Hyderabad, Sindh
Encyclopedia
is the second largest city in the Sindh
province of Pakistan
. It is the seventh largest city in the country. The city was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro
upon the ruins of a Mauryan fishing village along the bank of the Indus known as Neroon Kot (Sindhi
: نيرُون ڪوٽ). Formerly the capital of Sindh, it serves as the HQ of the district of Hyderabad
. Before the creation of Pakistan, it was known as the Paris of India, for its roads used to be washed with river water.
The political boundaries stage the city as a district and the region has seen major political turmoil. From the battles fought against the British occupation to the civilian unrest in the 1980s, the city has lost its glory of past and much of its cultural and architectural heritage lies in tattered ruins.
Hyderabad is a hot and humid city in the south of the nation and has been a staging point for literary campaigns particularly oriented towards the Sindhi language
and a birthplace of a few influential poets and Sufi dervish
es. Rich with culture and tradition, the city is the largest bangle
producer in the world and serves as a transit between the rural and the urban Sindh.
Stationed close to important architectural digs like the pre-Harappan Amri at 110 km, the region holds extreme importance to archaeologists
the world over. The city is also known for its medical and educational institutions. It is also home to one of the oldest universities in the region, the University of Sindh
.
Hyderabad is a city built on three hillocks cascading over each other. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty
founded the city in 1768 over the ruins of Neroon Kot (Nerun or Nerun Kot) (meaning the place of Neroon), a small fishing village on the banks of River Indus named after its ruler Neroon. A formal concept of the city was laid out by his son, Sarfraz Khan in 1782. When the foundations were laid, the city obtained the nickname Heart of the Mehran
as the ruler Mian Ghulam Shah himself was said to have fallen in love with the city. In 1768 he ordered a fort to be built on one of the three hills of Hyderabad to house and defend his people. The fort was built using fire-baked bricks giving it the name Pacco Qillo
(Sindhi: پڪو قلعو) meaning the strong fort.
After the death of the last Kalhoro
, the Talpur dynasty
ruled the region. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur left his capital Khudabad
, the Land of God and made Hyderabad his capital in 1789. He made the Pacco Qillo his residence and also held his courts there. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur along with his three other brothers were responsible for the affairs that persisted in the city of Hyderabad in the years of their rule. The four were called char yar, Sindhi for the four friends.
The Baloch
Talpur
rule lasted almost over 50 years and in 1843, Talpurs faced a greater threat, the invasion of expanding British colonial empire. The British wanted to annex Sindh
due to their strategic interests in the Punjab region
and Afghanistan
. The Talpur Amir signed a peace agreement that gave significant concessions to the British. After signing this peace agreement Amir Talpur demobilized his volunteer army. The British General Napier
also started to march his army back towards Bombay. When the General Napier heard that the Talpur Amir had demobilised his Baloch
army he turned back his army and again threatened Hyderabad. The peace agreement with Talpur Amir was of no consequence compared to the strategic interests of the British colonial empire. The British
came face-to-face with the Talpurs at the Battle of Miani
on 17 February 1843. General Napier
was firmly determined in conquering Sindh
and plundering Hyderabad. The battle ended on 24 March 1843 when the Talpur Amirs lost and the city came into the hands of the British. The Amirs of Hyderabad suffered great loss, their Fort was plundered, thousands were killed and Amirs themselves were exiled to Rangoon, Burma - never to see Sindh
again. The British made the city part of the Bombay Presidency
of British colonial empire.
At the time of independence of Pakistan
in 1947, the Muhajir
s began to immigrate to Pakistan and many settled in the city of Hyderabad. These refugee Muslim lost everything in India and were settled in refugee camps. This hostility translated into communal tension in Hyderabad between Muslim refugees and local Hindus; After independence of Pakistan
, Hindus expected to remain in Sindh, however a large number of them left due to communal violence or due to better socio-economic prospects in India.
The massive migration of (Muhajirs
) who began mass migration into Pakistan
after independence of Pakistan
in 1947 raised the population levels of the city to extremes. The late 1980s saw a black period in the history of Hyderabad as riots and violence broke out between the Muhajirs, and the indigenous Sindhi nationalist parties due to which the social fabric of the city was damaged
Hyderabad has a hot desert climate (Köppen
BWh), with warm conditions year-round. The period from mid April to late June (before the onset of the monsoon
) is the hottest of the year, with highs peaking in May at
41.4 °C (106.5 °F). During this time, winds that blow usually bring along clouds of dust, and people prefer staying indoors in the daytime, while the breeze that flows at night is more pleasant. Winters are warm, with highs around 25 °C (77 °F), though lows can often drop below 10 °C (50 °F) at night. The highest temperature of 48.5 °C (119 °F) was recorded on 7 June 1991, while the lowest temperature of 3.3 °C (38 °F) was recorded on 21 January 1973.
