montane forests
- East African Coastal Forests
- AT0125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
- AT0128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaicSouthern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaicSouthern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic is the southern variation of Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic.The ecoregion which runs from the Lukuledi river in Tanzania almost the whole way to the mouth of the Limpopo river, supports habitats of forest, savanna and swamps...
- Eastern Arc Montane Forests (KenyaKenyaKenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...
, TanzaniaTanzaniaThe United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...
)- AT0108 Eastern African montane forests
- Madagascar lowlands and subhumid forests
- AT0117 Madagascar lowland forestsMadagascar lowland forestsThe Madagascar lowland forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion, found on the eastern coast of the island of Madagascar.-Setting:...
- AT0118 Madagascar subhumid forestsMadagascar subhumid forestsThe Madagascar subhumid forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion which originally covered most of the Central Highlands of the island of Madagascar.-Setting:...
- AT0117 Madagascar lowland forests
- SeychellesSeychellesSeychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....
and Mascarene IslandsMascarene IslandsThe Mascarene Islands is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar comprising Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, Cargados Carajos shoals, plus the former islands of the Saya de Malha, Nazareth and Soudan banks...
moist forests- AT0113 Granitic Seychelles forests
- AT0120 Mascarene forests
AustralasiaAustralasia ecozoneThe Australasian zone is an ecological region that is coincident, but not synonymous , with the geographic region of Australasia...
- SulawesiSulawesiSulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. In Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger Indonesian populations.- Etymology :The Portuguese were the first to...
moist forests- AA0123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests
- AA0124 Sulawesi montane rain forests
- Moluccas moist forests (IndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
)- AA0106 Halmahera rain forests
- Southern New Guinea lowland forests
- AA0122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests
- New Guinea montane forests
- AA0116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forestsNorthern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forestsThe Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of northern New Guinea.-Setting:...
- AA0116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests
- Solomons-Vanuatu-Bismarck moist forests
- AA0126 Vanuatu rain forestsVanuatu rain forestsThe Vanuatu rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion that includes the islands of Vanuatu, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands group of the neighboring Solomon Islands. It is part of the Australasia ecozone, which includes neighboring New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands, as well as Australia, New...
- AA0126 Vanuatu rain forests
- Queensland tropical rain forests
- AA0117 Queensland tropical rain forestsQueensland tropical rain forestsThe Queensland tropical rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion located in northeastern Australia.-Setting:The ecoregion covers of northeastern coastal Queensland, from the coast up a series of plateaus and tablelands to the mountains behind the coast. The ecoregion comprises three separate...
- AA0117 Queensland tropical rain forests
- New Caledonia moist forests
- AA0113 New Caledonia rain forestsNew Caledonia rain forestsThe New Caledonia rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion, located in New Caledonia in the South Pacific. It is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion, part of the Australasia ecozone.-Setting:...
- AA0113 New Caledonia rain forests
- Lord HoweLord Howe IslandLord Howe Island is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, directly east of mainland Port Macquarie, and about from Norfolk Island. The island is about 11 km long and between 2.8 km and 0.6 km wide with an area of...
-Norfolk IslandNorfolk IslandNorfolk Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, but it enjoys a large degree of self-governance...
s forests- AA0109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests
IndomalayaIndomalayaThe Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight ecozones that cover the planet's land surface. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia....
- South Western Ghats montane rain forests and moist deciduous forests
- IM0150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forestsSouth Western Ghats moist deciduous forestsThe South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of southern India. It covers the southern portion of the Western Ghats range and the Nilgiri Hills between 250 and 1000 meters elevation in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states.-Setting:The ecoregion...
- IM0151 South Western Ghats montane rain forestsSouth Western Ghats montane rain forestsThe South Western Ghats montane rain forests are an ecoregion of southern India, covering the southern portion of the Western Ghats range in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, at elevations over 1000 meters...
- IM0150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
- Sri LankaSri LankaSri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
moist forests- IM0154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forestsSri Lanka lowland rain foreststhumb|250px|right|World heritage site [[Sinharaja Forest Reserve]] is an important forest in this ecoregionThe Sri Lanka Lowland Rain Forests represents Sri Lanka's Tropical rainforests below in elevation in the southwestern part of the island...
- IM0155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests
- IM0154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
- Northern IndochinaIndochinaThe Indochinese peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. It lies roughly southwest of China, and east of India. The name has its origins in the French, Indochine, as a combination of the names of "China" and "India", and was adopted when French colonizers in Vietnam began expanding their territory...
Subtropical moist forests- IM0137 Northern Indochina subtropical forestsNorthern Indochina subtropical forestsThe Northern Indochina subtropical forests are a subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of northern Indochina, covering portions of Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and China's Yunnan Province.-Setting:...
- IM0137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests
- Southeast China-Hainan moist forests
- IM0149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests
- IM0169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests
- TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
montane forests- IM0172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forestsTaiwan subtropical evergreen forestsThe Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests is an ecoregion that covers most of the island of Taiwan, with the exception of the southern tip of the island, which constitutes the South Taiwan monsoon rain forests ecoregion...
- IM0172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests
- Annamite RangeAnnamite RangeThe Annamite Range or the Annamese Mountains is a mountain range of eastern Indochina, which extends approximately through Laos, Vietnam, and a small area in northeast Cambodia. It is known in Vietnamese as Dãy Trường Sơn, in Lao as Xai Phou Luang , and in French as the Chaîne Annamitique...
moist forests (CambodiaCambodiaCambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
, LaosLaosLaos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
, VietnamVietnamVietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
)- IM0136 Northern Annamites rain forests
- IM0152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests
- Sumatran Islands lowland and montane forests
- IM0157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests
- IM0158 Sumatran lowland rain forests
- IM0159 Sumatran montane rain forests
- IM0160 Sumatran peat swamp forests
- Philippines moist forests
- IM0114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests
- IM0122 Luzon montane rain forests
- IM0123 Luzon rain forests
- IM0128 Mindanao montane rain forests
- IM0129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests
- IM0130 Mindoro rain forests
- IM0156 Sulu rain forests
- PalawanPalawanPalawan is an island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region or Region 4. Its capital is Puerto Princesa City, and it is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of jurisdiction. The islands of Palawan stretch from Mindoro in the northeast to Borneo in the...
moist forests- IM0143 Palawan rain forests
- KayahKayah StateKayah State is a state of Myanmar. Situated in eastern Myanmar, it is bounded on the north by Shan State, on the east by Thailand's Mae Hong Son Province, and on the south and west by Kayin State. It lies approximately between 18° 30' and 19° 55' north latitude and between 94°40' and 97° 93' east...
-Karen/Tenasserim moist forests- IM0119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests
- IM0163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests
- Peninsular Malaysian lowland and montane forests
- IM0144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests
- IM0145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forestsPeninsular Malaysian peat swamp forestsThe Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests ecoregion, in the Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Biome, are of the Malay Peninsula, which includes portions of Malaysia and southern Thailand.-Setting:...
