House of Pola
Encyclopedia
The House of Pola is an Italian
noble family. The origins of the House of Pola date back at least until 990. The name of the family refers to the town of Pula
(Italian: Pola) in Istria County
, Croatia
, which was in their possession from 1271 until 1331.
, when Sergio de Pola donated the property to the monastery of San Michele in Monte near Pula
.. However, the family refers to the Roman patrician gens Sergius
, which lived in Pula
in the time of the Roman Empire
. . The family tree starts in 1180, when lived Bonifacio Sergi, which became the collector of taxes in the Istrian county. His three sons founded two branches of the family in 13th century - the Istrian branch (Galvano) and a branch of Treviso
(Nascinguerra I). The family got importance in 1265, when Monfiorito da Pola became the Vicarius of the counts of Gorzia in Istria
.
and Sergi made themselves the Lords of Pola. The Sergi family moved to the castle of Pola and changed its name to Castropola. According the legend the Jonatasi family did not accept the Castropola as their lords and they attacked the Good Friday procession, where took Castropola place and slaughtered all but one family members. The only survived was a small boy, which has been rescued by his valet, which hid him in the monastery in Pula
. However, this legend is not true.
In 1285 was Monfiorito da Pola replaced by his brother Nascinguerra II. da Pola, which had been knighted and his son Matteo da Pola became in 1280 the bishop of Pula
. In 1294 were extended the powers of the government of Castropola family, that should became the break against the venetian influence in Istria
. Because of that was the property power of the family extended, too, so Castropola became one of the richest families in Istria
. The family felt powerfull enought to come out against the Republic of Venice
, but it was defeated and had to leave Pula
in 1331. The family moved to the another family branch, which lived in Treviso
. Its members served the Republic of Venice
and got the title of Count
. The family had branched to many lines, which have moved to Milan
, back to
Istria
and to the Holy Roman Empire
.
. In 1331 jointed the branch with the another family part, which had to leave Istria. The family became very rich because of Sergio III. da Pola, which was a perfect businessman. One of his sons, Francesco de Pola studied the law in Padua
and in 1431 he became the doctor of law. The pope Eugene IV
made him the chief judge of Rome
. Francesco reached the big gravity. He died in 1450. In the next generation aroused public notice Bernardino de Pola, which builded the Pola palace in Treviso
. The architect was Pietro Lombardi
. From the world of culture is also famous Laura da Pola, because of her painting from Lorenzo Lotto
. In 1569 fighted Sergio da Pola against the Osman Empire in Cyprus
. His brother Ansoisio da Pola married in 1575 Lavinia Caetani. The Caetani
were one of the most important roman families, that gave to the church two popes and with the Colonna and Orsini family was the most powerful family of Rome
. The son of Ansoisio, Filippo Cristoforo, moved in 1607 to Bohemia
, where live his descendants up to the present day, without being confirmed as a bohemian noble family - so they count not to the bohemian nobility. In their possession is the Bukovec Castle. The next important member of the family was Pietro de Pola. He was a member of the Order di San Marco - the most important venetian order. In the same order was also Paolo di Pola since 1675. His namesake Paolo de Pola married Isabelle Gonzaga, so the Pola family were ally with the dukes of Mantua
. Camillo de Pola became in 1721 the knight of Sovereign Military Order of Malta. One of the
most important family members was count Paolo Luigi di Pola, since 1807 Knight of the Order of the Iron Crown
and "ciambellano della corte del Vicere". He was a personal friend of Napoleon Bonaparte, which visited him in his palace in Treviso
. 5th of August was count Antonio di Pola confirmed as the noble of Treviso, so he counts to the Austrian nobility.
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
noble family. The origins of the House of Pola date back at least until 990. The name of the family refers to the town of Pula
Pula
Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...
(Italian: Pola) in Istria County
Istria County
Istria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene...
, Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
, which was in their possession from 1271 until 1331.
History
The family is mentioned for the first time in 990990
Year 990 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Religion :* The Pax Ecclesiae, an edict by the church in southern France attempting to outlaw acts of war against non-combatants and the clergy, is promulgated.- Births :* Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor * Edmund II of England,...
, when Sergio de Pola donated the property to the monastery of San Michele in Monte near Pula
Pula
Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...
.. However, the family refers to the Roman patrician gens Sergius
Sergius
Sergius was a name of a Roman Patrician Gens originally from Alba Longa and can refer to:- Roman Catholic Popes :*Pope Sergius I , Sicilian-born pope*Pope Sergius II , Italian-born pope...