In recent years Hyderabad has seen great downpours. In February 2003, Hyderabad received 105 millimetres (4.13 in) of rain in 12 hours, leaving many dead. The years of 2006 and 2007 saw close contenders to this record rain with death tolls estimated in the hundreds. The highest single-day rain total of 250.7 millimetres (9.87 in) was recorded on 12 September 1962, while the wettest month was September 1962, at 286 millimetres (11.26 in).
s in Pakistan. Hyderabad is a major commercial centre for the agricultural produce of the surrounding area, including millet, rice, wheat, cotton, and fruit. Pakistani government recently discovered a large gas deposit in Hyderabad which has not been put in production.
and has no website but the District Government of Hyderabad liberally uses the television as a mode of communication with the people of the city instructing them on public issues and awareness about projects under way. As of 2008, the district Hyderabad enabled its e-governance platform to support people via the Internet and other new media platforms.
. Then in the 2005-6 General Pervaiz Musharraf again divided it into four more districts Matiyari, Tando Allahyar, Tando Mohammad Khan and Hyderabad. Hyderabad district was subdivided into four talukas
An expo center of international standards is also built near channel road. However, no major exhibition has been held yet.
Two filter plants to filter fresh water
have been built at a cost of about Rs. 80,000,000. Their inclusion in the water system would ensure continuous supply of clean drinking water.
Hyderabad is noteworthy in Sindh and Pakistan generally for its relative tolerance towards religious and ethnic affairs. During independence of Pakistan in 1947 Muhajir
refugees began a migration in the city, while many Hindus emigrated to the newly independent state of India - primarily to Gujurat and Bombay. As per the census of Pakistan 1998, Sindhi Speakers account for a majority with 59.73% of the total population followed by Urdu Speakering Mohajir 21.05%. Other communities in the city include a large number of Silawat
s, Punjabis, Saraikis, Pashtuns, Balochis, Memoni etc
A large influx of Pakhtuns and Punjabis
were attracted to Hyderabad after the Indus treaty settlement. Most Punjabis
mixed with the local population however most Pakhtuns are distinct and separately living near the railway station and its vicinity. The city therefore has cosmopolitan atmosphere with multiethnic
and multicultural
communities.
Hindus account for the largest religious minority forming 10% of the total population of the city. While Christians account for just 1% of the total population, Hyderabad is the seat of a Diocese
of the Church of Pakistan
and has five churches and a cathedral.
who play at the Niaz Stadium
. It has a seating capacity
of 25,000 known for the first ever hat-trick taken by a bowler in a one-day international (ODI) match in 1982. Many cricket test matches were played at Niaz Stadium. Nowadays many visiting test playing countries refuse to play in Hyderabad because of lack of 5 star hotel. Hyderabad also has a hockey stadium. There is another stadium in Latifabad called Board Stadium mostly catering to school sports under the supervision of BISE (Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education) Hyderabad.
, the education opportunities were limited for Muslim
s of Hyderabad. Noor Mohammad High School was the only one high school for Muslim students could study. It was founded by famous Sindhi educationist Noor Mohammad. All other schools admitted only Hindu students.
As a gateway between the rural Sindh and the urban Sindh, Hyderabad attracts students from the lesser developed regions of Sindh. The city has a large number of schools, colleges and universities.
A former nerve center of Sindhi nationalist and literary movements, the city now has better education facilities and new universities, colleges and schools. At one time a hub of economic, educational and cultural activities, a breeding ground of academicians, philanthropists, writers, lawyers, politicians, journalists, actors and actresses
, Hyderabad also had its industrialists, trade union
ists, political activists, bureaucrats, bankers and diplomats who made a significant contribution to Pakistani society. But this gracious city now seems to be slowly dying, although it still produces over a couple of dozen major and minor newspapers in both Sindhi
and Urdu.