- IM0146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests
- BorneoBorneoBorneo is the third largest island in the world and is located north of Java Island, Indonesia, at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia....
lowland and montane forests- IM0102 Borneo lowland rain forestBorneo lowland rain forestBorneo lowland rain forest is an ecoregion, within the Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Biome, of the large island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It supports approximately 10,000 plant species, 380 bird species and several mammal species...
s - IM0103 Borneo montane rain forestsBorneo montane rain forestsThe Borneo montane rain forests are an ecoregion, of Cloud forest, within the Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Biome, of the island of Borneo in south-east Asia .-Location and description:...
- IM0104 Borneo peat swamp forestsBorneo peat swamp forestsThe Borneo peat swamp forests ecoregion, within the Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Biome, are on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia.-Location and description:...
- IM0102 Borneo lowland rain forest
- Nansei Shoto Archipelago forests (JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
)- IM0170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests
- Eastern Deccan Plateau moist forests (IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
)- IM0111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forestsEastern Highlands moist deciduous forestsThe Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of east-central India. The ecoregion covers an area of , extending across portions of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Orissa states.-Setting:The Eastern Highlands...
- IM0111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests
- Naga - Manipuri - Chin Hills moist forests (BangladeshBangladeshBangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...
, IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, MyanmarMyanmarBurma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....
)- IM0109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forestsChin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forestsThe Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in western Burma . Surrounded at lower elevations by moist tropical forests, this ecoregion is home a diverse range of subtropical and temperate species, including many species characteristic...
- IM0120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forestsLower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forestsThe Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of Bangladesh and eastern India. The ecoregion covers an area of , covering most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, and Tripura, and extending into adjacent portions of Assam,...
- IM0131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forestsMizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forestsThe Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests is a subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion which occupies the lower hillsides of the mountainous border region joining India, Bangladesh, and Burma . The ecoregion covers an area of...
- IM0109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests
- Cardamom Mountains moist forests
- IM0106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests
- Western Java montane forests
- IM0167 Western Java montane rain forests
- Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests
- IM0125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests
NeotropicNeotropicIn biogeography, the Neotropic or Neotropical zone is one of the eight terrestrial ecozones. This ecozone includes South and Central America, the Mexican lowlands, the Caribbean islands, and southern Florida, because these regions share a large number of plant and animal groups.It is sometimes used...
- Greater AntilleanGreater AntillesThe Greater Antilles are one of three island groups in the Caribbean. Comprising Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola , and Puerto Rico, the Greater Antilles constitute almost 90% of the land mass of the entire West Indies.-Greater Antilles in context :The islands of the Caribbean Sea, collectively known as...
moist forests- NT0120 Cuban moist forestsCuban moist forestsThe Cuban moist forests are a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion that occupies on Cuba and Isla de la Juventud. The ecoregion receives more than of rainfall annually, and does not have a dry season. Soils are usually derived from quartz, limestone, or serpentinites...
- NT0127 Hispaniolan moist forestsHispaniolan moist forestsThe Hispaniolan moist forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion on the island of Hispaniola. They cover , around 60% of the island's area.-Geography:...
- NT0131 Jamaican moist forests
- NT0155 Puerto Rican moist forestsPuerto Rican moist forestsThe Puerto Rican moist forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion on the archipelago of Puerto Rico. They cover an area of .-Lowland forests:Lowland forests are found throughout the island's coastal lowlands except for the dry southwest...
- NT0120 Cuban moist forests
- Talamancan-Isthmian Pacific forests
- NT0167 Talamancan montane forestsTalamancan montane forestsThe Talamancan montane forests ecoregion, in the tropical moist broadleaf forest biome, are in montane Costa Rica and Panama in Central America.-Setting:...
- NT0167 Talamancan montane forests
- Choco - Darien moist forests
- NT0115 Choco-Darien moist forests
- Northern Andean montane forests
- NT0145 Northwestern Andean montane forests
- Coastal VenezuelaVenezuelaVenezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
montane forests- NT0147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests
- NT0169 Tepuis
- NT0171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests
- Guianan moist forests
- NT0125 Guianan moist forests
- Napo moist forests
- NT0142 Napo moist forests
- Rio Negro - Jurua moist forests
- NT0132 Japura-Solimoes-Negro moist forests
- NT0133 Jurua-Purus moist forests
- NT0158 Rio Negro campinarana
- Guayana Highlands moist forests
- NT0124 Guayanan Highlands moist forests
- Central Andean yungasYungasThe Yungas is a stretch of forest along the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains from southeastern Peru through central Bolivia. It is a transitional zone between the Andean highlands and the eastern forests. Like the surrounding areas, it has characteristics of the Neotropic ecozone...
- NT0105 Bolivian YungasBolivian YungasThe Bolivian Yungas is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Yungas of central Bolivia and eastern Peru.-Setting:The ecoregion occurs in elevations ranging from on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Bolivia...
- NT0153 Peruvian YungasPeruvian YungasThe Peruvian Yungas is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Yungas of Peru.-Setting:The Peruvian Yungas occur on the eastern slopes and valleys of the Peruvian Andes...
- NT0105 Bolivian Yungas
- Southwestern Amazonian moist forests
- NT0166 Southwest Amazon moist forestsSouthwest Amazon moist forestsSouthwest Amazon moist forests are an ecoregion located in the Upper Amazon Basin. The region is characterized by a relatively flat landscape with alluvial plains dissected by undulating hills or high terraces. The biota of the southwest Amazon moist forest is very rich because of these dramatic...
- NT0166 Southwest Amazon moist forests
- Atlantic forests
- NT0103 Bahia coastal forestsBahia coastal forestsThe Bahia coastal forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of eastern Brazil, part of the larger Atlantic Forest region.-Setting:...
- NT0151 Pernambuco coastal forestsPernambuco coastal forestsThe Pernambuco coastal forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of northeastern Brazil, part of the larger Atlantic Forest region.-Setting:...
- NT0160 Serra do Mar coastal forestsSerra do Mar coastal forestsBiome: Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forestsRealm: NeotropicalWWF ID: NT0160Size: 104,800 square kilometers...
- NT0103 Bahia coastal forests
OceaniaOceania ecozoneOceania is one of the WWF ecozones, and unique in not including any continental land mass. The ecozone includes the Pacific Ocean islands of Micronesia, the Fijian Islands, and most of Polynesia...
- South Pacific Islands forests (American SamoaAmerican SamoaAmerican Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa...
- United States, Cook IslandsCook IslandsThe Cook Islands is a self-governing parliamentary democracy in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand...
- New Zealand, FijiFijiFiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...
, French PolynesiaFrench PolynesiaFrench Polynesia is an overseas country of the French Republic . It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory...
- France, NiueNiueNiue , is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia", and inhabitants of the island call it "the Rock" for short. Niue is northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga to the southwest, the Samoas to the northwest, and the Cook Islands to...
- New Zealand, SamoaSamoaSamoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa is a country encompassing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in...
, TongaTongaTonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
, Wallis and Futuna Islands - France)- OC0102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests
- OC0103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests
- OC0104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests
- OC0105 Fiji tropical moist forests
- OC0112 Samoan tropical moist forests
- OC0114 Tongan tropical moist forests
- OC0117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests
- HawaiiHawaiiHawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...
moist forests- OC0106 Hawaiian tropical rainforests
Afrotropic
- MadagascarMadagascarThe Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
dry deciduous forests- AT0202 Madagascar dry deciduous forestsMadagascar dry deciduous forestsThe Madagascar dry deciduous forests represent a tropical dry forest ecoregion generally situated in the western part of Madagascar. The area has high numbers of endemic plant and animal species but has suffered large-scale clearance for agriculture...