, which lived in Pula
Pula
Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...
in the time of the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
. . The family tree starts in 1180, when lived Bonifacio Sergi, which became the collector of taxes in the Istrian county. His three sons founded two branches of the family in 13th century - the Istrian branch (Galvano) and a branch of Treviso
Treviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
(Nascinguerra I). The family got importance in 1265, when Monfiorito da Pola became the Vicarius of the counts of Gorzia in Istria
Istria
Istria , formerly Histria , is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner...
.
Year 1271
1271 won the authoritative party, which leader was the Sergi family the political fight against the democratic party (Jonatasi family) in the city of PulaPula
Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...
and Sergi made themselves the Lords of Pola. The Sergi family moved to the castle of Pola and changed its name to Castropola. According the legend the Jonatasi family did not accept the Castropola as their lords and they attacked the Good Friday procession, where took Castropola place and slaughtered all but one family members. The only survived was a small boy, which has been rescued by his valet, which hid him in the monastery in Pula
Pula
Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...
. However, this legend is not true.
In 1285 was Monfiorito da Pola replaced by his brother Nascinguerra II. da Pola, which had been knighted and his son Matteo da Pola became in 1280 the bishop of Pula
Pula
Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...
. In 1294 were extended the powers of the government of Castropola family, that should became the break against the venetian influence in Istria
Istria
Istria , formerly Histria , is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner...
. Because of that was the property power of the family extended, too, so Castropola became one of the richest families in Istria
Istria
Istria , formerly Histria , is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner...
. The family felt powerfull enought to come out against the Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
, but it was defeated and had to leave Pula
Pula
Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...
in 1331. The family moved to the another family branch, which lived in Treviso
Treviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
. Its members served the Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
and got the title of Count
Count
A count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...
. The family had branched to many lines, which have moved to Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, back to
Istria
Istria
Istria , formerly Histria , is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner...
and to the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
.
Branch of Treviso
This branch was founded by Nascinguerra I.. His son Bonifacio I. da Pola became between years 1269-1283 the mayor of TrevisoTreviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
. In 1331 jointed the branch with the another family part, which had to leave Istria. The family became very rich because of Sergio III. da Pola, which was a perfect businessman. One of his sons, Francesco de Pola studied the law in Padua
Padua
Padua is a city and comune in the Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Padua and the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 212,500 . The city is sometimes included, with Venice and Treviso, in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area, having...
and in 1431 he became the doctor of law. The pope Eugene IV
Pope Eugene IV
Pope Eugene IV , born Gabriele Condulmer, was pope from March 3, 1431, to his death.-Biography:He was born in Venice to a rich merchant family, a Correr on his mother's side. Condulmer entered the Order of Saint Augustine at the monastery of St. George in his native city...
made him the chief judge of Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
. Francesco reached the big gravity. He died in 1450. In the next generation aroused public notice Bernardino de Pola, which builded the Pola palace in Treviso
Treviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
. The architect was Pietro Lombardi
Pietro Lombardi
Pietro Lombardi was an Italian wrestler. He won gold for Wrestling at the 1948 Summer Olympics in the flyweight division.- References :...
. From the world of culture is also famous Laura da Pola, because of her painting from Lorenzo Lotto
Lorenzo Lotto
Lorenzo Lotto was a Northern Italian painter draughtsman and illustrator, traditionally placed in the Venetian school. He painted mainly altarpieces, religious subjects and portraits...
. In 1569 fighted Sergio da Pola against the Osman Empire in Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
. His brother Ansoisio da Pola married in 1575 Lavinia Caetani. The Caetani
Caetani
Caetani, or Gaetani, is the name of an Italian noble family princely family which played a great part in the history of Pisa and of Rome, principally via their close links to the papacy.-Origins:...
were one of the most important roman families, that gave to the church two popes and with the Colonna and Orsini family was the most powerful family of Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
. The son of Ansoisio, Filippo Cristoforo, moved in 1607 to Bohemia
Bohemia
Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague...
, where live his descendants up to the present day, without being confirmed as a bohemian noble family - so they count not to the bohemian nobility. In their possession is the Bukovec Castle. The next important member of the family was Pietro de Pola. He was a member of the Order di San Marco - the most important venetian order. In the same order was also Paolo di Pola since 1675. His namesake Paolo de Pola married Isabelle Gonzaga, so the Pola family were ally with the dukes of Mantua
Mantua
Mantua is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the province of the same name. Mantua's historic power and influence under the Gonzaga family, made it one of the main artistic, cultural and notably musical hubs of Northern Italy and the country as a whole...