The University of Sindh
http://www.usindh.edu.pk is the dominant player in educational reforms since its inception in 1947. The University of Sindh,the second oldest university of the country, was constituted under the University of Sindh Act. No. XVII of 1947 passed by the Legislative Assembly of Sindh. It was founded in Karachi and relocated to Hyderabad in 1951, only because the city was re-enacted as the capital of the province of Sindh. It has 32 colleges affiliated with it. Main campus of the university is located outside Hyderabad city in Jamshoro town Jamshoro district alongwith other universities like the Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
and Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. Sindh Agriculture University
in Tando Jam
is still in Hyderabad district and focus primarily on agriculture and horticulture. Other universities in the private sector in Hyderabad city include University of East and Isra University
.
Most of the colleges are affiliated with the universities above but some enjoy repute built of time like the oldest being the Government Degree College now renamed Government College of Technology, Goverenment Poly-technical college.
Intermediate level colleges in Hyderabad city includes:
Muslim Science Collage in Tower Market area
Govt Nazareth College
Government Zubaida College
Government College Kari Mori
Foundation public school
Hyderabad Public School
Superior College of Science Hyderabad
Hyderabad is home to a few museums that store the cultural heritage
of this land of religious and ethnic diversity. The Institute of Sindhology Museum and the Sindh Museum
are a haven for Sindhi enthusiasts in ethnological contexts. Sindh Museum also hosts archæological treasures from Amri. Whilst there are a few libraries in the city, most of them are in a sad state. There is a children's library opposite Lady Duffrin Hospital on Station road, very few people know about its existence. Work is going on Moullana Hasrat Mohani library near pukka kila main gate in the homestead hall building. Allama Daudpota Library near Sindh Museum in Qasimabad stores literary work dating back to the earliest Sindhi text.
crossroad to the lesser developed cities and towns in Sindh and linking and networking them with the bigger towns and cities in the nation, Hyderabad holds importance as a vital transportation link via every service. It can be reached by every mean of transportation, be it air, land, water or rail.
The city has a modestly good airport. The operation was stopped for some years but the airport has started operating again from late 2008. There are 2 flights every week from Hyderabad. Currently the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines
, operates prop aircraft into the city with flights to other cities within Pakistan.PIA is established in 1954, is the national carrier; until the mid-1990s it was the sole domestic carrier, but since then a number of small regional airlines and charter services have been established. (PIA also runs international flights to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia, as well as to neighbouring Afghanistan.) The principal airports are located at Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Quetta, and Peshawar. Karachi, Port Qāsim, and Gwadar are the principal port cities; in addition, a number of small harbours along the Makran Coast handle the small boats that ply between Pakistan and the Persian Gulf states. In the early 1990s the limitations of the transportation system emerged as a major constraint on the modernization of the economy, prompting the government to undertake large-scale investments in the highway sector. Private entrepreneurs were invited to participate on the basis of a “build-operate-transfer” (BOT) approach, which subsequently became popular in other developing countries. (In the BOT system, private entrepreneurs build and operate infrastructure facilities such as ports, highways, and power plants and then recover their costs by charging tariffs from the users. Once the investors have recovered their outlay, the facility created is transferred to the government.
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Hyderabad has a decent road network, but most of the roads are being redone by the National Highway Authority. Hyderabad is deemed the most important milestone on the National Highway which passes through the city. The highway divides into Route N5 going southwest and M9 going north while it forks into the KLP (Karachi
, Lahore
, Peshawar
, Faislabad) Road and the Hala Road. Over the years, the M9 has had massive construction work to include six lanes across its 136 km span being the most used highway in Pakistan while the N5 has two lanes to cater to its lesser traffic needs. However, the public has stressed to improve the conditions of the roads within Hyderabad.
There are seven large bus terminals within the city. Some of the most busiest are the Badin Bus Stop near SITE, Tando Bago Coach Stop, Jacobabad-Larkana Bus Stop at Pathan Colony, Nawab Shah Bus Stand at Halla Nakka, Sanghar Coach Stop near Civil Hospital, Karachi Bus Stand near Qasim Chowk and Sammi Daewoo Bus Service To Karachi at Auto-Bhan Road and Latifabad U7.
Hyderabad has a rich rail history. From the starting days of the Scinde Railways to the purchase of the private railway company by the North-Western Railway now Pakistan Railways
, Hyderabad has been a major junction on the rail-line, where railway lines proceed in at least three directions: northwards (up-country), southwards (down-country) and eastwards. The railway station is called the Hyderabad Junction. It was built under the British rule in 1890. The city with increasing need of transport facility is still facing a real trouble with respect to the rail transport. One full fledged while two little stations in detha and tando jam are not satisfying the demands for rail travel.