- AT0202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests
Australasia
- Nusu TenggaraLesser Sunda IslandsThe Lesser Sunda Islands or Nusa Tenggara are a group of islands in the southern Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make up the Sunda Islands...
Dry Forests (IndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
)- AA0201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests
- AA0203 Sumba deciduous forests
- AA0204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests
- New CaledoniaNew CaledoniaNew Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...
dry forests- AA0202 New Caledonia dry forests
Indomalaya
- IndochinaIndochinaThe Indochinese peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. It lies roughly southwest of China, and east of India. The name has its origins in the French, Indochine, as a combination of the names of "China" and "India", and was adopted when French colonizers in Vietnam began expanding their territory...
dry forests- IM0202 Central Indochina dry forestsCentral Indochina dry forestsThe Central Indochina dry forests are a large tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion in Southeast Asia.-Location and description:...
- IM0202 Central Indochina dry forests
- Chhota - Nagpur dry forests
- IM0203 Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests
Neotropic
- Mexican dry forestsMexican dry forestsThe Mexican dry forests describes a number of dry broadleaf forest ecoregions of Mexico that together constitute on of the World Wildlife Fund's Global 200 priority areas for conservation....
- NT0201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests
- NT0204 Bajio dry forestsBajío dry forestsThe Bajío dry forests is a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion of west-central Mexico.The Bajío dry forests lie in the southwestern portion of the Mexican Plateau...
- NT0205 Balsas dry forestsBalsas dry forestsThe Balsas dry forests are a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion of southern Mexico.-Setting:The Balsas dry forests occupy the basin of the Balsas River. the ecoregion covers an area of , extending across portions of Michoacan, Guerrero, Mexico, Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca states...
- NT0227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forestsSierra de la Laguna dry forestsThe Sierra de la Laguna dry forests are a subtropical dry forest ecoregion of the southern Baja California Peninsula in Mexico.-Location:The dry forests cover the lower elevations of the Sierra de la Laguna, from elevation. They are surrounded at lower elevations by the San Lucan xeric scrub,...
- Tumbesian - Andean valleys dry forests (ColombiaColombiaColombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
, EcuadorEcuadorEcuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
, PeruPeruPeru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
)- NT0214 Ecuadorian dry forests
- NT0221 Magdalena Valley dry forests
- NT0223 Marañón dry forests
- NT0232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests
- Chiquitano dry forests
- NT0212 Chiquitano dry forestsChiquitano dry forestsThe Chiquitano dry forests is a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion in Bolivia and Brazil.-Setting:The Chiquitano dry forests cover an area of . The ecoregion lies east of the Andes Mountains, in the lowlands of eastern Bolivia and the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia. The tropical...
- NT0212 Chiquitano dry forests
- Atlantic dry forests
- NT0202 Atlantic dry forestsAtlantic dry forestsThe Atlantic dry forests are a tropical dry forest ecoregion of eastern Brazil.-Setting:The Atlantic dry forests cover an area of , lying between the Cerrado savannas of central Brazil and the Caatinga dry shrublands of northeastern Brazil. The Atlantic dry forests stretch from northern Minas...
- NT0202 Atlantic dry forests
NearcticNearcticThe Nearctic is one of the eight terrestrial ecozones dividing the Earth's land surface.The Nearctic ecozone covers most of North America, including Greenland and the highlands of Mexico...
- Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental pine-oak forests
- NA0302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forestsSierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forestsThe Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests are a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion of the Sierra Madre Occidental range of western Mexico and the southwestern United States...
- NA0303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forestsSierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forestsThe Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests are a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion of northeastern and Central Mexico, extending into the state of Texas in the United States.-Setting:...
- NA0302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests
Neotropic
- Greater Antillean pine forests
- NT304 Cuban pine forestsCuban pine forestsThe Cuban pine forests are a tropical coniferous forest ecoregion on the Caribbean islands of Cuba and Isla de la Juventud. They cover an area of , occurring in separate sections in eastern Cuba and western Cuba and Isla de la Juventud.-Description:...
- NT305 Hispaniolan pine forestsHispaniolan pine forestsThe Hispaniolan pine forests are a tropical coniferous forest ecoregion found on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The ecoregion covers , or about 15% of the island...
- NT304 Cuban pine forests
- Mesoamerican pine-oak forestsMesoamerican pine-oak forestsThe Mesoamerican pine-oak forests is a composite ecoregion of southern Mexico and Central America, designated by the World Wildlife Fund as one of their Global 200 ecoregions, a list of priority ecoregions for conservation....
(El SalvadorEl SalvadorEl Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...
, GuatemalaGuatemalaGuatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
, HondurasHondurasHonduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
, MexicoMexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
, NicaraguaNicaraguaNicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
)- NT0308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forestsSelva ZoqueThe Selva Zoque , which includes the Chimalapas rain forest, is an area of great ecological importance in Mexico. Most of the forest lies in the state of Oaxaca but parts are in Chiapas and Veracruz....
- NT0309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forestsSierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forestsThe Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests is a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion of the Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range of southern Mexico.-Setting:...
- NT0310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forestsTrans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forestsThe Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests is a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of central Mexico.-Setting:...
- NT0308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests
Australasia
- Eastern Australia temperate forests
- AA0402 Eastern Australian temperate forestsEastern Australian temperate forestsThe Eastern Australian temperate forests are an ecoregion of open forest on uplands behind the east coast of New South Wales and southern Queensland, Australia.-Location and description:...
- AA0402 Eastern Australian temperate forests
- Tasmanian temperate rain forests
- AA0413 Tasmanian temperate rain forestsTasmanian temperate rain forestsThe Tasmanian temperate rain forests are an ecoregion of western Tasmania. This ecoregion is one of a small number of temperate rain forests in the world, characterized by cool and mild temperate climates with a strong oceanic influence, high year-round rainfall, and the presence of west-facing...
- AA0413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests
- New ZealandNew ZealandNew Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
temperate forests- AA0403 Fiordland temperate forests
- AA0404 Nelson Coast temperate forestsNelson Coast temperate forestsThe Nelson Coast temperate forests are an ecoregion in New Zealand.-Location and description:These forests are located on the flanks of the Paparoa Range and other mountains at the top of South Island. The area is thickly forested and has high rainfall, especially on the west-facing slopes but less...
- AA0405 Northland temperate forests
- AA0406 Northland temperate kauri forestsNorthland temperate kauri forestsThe Northland temperate kauri forests ecoregion, within the Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Biome, is in northern New Zealand.-Location and description:This ecoregion covers the northern end of North Island...
- AA0407 Rakiura Island temperate forests
- AA0410 Southland temperate forests
- AA0414 Westland temperate forests
Indomalaya
- Eastern Himalayan broadleaf and conifer forests
- IM0401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forestsEastern Himalayan broadleaf forestsThe Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests is a temperate broadleaf forest ecoregion found in the middle elevations of the eastern Himalayas, including parts of Nepal, India, and Bhutan...