. Camillo de Pola became in 1721 the knight of Sovereign Military Order of Malta. One of the
most important family members was count Paolo Luigi di Pola, since 1807 Knight of the Order of the Iron Crown
Order of the Iron Crown
The Imperial Order of the Iron Crown was established June 5, 1805 by Napoleon Bonaparte . It took its name from the ancient Iron Crown of Lombardy, a medieval jewel with an iron ring, forged from what was supposed to be a nail from the True Cross as a band on the inside. This crown also gave its...
and "ciambellano della corte del Vicere". He was a personal friend of Napoleon Bonaparte, which visited him in his palace in Treviso
Treviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
. 5th of August was count Antonio di Pola confirmed as the noble of Treviso, so he counts to the Austrian nobility.
Notable family members
- Monfiorito da Pola - in 1265, Chief judge of Istria CountyIstria CountyIstria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene...
- Nascinguerra da Pola – in 1285, Chief judge of Istria CountyIstria CountyIstria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene...
- Matteo da Pola - since 1280, bischop of PulaPulaPula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...
- Sergius II. da Pola - Admiral, in 1318 - 1319 he commanded the fleet against Venice. In 1319 he won the battle against admiral Nicola da Badoera.
- Francesco de Pola - in 1431 doctor of law in PaduaUniversity of PaduaThe University of Padua is a premier Italian university located in the city of Padua, Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 as a school of law and was one of the most prominent universities in early modern Europe. It is among the earliest universities of the world and the second...
, Chief judge of city of Rome - Laura da Pola - in 1544 painted by the Venetian painter Lorenzo LottoLorenzo LottoLorenzo Lotto was a Northern Italian painter draughtsman and illustrator, traditionally placed in the Venetian school. He painted mainly altarpieces, religious subjects and portraits...
a very famous portrait of her. - Laura da Pola - since 1604 wife of baron Niccolo Colloredo, ancestor of the princely line Colloredo-Mansfeld.
- Francesco Alberti di Pola - since 1677, Prince and Archbishop of TrentTrent-Places:* Trento in northern Italy, site of the Council of Trent* Trent, Dorset, England, United Kingdom* Trent, Germany, a municipality on the island of Rügen* Trent, California, USA* Trent, Kentucky, USA* Trent, South Dakota, USA* Trent, Texas, USA...
- Sergio Pola - since 1706, titular bishop of FamagustaFamagustaFamagusta is a city on the east coast of Cyprus and is capital of the Famagusta District. It is located east of Nicosia, and possesses the deepest harbour of the island.-Name:...
- Paolo Luigi di Pola – since 1807 Knight of the Order of the Iron CrownOrder of the Iron CrownThe Imperial Order of the Iron Crown was established June 5, 1805 by Napoleon Bonaparte . It took its name from the ancient Iron Crown of Lombardy, a medieval jewel with an iron ring, forged from what was supposed to be a nail from the True Cross as a band on the inside. This crown also gave its...
and "ciambellano della corte del Vicere". He was a friend of Napoleon Bonaparte. - Teresa Pola - since 1806 wife of general Adam Albert von NeippergAdam Albert von NeippergAdam Albert, Count von Neipperg was an Austrian general and statesman. The son of a diplomat, famous for inventing a letter-copying machine, and a French mother, he was the grandson of Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg....
- Bedrich Pola - the founder of Asix companyASIX s.r.o.ASIX s.r.o. is an electronics company, located in Prague, Czech Republic.- About the company :The company was founded in 1991. It was the first private integrated circuit Development Centre in the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. Since 1997 cooperated ASIX with Microchip Technology. Among others...
- the first private integrated circuitIntegrated circuitAn integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit is an electronic circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material...
Development Centre in the Czech and Slovak Federal RepublicCzech and Slovak Federal RepublicCzech and Slovak Federal Republic was the official name of Czechoslovakia from April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.- Adoption of the name :Since 1960, Czechoslovakia's official name had been Czechoslovak Socialist Republic...
.
Sources
- Luigi Urettini: La lacrimevole istoria del conte Titta Pola (it), Treviso 2007
- Alteniero Degli Azzoni Avogadro: 1796 - 1803 - Vita privata e publicca nelle Provincie venete (da memorie e documenti inediti) (it), Libreria editrice Canova, Treviso 1954, S. 249
- Camillo De Franceschi: Il Comune polese e la signoria dei Castropola, AMSI 1904
- B. Benussi: Povijest Pule u svjetskih municipalnih ustanova do 1918, Pula 2002