With the city at the banks of the Indus River
, the fishermen tend to use riverboats to fish and travel across the waters. Riverboats are not accessible to general public but local fishermen, in attempts of making money for their daily ration, sail people aboard their fishing ferries at Al-manzar, a restaurant at the banks of the Indus.
Buses and trucks have displaced rail as the principal long-distance carrier. A program of deregulation of the road transport industry was undertaken in 1970 and encouraged the entry of a large number of independent operators into the sector. Trucks and tractor-drawn trailers have largely displaced the traditional bullock cart for local transport of produce to markets, but in many rural areas animal power is still crucial to economic survival. Air transport of cargo and passengers has become increasingly important.
All the main cities are connected by major highways, and Pakistan is connected to each of its neighbours, including China, by road. The great majority of roads are paved. The country’s main rail route runs more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) north from Karachi to Peshawar, via Lahore and Rawalpindi. Another main line branches northwestward from Sukkur to Quetta.
, Dr. Syed Mehboob, Ghulam Mustafa Khan
and Qabil Ajmeri
also hail from Hyderabad.Dr.Syed Mehboob famous writer, researcher, columnist and director research KCCI was also born in Hyderabad . He received early education from here and done graduation from Sindh University. Dr.Syed Mehboob is a multilingual writer who writes in English,Urdu, Hindko etc. He also helped Paktranslations to form Pakistan's first machine translation a unique project that intends to do this august job in different languages like Urdu, Sindhi, Punjabi, Hindko and Siraiki etc. Dr.Syed Mehboob's ervices were highly appreciated and lauded by literary circle.
Hyderabad has served many Sindhi literary campaigns throughout the history of Pakistan as is evident from the daily newspapers and periodicals that are published in the city. A few worth mention are the dailies Kawish
,
Ibrat
,
and Daily Sindh
.
A relief from the regular broadcasts in other cities, entertainment content on the Hyderabad radio gave birth to many a star whose names became an attribute to Hyderabad's richer media content. Among them were actor Shafi Mohammad, a young man who had recently finished his postgraduate degree from the University of Sindh
. Such fresh and young talent became a trademark to entertainment in Hyderabad.
Whilst radio was gaining popularity, bulky television screens showed the broadcast of Neil Armstrong
setting foot on the moon. Pakistan Television had only had half-a-decade broadcast success from 1963 to 1969 that people in the radio entertainment business felt destined to make a mark on the television circuits. Prominent radio personalities from the Hyderabad radio station like Shafi Muhammad Shah
and Mohammad Ali
left the airwaves to hone their acting skills on the television. Television shows and content enriched with the inclusion of Hyderabadi names however PTV never opened a television station
in Hyderabad.
While the year 2005 saw new FM regular stations set up at Gawadar, Mianwali
, Sargodha
, Kohat
, Bannu
and Mithi
, private radio channels began airing in and around Hyderabad. Of late, stations like Sachal FM 105 and some others have gained popularity. But the unavailability of an up-to-date news and current affairs platform renders the services of such stations of not much value to the masses but nonetheless appealing to youngsters.
As the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority
(abbreviated as PEMRA) gave licenses to private radio channels, so were television channels owned privately given a right to broadcast from the year 2002, and Daily Kawish
, a prominent Sindhi newspaper published from Hyderabad opened a one-of-its-kind private Sindhi channel Kawish Television Network
. Many followed in its path namely Sindh TV, Dhoom TV and Kashish TV premièring Sindhi content.
“ مرسون مرسون، سنڌ نه ڏيسون 'Marsoon Marsoon, Sindh na Ddaisun' (We'd die but wouldn't give Sindh [to others] ”
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
province of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
. It is the seventh largest city in the country. The city was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro
Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro
Nawab Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Shah Wardi Khan: ميان غلام شاه كلهوره المعرووف شاه وردي خان, was a ruler of the Kalhora Dynasty of Sindh whose rule began in 1762, when he was appointed ruler of Sindh by a royal decree, with the title of Shah Wardí Khan...
upon the ruins of a Mauryan fishing village along the bank of the Indus known as Neroon Kot (Sindhi
Sindhi language
Sindhi is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. In India, it is among 22 constitutionally recognized languages, where Sindhis are a sizeable minority. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division...