- IM0401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests
- Western Himalayan temperate forests
- IM0403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forestsWestern Himalayan broadleaf forestsThe Western Himalayan broadleaf forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion which is found in the middle elevations of the western Himalayas, including parts of Nepal, India, and Pakistan.-Setting:...
- IM0403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
Nearctic
- Appalachian and mixed mesophytic forests
- NA0402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forestsAppalachian mixed mesophytic forestsThe Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests are an ecoregion of mesophytic plants west of the Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States.-Setting:...
- NA0402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests
PalearcticPalearcticThe Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth's surface.Physically, the Palearctic is the largest ecozone...
- Southwest China temperate forests
- PA0417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests
- PA0434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests
- PA0437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests
- Russian Far East temperate forests
- PA0426 Manchurian mixed forests
- PA0443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests
Nearctic
- Pacific temperate rain forestsPacific temperate rain forestsThe Pacific temperate rain forests ecoregion of North America is the largest temperate rain forest ecoregion on the planet as defined by the World Wildlife Fund...
- NA0510 Central Pacific coastal forests
- NA0512 Eastern Cascades forests
- NA0520 Northern Pacific coastal forestsNorthern Pacific coastal forestsThe Northern Pacific coastal forests are temperate coniferous forest ecoregion of the Pacific coast of North America. It occupies a narrow coastal zone of Alaska, between the Pacific Ocean and the northernmost Pacific Coast Ranges, covering an area of 23,300 square miles , extending from the...
- Klamath - Siskiyou forests
- NA0516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests
- Sierra Nevada forests
- NA0527 Sierra Nevada forests
- Southeastern coniferous and broadleaf forests
- NA0529 Southeastern conifer forests
Neotropic
- Valdivian temperate rain forestsValdivian temperate rain forestsThe Valdivian temperate rain forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed-forest ecoregion located on the west coast of southern South America, lying mostly in Chile and extending into a small part of Argentina. It is part of the Neotropic ecozone. The forests are named after the city of Valdivia...
- Juan Fernandez IslandsJuan Fernández IslandsThe Juan Fernández Islands are a sparsely inhabited island group reliant on tourism and fishing in the South Pacific Ocean, situated about off the coast of Chile, and is composed of three main volcanic islands; Robinson Crusoe Island, Alejandro Selkirk Island and Santa Clara Island, the first...
- NT0401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests
- NT0404 Valdivian temperate forests
Palearctic
- European - Mediterranean montane mixed forests
- PA0501 Alps conifer and mixed forests
- PA0513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forestsMediterranean conifer and mixed forestsMediterranean conifer and mixed forests is an ecoregion, in the temperate coniferous forest Biome, which occupies the high mountain ranges of North Africa and southern Spain. The term is also a botanically recognized plant association in the African and Mediterranean literature...
- Caucasus - Anatolian - Hyrcanian temperate forests (ArmeniaArmeniaArmenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
, AzerbaijanAzerbaijanAzerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
, BulgariaBulgariaBulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
, GeorgiaGeorgia (country)Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
, IranIranIran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
, RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, TurkeyTurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
, TurkmenistanTurkmenistanTurkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
)- PA0407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forestsCaspian Hyrcanian mixed forestsThe Caspian Hyrcanian Mixed Forests ecoregion, in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, is an area of lush lowland and montane forests covering about near the southern shores of the Caspian Sea of Azerbaijan and Iran.-Setting:...
- PA0408 Caucasus mixed forestsCaucasus mixed forestsThe Caucasus mixed forests ecoregion, in the Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Biome, covers the Caucasus range, which forms the traditional border between Europe and Asia, as well as the adjacent Lesser Caucasus range and the eastern end of the Pontic Mountains.-Distribution:The Caucasus...
- PA0507 Elburz Range forest steppeElburz Range forest steppeThe Elburz Range forest steppe ecoregion is an arid, mountainous 1,000-kilometer arc south of the Caspian Sea, stretching across northern Iran from the Azerbaijan border to near the Turkmenistan border. It covers and encompasses the southern and eastern slopes of the Alborz Mountains as well as...
- PA0515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forestsNorthern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forestsThe Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests is a Palearctic ecoregion in the Temperate coniferous forests Biome, located in northern Turkey...
- PA0407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
- Altai - Sayan montane forests
- PA0502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe
- PA0519 Sayan montane conifer forests
- Hengduan Shan coniferous forests
- PA0509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests
Nearctic
- Muskwa / Slave Lake boreal forests
- NA0610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forestsMuskwa-Slave Lake forestsThe Muskwa-Slave Lake forests is a taiga ecoregion in Canada.-Setting:This ecoregion is located in northwestern Alberta, northeastern British Columbia and a large portion of the southwestern Northwest Territories around the Mackenzie River valley and the Great Slave Lake for which the ecoregion is...
- NA0610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests
- Canadian Boreal Forests
- NA0606 Eastern Canadian Shield taigaEastern Canadian Shield taigaThe Eastern Canadian Shield taiga is an ecoregion of Canada as defined by the World Wildlife Fund categorization system.-Setting:Located in northeastern Canada, this ecoregion covers a large part of northern Quebec and most of Labrador, reaching from Hudson Bay and James Bay in the west, across to...
- NA0606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga
Palearctic
- Ural Mountains taiga
- PA0610 Urals montane tundra and taiga
- East Siberian taiga
- PA0601 East Siberian taigaEast Siberian taigaThe East Siberian taiga ecoregion, in the Taiga and Boreal forests Biome, is a very large biogeographic region in eastern Russia.-Setting:This vast ecoregion is located in the heart of Siberia, stretching over 20° of latitude and 50° of longitude. The climate in the East Siberian taiga is...
- PA0601 East Siberian taiga
- Kamchatka taiga and grasslands
- PA0603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests
- PA0604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga
- painga mountains taiga
Afrotropic
- Horn of AfricaHorn of AfricaThe Horn of Africa is a peninsula in East Africa that juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. It is the easternmost projection of the African continent...
acacia savannas- AT0715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
- East African acacia savannas
- AT0711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
- Central and Eastern miombo woodlands
- AT0704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlandsCentral Zambezian Miombo woodlandsThe densely forested Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands that cut across southern central Africa are one of the largest ecozones on the continent and home to a great variety of wildlife including many large mammals.-Location and description:...
- AT0706 Eastern Miombo woodlandsEastern Miombo woodlandsThe Eastern Miombo woodlands are an ecoregion of grassland and woodland in southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique.-Setting:These species-rich savanna ecosystems cover wide areas of gentle hills and low valleys containing rivers and dambo wetlands...
- AT0704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands
- Sudanian savannas
- AT0705 East Sudanian savannaEast Sudanian savannaThe East Sudanian Savanna is a hot, dry, tropical savanna ecoregion of central Africa.-Location and description:This is the eastern half of the broad savanna belt which runs east and west across Africa, this section lying east of the Cameroon Highlands...
- AT0722 West Sudanian savanna
- AT0705 East Sudanian savanna
Australasia
- Northern AustraliaAustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and Trans-Fly savannas- AA0701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna
- AA0702 Brigalow tropical savanna
- AA0703 Cape York tropical savanna
- AA0704 Carpentaria tropical savanna
- AA0705 Einasleigh upland savanna
- AA0706 Kimberly tropical savanna
- AA0708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslandsTrans Fly savanna and grasslandsThe Trans Fly savanna and grasslands are a lowland ecoregion on the south coast of the island of New Guinea in both the Indonesian and Papua New Guinean sides of the island...