: نيرُون ڪوٽ). Formerly the capital of Sindh, it serves as the HQ of the district of Hyderabad
Hyderabad District (Pakistan)
Hyderābād District , is a district of Sindh, Pakistan. It used to be an administrative division of the Sindh namely the Hyderabad Division, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government. Its capital is the city of Hyderabad. The Kirthar National Park is located in Hyderabad...
. Before the creation of Pakistan, it was known as the Paris of India, for its roads used to be washed with river water.
The political boundaries stage the city as a district and the region has seen major political turmoil. From the battles fought against the British occupation to the civilian unrest in the 1980s, the city has lost its glory of past and much of its cultural and architectural heritage lies in tattered ruins.
Hyderabad is a hot and humid city in the south of the nation and has been a staging point for literary campaigns particularly oriented towards the Sindhi language
Sindhi language
Sindhi is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. In India, it is among 22 constitutionally recognized languages, where Sindhis are a sizeable minority. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division...
and a birthplace of a few influential poets and Sufi dervish
Dervish
A Dervish or Darvesh is someone treading a Sufi Muslim ascetic path or "Tariqah", known for their extreme poverty and austerity, similar to mendicant friars in Christianity or Hindu/Buddhist/Jain sadhus.-Etymology:The Persian word darvīsh is of ancient origin and descends from a Proto-Iranian...
es. Rich with culture and tradition, the city is the largest bangle
Bangle
Bangles or churi are traditional ornaments worn mostly by South Asian women in India and Bangladesh, especially Hindus. It is tradition that the bride will try to wear as many small glass bangles as possible at her wedding and the honeymoon will end when the last bangle breaks...
producer in the world and serves as a transit between the rural and the urban Sindh.
Stationed close to important architectural digs like the pre-Harappan Amri at 110 km, the region holds extreme importance to archaeologists
Archaeology
Archaeology, or archeology , is the study of human society, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes...
the world over. The city is also known for its medical and educational institutions. It is also home to one of the oldest universities in the region, the University of Sindh
University of Sindh
The University of Sindh informally known as Sindh University is the second oldest university in Pakistan accredited by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan....
.
History
Kalhora Dynasty
Kalhora Dynasty or Kalhoro Dynasty ; ruled Sindh and other parts of present day Pakistan. This dynasty was founded by Kalhora tribe that ruled Sindh from 1701 to 1783...
founded the city in 1768 over the ruins of Neroon Kot (Nerun or Nerun Kot) (meaning the place of Neroon), a small fishing village on the banks of River Indus named after its ruler Neroon. A formal concept of the city was laid out by his son, Sarfraz Khan in 1782. When the foundations were laid, the city obtained the nickname Heart of the Mehran
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
as the ruler Mian Ghulam Shah himself was said to have fallen in love with the city. In 1768 he ordered a fort to be built on one of the three hills of Hyderabad to house and defend his people. The fort was built using fire-baked bricks giving it the name Pacco Qillo
Pacco Qillo
Pacco Qillo Fort , formally known as Pacca Qilla, is an early modern fortification in Hyderabad, Pakistan.-See also:The Muhajirs were rather asked to stay temporarily at Pacco Qillo because at the time of partition and...
(Sindhi: پڪو قلعو) meaning the strong fort.
After the death of the last Kalhoro
Kalhora Dynasty
Kalhora Dynasty or Kalhoro Dynasty ; ruled Sindh and other parts of present day Pakistan. This dynasty was founded by Kalhora tribe that ruled Sindh from 1701 to 1783...
, the Talpur dynasty
Talpur dynasty
The Talpur dynasty was a dynasty of the Talpur tribe that conquered and ruled Sindh, and other parts of present-day Pakistan, from 1783 to 1843. The Talpur army defeated the Kalhora Dynasty in the Battle of Halani in 1783 to become rulers of Sindh. The Talpur dynasty was defeated by the British...
ruled the region. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur left his capital Khudabad
Khudabad
Khudabad is a city in Dadu District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is located at 26°39'0N 67°45'0E with an altitude of 31 metres and lies to the south of the district capital Dadu.-History:...
, the Land of God and made Hyderabad his capital in 1789. He made the Pacco Qillo his residence and also held his courts there. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur along with his three other brothers were responsible for the affairs that persisted in the city of Hyderabad in the years of their rule. The four were called char yar, Sindhi for the four friends.
The Baloch
Baloch people
The Baloch or Baluch are an ethnic group that belong to the larger Iranian peoples. Baluch people mainly inhabit the Balochistan region and Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast corner of the Iranian plateau in Western Asia....