Indomalaya
- Terai-Duar savannas and grasslands
- IM0701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslandsTerai-Duar savanna and grasslandsThe Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands is a narrow lowland ecoregion at the base of the Himalayas, about wide and a continuation of the Gangetic Plain colloquially called Terai in the Ganges Basin east to Nepal, then Dooars in West Bengal, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Assam east to the Brahmaputra River...
- IM0701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands
Neotropic
- Llanos savannas
- NT0709 LlanosLlanosThe Llanos is a vast tropical grassland plain situated to the east of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela, in northwestern South America. It is an ecoregion of the Flooded grasslands and savannas Biome....
- NT0709 Llanos
- Cerrado woodlands and savannas
- NT0704 CerradoCerradoThe Cerrado, is a vast tropical savanna ecoregion of Brazil, particularly in the states of Gioas and Minas Gerais...
- NT0704 Cerrado
Australasia
- Central Range subalpine grasslands
- AA0802 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands
Nearctic
- Northern prairiePrairiePrairies are considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type...
- NA0810 Northern mixed grasslands
- NA0811 Northern short grasslandsNorthern Short GrasslandsThe Northern short grasslands is one of 867 terrestrial ecoregions defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ecoregion includes parts of the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and the American Great Plains states of Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming, South Dakota and...
- NA0812 Northern tall grasslandsNorthern tall grasslandsThe Northern tall grasslands is one of 867 terrestrial ecoregions defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ecoregion largely follows the Red River Valley in the Canadian province of Manitoba and the American states of North Dakota and Minnesota....
Afrotropic
- SuddSuddThe Sudd , also known as the Bahr al Jabal, As Sudd or Al Sudd, is a vast swamp in South Sudan, formed by the White Nile. The word “sudd” is derived from the Arabic word “sadd”, meaning “block.” The term has come to refer to any large solid floating vegetation island or mat...
- Sahelian flooded grasslands and savannas (CameroonCameroonCameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the...
, ChadChadChad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
, EthiopiaEthiopiaEthiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
, MaliMaliMali , officially the Republic of Mali , is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with...
, NigerNigerNiger , officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east...
, NigeriaNigeriaNigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
, SudanSudanSudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
, UgandaUgandaUganda , officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is also known as the "Pearl of Africa". It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by...
)- AT0903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna
- AT0904 Lake Chad flooded savanna
- AT0905 Saharan flooded grasslands
- Zambezian flooded savannas
- AT0906 Zambezian flooded grasslandsZambezian flooded grasslandsThe Zambezian flooded grasslands is an ecoregion of southern and eastern Africa that is rich in wildlife.-Setting:The Zambezian flooded grasslands can be found on seasonally or permanently flooded lowlands in the basin of the Zambezi and neighboring river basins...
- AT0906 Zambezian flooded grasslands
Indomalaya
- Rann of KutchRann of KutchThe Great Rann of Kutch, also called Greater Rann of Kutch or just Rann of Kutch , is a seasonal salt marsh located in the Thar Desert in the Kutch District of Gujarat, India and the Sindh province of Pakistan....
flooded grasslands- IM0901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh
Neotropic
- EvergladesEvergladesThe Everglades are subtropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large watershed. The system begins near Orlando with the Kissimmee River, which discharges into the vast but shallow Lake Okeechobee...
flooded grasslands- NT0904 EvergladesEvergladesThe Everglades are subtropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large watershed. The system begins near Orlando with the Kissimmee River, which discharges into the vast but shallow Lake Okeechobee...
- NT0904 Everglades
- PantanalPantanalThe Pantanal is a tropical wetland and one of the world's largest wetland of any kind. Most of it lies within the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, but it extends into Mato Grosso and portions of Bolivia and Paraguay, sprawling over an area estimated at between and...
flooded savannas- NT0907 PantanalPantanalThe Pantanal is a tropical wetland and one of the world's largest wetland of any kind. Most of it lies within the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, but it extends into Mato Grosso and portions of Bolivia and Paraguay, sprawling over an area estimated at between and...
- NT0907 Pantanal
Afrotropic
- Ethiopian Highlands
- AT1007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
- AT1008 Ethiopian montane moorlands
- Southern Rift montane woodlands
- AT1015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic
- East African moorlands
- AT1005 East African montane moorlandsEast African montane moorlandsThe East African montane moorlands are a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion which occupies several high mountain peaks in Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda-Setting:...
- AT1005 East African montane moorlands
- DrakensbergDrakensbergThe Drakensberg is the highest mountain range in Southern Africa, rising to in height. In Zulu, it is referred to as uKhahlamba , and in Sesotho as Maluti...
montane shrublands and woodlands- AT1003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands
- AT1004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests
Neotropic
- Northern Andean paramoPáramoThe term páramo can refer to a variety of ecosystems. Some ecologists describe the páramo broadly as “all high, tropical, montane vegetation above the continuous timberline”. A more narrow term classifies the páramo according to its regional placement - specifically located in “the northern Andes...
- NT1006 Northern Andean paramo
- Central Andean dry punaPunaPuna may refer to:* Puna grassland, a type of grassland in the central part of the high Andes* Puna , the king of Hiti-marama or of Vavau in the Tuamotu legend of Rata* Puna , a type of wind in the Andes...
- NT1001 Central Andean dry punaCentral Andean dry punaThe Central Andean dry puna is an ecoregion, in the Montane grasslands and shrublands biome, located in the Andean High plateau, in South America...
- NT1001 Central Andean dry puna
Palearctic
- Tibetan Plateau steppe
- PA1020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrub and meadows
- Middle Asian montane steppe and woodlands (AfghanistanAfghanistanAfghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
, ChinaChinaChinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, Kazakstan, KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
, TajikistanTajikistanTajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east....
, TurkmenistanTurkmenistanTurkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
, UzbekistanUzbekistanUzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
)- PA1011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert
- PA1015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows
- PA1013 Ordos Plateau steppe
- Eastern Himalayan alpine meadows
- PA1003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadowsEastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadowsThe Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion of Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal, which lies between the tree line and snow line in the eastern portion of the Himalaya Range.-Setting:...
- PA1003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
NearcticNearcticThe Nearctic is one of the eight terrestrial ecozones dividing the Earth's land surface.The Nearctic ecozone covers most of North America, including Greenland and the highlands of Mexico...
- Alaskan North Slope coastal tundra (CanadaCanadaCanada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
)- NA1103 Arctic coastal tundraArctic coastal tundraThe Arctic coastal tundra is an ecoregion of the far north of North America, an important breeding ground for a great deal of wildlife.-Setting:...
- NA1104 Arctic foothills tundraArctic foothills tundraThe Arctic foothills tundra is an ecoregion of the far north of North America, lying inland from the north coast of Alaska. This is permafrost tundra with an average annual temperature below freezing.-Setting:This is a hilly area between the of 123,512 km2...
- NA1108 Brooks-British Range tundra
- NA1103 Arctic coastal tundra
- Canadian low arctic tundra (CanadaCanadaCanada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
)- NA1114 Low Arctic tundra
- NA1116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra
- NA1118 Torngat Mountain tundra
PalearcticPalearcticThe Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth's surface.Physically, the Palearctic is the largest ecozone...
- Fenno - Scandia alpine tundra and taiga (FinlandFinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
, NorwayNorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, SwedenSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
)- PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taigaScandinavian and Russian taigaThe Scandinavian and Russian taiga is an ecoregion within the Taiga and Boreal forests Biome as defined by the WWF classification...
- PA1106 Kola Peninsula tundra
- PA1110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslandsScandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslandsThe Scandinavian Montane Birch forests and grasslands ecoregion, a Palearctic ecoregion of the Alpine tundra and Boreal forest Biomes, located in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. It is one of the terrestrial ecoregions determined and defined by the World Wildlife Fund...
- PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga
- Taimyr and Siberian coastal tundra
- PA1107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra
- PA1111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra
- Chukote coastal tundra (RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
)- PA1104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra
Afrotropic
- FynbosFynbosFynbos is the natural shrubland or heathland vegetation occurring in a small belt of the Western Cape of South Africa, mainly in winter rainfall coastal and mountainous areas with a Mediterranean climate...
- AT1202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld
- AT1203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld
Australasia
- Southwestern Australia forests and scrub
- AA1201 Coolgardie woodlands
- AA1202 Esperance malleeEsperance malleeEsperance Mallee is a World Wide Fund for Nature ecoregion on the south coast of Western Australia, a coastal strip where the predominant vegetation consists of short eucalyptus trees and shrubs.-Location and description:...
- AA1209 Southwest Australia savannaSouthwest Australia savannaSouthwest Australia savanna is an ecoregion in Western Australia.-Location and description:This dry region is a belt between the Mediterranean climate of the southwest corner and the semi-arid sandplains inland and to the north...
- AA1210 Southwest Australia woodlands
- Southern Australia mallee and woodlands
- AA1203 Eyre and York mallee
- AA1206 Mount Lofty woodlands
- AA1208 Naracoorte woodlands
Nearctic
- California chaparral and woodlandsCalifornia chaparral and woodlandsThe California chaparral and woodlands is a terrestrial ecoregion of lower northern, central, and southern California and northwestern Baja California , located on the west coast of North America...
- NA1201 California coastal sage and chaparral
- NA1202 California interior chaparral and woodlandsCalifornia interior chaparral and woodlandsThe California interior chaparral and woodlands ecoregion covers in an elliptical ring around the California Central Valley. It occurs on hills and mountains ranging from to . It is part of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, with cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers...
- NA1203 California montane chaparral and woodlandsCalifornia montane chaparral and woodlandsThe California montane chaparral and woodlands ecoregion covers , including the mountains of the Transverse, Peninsular, and Santa Lucia Ranges of California. It is part of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, with cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers...
Palearctic
- Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
- PA1214 Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrubMediterranean BasinIn biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation...
- PA1214 Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Afrotropic
- Namib - Karoo - Kaokoveld deserts (AngolaAngolaAngola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...
, NamibiaNamibiaNamibia, officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March...
, South AfricaSouth AfricaThe Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
)- AT1310 Kaokoveld desert
- AT1314 Nama Karoo
- AT1315 Namib desertNamib DesertThe Namib Desert is a desert in Namibia and southwest Angola that forms part of the Namib-Naukluft National Park, the largest game reserve in Africa. The name "Namib" is of Nama origin and means "vast place"...
- AT1322 Succulent KarooSucculent KarooThe Succulent Karoo is a desert ecoregion of South Africa and Namibia.-Setting:The Succulent Karoo stretches along the coastal strip of southwestern Namibia and South Africa's Northern Cape Province, where the cold Benguela Current offshore creates frequent fogs. The ecoregion extends inland into...
- Madagascar spiny thicket
- AT1311 Madagascar spiny thicketsMadagascar spiny thicketsThe Madagascar spiny thickets is an ecoregion in Madagascar. The vegetation type is found on poor substrates with low, erratic winter rainfall. An estimated 14,000 to is covered with this habitat, all in the southwest of the country...
- AT1311 Madagascar spiny thickets
- Socotra Island desert (YemenYemenThe Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
)- AT1318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands
- Arabian Highland woodlands and shrublands (OmanOmanOman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
, Saudi ArabiaSaudi ArabiaThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
, United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab EmiratesThe United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
, YemenYemenThe Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
)- AT1320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna
- AT1321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlandsSouthwestern Arabian montane woodlandsThe Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands is a xeric woodland ecoregion of the Arabian Peninsula.-Setting:The ecoregion covers an area of , lying above 2000 meters elevations in the Asir Mountains of southwestern Saudi Arabia and the Western Highlands of Yemen.-Flora:The flora changes with elevation...
Australasia
- Carnavon xeric scrub
- AA1301 Carnarvon xeric shrublandsCarnarvon xeric shrublandsThe Carnarvon xeric shrublands is a deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion of Western Australia, contiguous with the Carnarvon Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia bioregion...
- AA1301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands
- Great Sandy - Tanami deserts
- AA1304 Great Sandy-Tanami desertGreat Sandy-Tanami desertThe Great Sandy-Tanami desert is a World Wildlife Fund ecoregion of Western Australia extending into the Northern Territory.-Location and description:...
- AA1304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert
Nearctic
- Sonoran - Baja deserts
- NA1301 Baja California desertBaja California DesertThe Baja California Desert is a Desert ecoregion of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula.-Geography and climate:The ecoregion covers 77,700 square kilometers and includes most of the Peninsula's western slope. It is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the east by the Peninsular Ranges...
- NA1310 Sonoran desertSonoran DesertThe Sonoran Desert is a North American desert which straddles part of the United States-Mexico border and covers large parts of the U.S. states of Arizona and California and the northwest Mexican states of Sonora, Baja California, and Baja California Sur. It is one of the largest and hottest...
- NA1301 Baja California desert
- Chihuahuan - Tehuacan deserts
- NA1303 Chihuahuan desertChihuahuan DesertThe Chihuahuan Desert is a desert, and an ecoregion designation, that straddles the U.S.-Mexico border in the central and northern portions of the Mexican Plateau, bordered on the west by the extensive Sierra Madre Occidental range, and overlaying northern portions of the east range, the Sierra...
- NA1303 Chihuahuan desert
Neotropic
- Galapagos IslandsGalápagos IslandsThe Galápagos Islands are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean, west of continental Ecuador, of which they are a part.The Galápagos Islands and its surrounding waters form an Ecuadorian province, a national park, and a...
scrub- NT1307 Galapagos Islands xeric scrub
- Atacama - Sechura deserts
- NT1303 Atacama desertAtacama DesertThe Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, covering a strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is, according to NASA, National Geographic and many other publications, the driest desert in the world...
- NT1315 Sechura desertSechura DesertThe Sechura Desert is located south of the Piura Region of Peru along the Pacific Ocean coast and inland to the foothills of the Andes Mountains...
- NT1303 Atacama desert
Palearctic
- Central Asian deserts (Kazakstan, KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
, UzbekistanUzbekistanUzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
, TurkmenistanTurkmenistanTurkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
)- PA1310 Central Asian northern desertCentral Asian northern desertThe Central Asian northern desert is an ecoregion in the deserts and xeric shrublands biome, located in the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan-Setting:...
- PA1312 Central Asian southern desert
- PA1310 Central Asian northern desert
Afrotropic
- East African mangroves
- AT1402 East African mangrovesEast African mangrovesThe East African mangroves are an ecoregion consisting of mangrove swamps along the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in southern Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya and southern Somalia.-Location and description:...
- AT1402 East African mangroves
- Gulf of Guinea mangroves
- AT1403 Guinean mangrovesGuinean mangrovesThe Guinean mangroves are a coastal ecoregion of mangrove swamps in rivers and estuaries near the ocean of West Africa from Senegal to Sierra Leone.-Location and description:...
- AT1403 Guinean mangroves
- Madagascar mangroves
- AT1404 Madagascar mangrovesMadagascar mangrovesThe Madagascar mangroves are a coastal ecoregion, in the Mangrove forest aquatic biome, of mangrove swamps in rivers and estuaries in Madagascar, mainly on the west coast.-Location and description:...
- AT1404 Madagascar mangroves
Indomalaya
- Greater Sundas mangroves
- IM1405 Sunda Shelf mangrovesSunda Shelf mangrovesThe Sunda Shelf mangroves ecoregion, in the Mangrove Biome, are on the coasts of the islands of Borneo and eastern Sumatra in Malaysia and Indonesia...
- IM1405 Sunda Shelf mangroves
- Sundarbans mangroves
- IM1406 Sundarbans mangroves
Neotropic
- Guianan - Amazon mangroves
- NT1401 Alvarado mangroves
- NT1402 Amapa mangroves
- NT1406 Belizean reef mangroves
- NT1411 Guianan mangroves
- NT1427 Pará mangroves
- Panama Bight mangroves
- NT1405 Belizean coast mangroves
- NT1414 Gulf of Panama mangroves
Afrotropic
- Congo RiverCongo RiverThe Congo River is a river in Africa, and is the deepest river in the world, with measured depths in excess of . It is the second largest river in the world by volume of water discharged, though it has only one-fifth the volume of the world's largest river, the Amazon...
and flooded forests (AngolaAngolaAngola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...
, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo)
Nearctic
- Colorado River (Mexico, United States)
- Lower Mississippi RiverMississippi RiverThe Mississippi River is the largest river system in North America. Flowing entirely in the United States, this river rises in western Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains...
(United States)
Neotropic
- Amazon RiverAmazon RiverThe Amazon of South America is the second longest river in the world and by far the largest by waterflow with an average discharge greater than the next seven largest rivers combined...
and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Peru) - Orinoco River and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
Afrotropic
- CongoCongo RiverThe Congo River is a river in Africa, and is the deepest river in the world, with measured depths in excess of . It is the second largest river in the world by volume of water discharged, though it has only one-fifth the volume of the world's largest river, the Amazon...
basin piedmont rivers and streams (Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Sudan)
Neotropic
- Upper AmazonAmazon RiverThe Amazon of South America is the second longest river in the world and by far the largest by waterflow with an average discharge greater than the next seven largest rivers combined...
rivers and streams (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela) - Upper ParanáParaná RiverThe Paraná River is a river in south Central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina for some . It is second in length only to the Amazon River among South American rivers. The name Paraná is an abbreviation of the phrase "para rehe onáva", which comes from the Tupi language...
rivers and streams (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay) - Brazilian Shield AmazonianAmazon RiverThe Amazon of South America is the second longest river in the world and by far the largest by waterflow with an average discharge greater than the next seven largest rivers combined...
rivers and streams (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
Palearctic
- Volga River DeltaVolga DeltaThe Volga Delta is the largest river delta in Europe, and occurs where Europe's largest river system, the Volga River, drains into the Caspian Sea in Russia's Astrakhan Oblast, north-east of the republic of Kalmykia. The delta is located in the Caspian Depression—the far eastern part of the delta...
(Kazakhstan, Russia) - Mesopotamian delta and marshes (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait)
- Danube River deltaDanube DeltaThe Danube Delta is the second largest river delta in Europe, after the Volga Delta, and is the best preserved on the continent. The greater part of the Danube Delta lies in Romania , while its northern part, on the left bank of the Chilia arm, is situated in Ukraine . The approximate surface is...
(Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia) - Lena RiverLena RiverThe Lena is the easternmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean . It is the 11th longest river in the world and has the 9th largest watershed...
delta (Russia)
Afrotropic
- Upper Guinea rivers and streams (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone)
- Madagascar freshwater (MadagascarMadagascarThe Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
) - Gulf of GuineaGulf of GuineaThe Gulf of Guinea is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean between Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. The intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian is in the gulf....
rivers and streams (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Republic of Congo) - Cape rivers and streams (South AfricaSouth AfricaThe Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
)
Australasia
- New Guinea rivers and streams (IndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
, Papua New GuineaPapua New GuineaPapua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
) - New Caledonia rivers and streams (New CaledoniaNew CaledoniaNew Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...
) - Kimberley rivers and streams (AustraliaAustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
) - Southwest Australia rivers and streams (AustraliaAustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
) - Eastern Australia rivers and streams (AustraliaAustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
)
Indomalaya
- Xi Jiang rivers and streams (China, Vietnam)
- Western GhatsWestern GhatsThe Western Ghats, Western Ghauts or the Sahyādri is a mountain range along the western side of India. It runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. The Western Ghats block rainfall to the Deccan...
Rivers and Streams (IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
) - Southwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streamsSouthwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streamsSouthwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streams is a freshwater ecoregion in Sri Lanka. The ecoregion is listed in Global 200, a list of ecoregions compiled by the World Wide Fund for Nature for conservation priorities....
(Sri LankaSri LankaSri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
) - Salween RiverSalween RiverThe Salween is a river, about long, that flows from the Tibetan Plateau into the Andaman Sea in Southeast Asia. It drains a narrow and mountainous watershed of that extends into the countries China, Burma and Thailand. Steep canyon walls line the swift, powerful and undammed Salween, one of the...
(China, Myanmar, Thailand) - SundalandSundalandSundaland is a biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia which encompasses the areas of the Asian continental shelf that was exposed during the last ice age. It included the Malay Peninsula on the Asian mainland, as well as the large islands of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra and their surrounding...
rivers and swamps (Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore)
Nearctic
- Southeastern rivers and streams (United States)
- Pacific NorthwestPacific NorthwestThe Pacific Northwest is a region in northwestern North America, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Definitions of the region vary and there is no commonly agreed upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common concept of the...
coastal rivers and streams (United States) - Gulf of AlaskaGulf of AlaskaThe Gulf of Alaska is an arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Alexander Archipelago in the east, where Glacier Bay and the Inside Passage are found.The entire shoreline of the Gulf is...
coastal rivers and streams (Canada, United States)
Neotropic
- Guianan freshwater (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
- Greater Antillean freshwater (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico)
Palearctic
- Balkan rivers and streams (Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia)
- Russian Far East rivers and wetlands (China, Mongolia, Russia)
Afrotropic
- Rift Valley lakesRift Valley lakesThe Rift Valley lakes are a group of lakes in the Great Rift Valley formed by the East African Rift which runs through the whole eastern side of the African continent from north to south...
(Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia)
Australasia
- Lakes KutubuLake KutubuLake Kutubu is a lake in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. It lies to the east of the Kikori River, into which it eventually drains. It is about 50 km southwest of Mendi, the provincial capital. It is one of the few lakes in the country that occurs in a depression in the...
and Sentani (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea) - Central SulawesiSulawesiSulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. In Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger Indonesian populations.- Etymology :The Portuguese were the first to...
lakes (Indonesia)
Indomalaya
- Philippines freshwater (Philippines)
- Inle LakeInle LakeInle Lake is a freshwater lake located in the Nyaungshwe Township of Taunggyi District of Shan State, part of Shan Hills in Myanmar . It is the second largest lake in Myanmar with an estimated surface area of , and one of the highest at an altitude of...
(Myanmar) - YunnanYunnanYunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
lakes and streams (China)
Arctic OceanArctic OceanThe Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
- Bering SeaBering SeaThe Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It comprises a deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelves....
(Canada, Russia, United States) - Barents-Kara Sea (Norway, Russia)
Mediterranean
- Mediterranean SeaMediterranean SeaThe Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant...
(Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Serbia & Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey)
North Temperate Atlantic
- Northeast Atlantic Shelf Marine (Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom)
- Grand BanksGrand BanksThe Grand Banks of Newfoundland are a group of underwater plateaus southeast of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf. These areas are relatively shallow, ranging from in depth. The cold Labrador Current mixes with the warm waters of the Gulf Stream here.The mixing of these waters...
(Canada, St. Pierre and Miquelon (France), United States) - Chesapeake BayChesapeake BayThe Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. It lies off the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by Maryland and Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay's drainage basin covers in the District of Columbia and parts of six states: New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West...
(United States)
North Temperate Indo-Pacific
- Yellow SeaYellow SeaThe Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula. Its name comes from the sand particles from Gobi Desert sand storms that turn the surface of the water golden...
(China, North Korea, South Korea) - Sea of OkhotskSea of OkhotskThe Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, lying between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaidō to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and...
(Japan, Russia)
Southern OceanSouthern OceanThe Southern Ocean comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60°S latitude and encircling Antarctica. It is usually regarded as the fourth-largest of the five principal oceanic divisions...
- Patagonian Southwest Atlantic (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay)
- Southern Australian Marine (Australia)
- New Zealand Marine (New Zealand)
South Temperate Indo-Pacific
- Humboldt CurrentHumboldt CurrentThe Humboldt Current , also known as the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north-westward along the west coast of South America from the southern tip of Chile to northern Peru. It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator, and can extend...
(Chile, Ecuador, Peru) - Agulhas CurrentAgulhas CurrentThe Agulhas Current is the Western Boundary Current of the southwest Indian Ocean. It flows down the east coast of Africa from 27°S to 40°S. It is narrow, swift and strong...
(Mozambique, South Africa)
Eastern Indo-Pacific
- Panama BightPanama BightThe Panama Bight is a marine ecoregion on the Pacific coast of the Americas.The Panama Bight extends eastwards from the Azuero Peninsula in Panama along the coast of the Gulf of Panama and Archipelago de las Perlas. It continues south along the entire Pacific coast of Colombia to the coast of...
(Colombia, Ecuador, Panama) - Gulf of CaliforniaGulf of CaliforniaThe Gulf of California is a body of water that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland...
(Mexico) - Galápagos Marine (Ecuador)
Eastern Tropical Atlantic
- Canary CurrentCanary CurrentThe Canary Current is a wind-driven surface current that is part of the North Atlantic Gyre. This eastern boundary current branches south from the North Atlantic Current and flows southwest about as far as Senegal where it turns west and later joins the Atlantic North Equatorial Current. The...
(Canary Islands, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal, Western Sahara)
Central Indo-Pacific
- Nansei Shoto (Japan)
- Sulu-Sulawesi Seas (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines)
- Bismarck-Solomon Seas (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands)
- Banda-Flores Sea (Indonesia)
- New Caledonia Barrier ReefNew Caledonia Barrier ReefThe New Caledonia Barrier Reef is located in New Caledonia in the South Pacific, and is the second-longest double-barrier coral reef in the world, after Australia's Great Barrier Reef....
(New Caledonia) - Great Barrier ReefGreat Barrier ReefThe Great Barrier Reef is the world'slargest reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,600 kilometres over an area of approximately...
(Australia) - Lord Howe-Norfolk Islands Marine (Australia)
- Palau Marine (Palau)
- Andaman SeaAndaman SeaThe Andaman Sea or Burma Sea is a body of water to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Burma, west of Thailand and east of the Andaman Islands, India; it is part of the Indian Ocean....
(Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand)
Eastern Indo-Pacific
- Tahitian Marine (Cook Islands, French Polynesia)
- Hawaiian Marine (Hawaii)
- Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
- Fiji Barrier Reef (Fiji)
Western Indo-Pacific
- MaldivesMaldivesThe Maldives , , officially Republic of Maldives , also referred to as the Maldive Islands, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls oriented north-south off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and...
, ChagosChagos ArchipelagoThe Chagos Archipelago , is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 individual tropical islands in the Indian Ocean; situated some due south of the Maldives archipelago. This chain of islands are the southernmost archipelago of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge a long submarine mountain range...
, and LakshadweepLakshadweepLakshadweep , formerly known as the Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands, is a group of islands in the Laccadive Sea, 200 to 440 km off the coast of the South West Indian state of Kerala...
atolls (Chagos Archipelago (United Kingdom), India, Maldives, Sri Lanka) - Red SeaRed SeaThe Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez...
(Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen) - Arabian SeaArabian SeaThe Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui in northeastern Somalia and Kanyakumari in India...
(Djibouti, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen) - East African Marine (Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania)
- West Madagascar Marine (Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte and Iles Glorieuses (France), Seychelles)
Western Tropical Atlantic
- Mesoamerican Barrier Reef SystemMesoamerican Barrier Reef SystemThe Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System stretches over 1000 km from Isla Contoy at the tip of the Yucatán Peninsula down to the Bay Islands of Honduras...
(Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico) - Greater Antillean Marine (Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States)
- Southern Caribbean Sea (Aruba, Colombia, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela)
- Northeast Brazil Shelf Marine (Brazil)
Priority Places (19)
- Amazon - World’s largest tropical rain forest and river basin
- Amur-Heilong - Refuge for the world’s great cats
- The Arctic - Protecting Arctic Environments
- Borneo and Sumatra - Priceless forests harbor untold species
- Chihuahuan Desert - Protecting the balance of a desert
- Coastal East Africa - Improving livelihoods by conserving nature
- Congo Basin - Protecting Africa’s tropical forests
- Coral Triangle - Home to the world’s most abundant variety of corals and sea life
- Eastern Himalayas - Empowering communities to protect sacred lands
- The Galápagos - The world’s most treasured islands
- Gulf of California - Protecting the world’s aquarium
- Madagascar - Safeguarding one of Earth’s most captivating islands
- Mekong - Protecting the river of life from source to sea
- Mesoamerican Reef - The Atlantic Ocean’s largest coral reef
- Namibia - Empowering communities to manage their natural resources
- Northern Great Plains - Restoring the great American prairie
- U.S. Southeast Rivers and Streams - Safeguarding America's richest source of freshwater
- Southern Chile - A land of ancient forests and abundant oceans
- Yangtze - Sustaining a valley of life