Talpur
Talpur dynasty
The Talpur dynasty was a dynasty of the Talpur tribe that conquered and ruled Sindh, and other parts of present-day Pakistan, from 1783 to 1843. The Talpur army defeated the Kalhora Dynasty in the Battle of Halani in 1783 to become rulers of Sindh. The Talpur dynasty was defeated by the British...
rule lasted almost over 50 years and in 1843, Talpurs faced a greater threat, the invasion of expanding British colonial empire. The British wanted to annex Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
due to their strategic interests in the Punjab region
Punjab region
The Punjab , also spelled Panjab |water]]s"), is a geographical region straddling the border between Pakistan and India which includes Punjab province in Pakistan and the states of the Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and some northern parts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi...
and Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
. The Talpur Amir signed a peace agreement that gave significant concessions to the British. After signing this peace agreement Amir Talpur demobilized his volunteer army. The British General Napier
Charles James Napier
General Sir Charles James Napier, GCB , was a general of the British Empire and the British Army's Commander-in-Chief in India, notable for conquering the Sindh Province in what is now Pakistan.- His genealogy :...
also started to march his army back towards Bombay. When the General Napier heard that the Talpur Amir had demobilised his Baloch
Baloch people
The Baloch or Baluch are an ethnic group that belong to the larger Iranian peoples. Baluch people mainly inhabit the Balochistan region and Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast corner of the Iranian plateau in Western Asia....
army he turned back his army and again threatened Hyderabad. The peace agreement with Talpur Amir was of no consequence compared to the strategic interests of the British colonial empire. The British
British Raj
British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...
came face-to-face with the Talpurs at the Battle of Miani
Battle of Miani
The Battle of Miani was a battle between British forces under Sir Charles Napier and the Talpur Amirs of Sindh, Pakistan.-Background:...
on 17 February 1843. General Napier
Charles James Napier
General Sir Charles James Napier, GCB , was a general of the British Empire and the British Army's Commander-in-Chief in India, notable for conquering the Sindh Province in what is now Pakistan.- His genealogy :...
was firmly determined in conquering Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
and plundering Hyderabad. The battle ended on 24 March 1843 when the Talpur Amirs lost and the city came into the hands of the British. The Amirs of Hyderabad suffered great loss, their Fort was plundered, thousands were killed and Amirs themselves were exiled to Rangoon, Burma - never to see Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
again. The British made the city part of the Bombay Presidency
Bombay Presidency
The Bombay Presidency was a province of British India. It was established in the 17th century as a trading post for the English East India Company, but later grew to encompass much of western and central India, as well as parts of post-partition Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula.At its greatest...
of British colonial empire.
At the time of independence of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
in 1947, the Muhajir
Muhajir
Muhajir or Mohajir is an Arabic word meaning immigrant. The Islamic calendar Hejira starts when Muhammad and his companions left Mecca for Medina in what is known as Hijra. They were called Muhajirun...
s began to immigrate to Pakistan and many settled in the city of Hyderabad. These refugee Muslim lost everything in India and were settled in refugee camps. This hostility translated into communal tension in Hyderabad between Muslim refugees and local Hindus; After independence of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
, Hindus expected to remain in Sindh, however a large number of them left due to communal violence or due to better socio-economic prospects in India.
The massive migration of (Muhajirs
Muhajir people
Muhajir [literally – migrants] is a term commonly used especially by Pakistanis to describe the Muslim immigrants who chose to settle in Pakistan and shifted their domicile after partition of British India into Pakistan and India. Some had participated in the movement for creation of Pakistan in...
) who began mass migration into Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
after independence of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
in 1947 raised the population levels of the city to extremes. The late 1980s saw a black period in the history of Hyderabad as riots and violence broke out between the Muhajirs, and the indigenous Sindhi nationalist parties due to which the social fabric of the city was damaged
Geography and climate
Located at 25.367 °N latitude and 68.367 °E longitude with an elevation of 13 metres (42.7 ft), Hyderabad is located on the east bank of the Indus River and is roughly 150 kilometres (93.2 mi) away from Karachi, the provincial capital. Two of Pakistan's largest highways, the Indus Highway and the National Highway join at Hyderabad. Several towns surrounding the city include Kotri at 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi), Jamshoro at 8.1 kilometres (5 mi), Hattri at 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) and Husri at 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi).Hyderabad has a hot desert climate (Köppen
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...
BWh), with warm conditions year-round. The period from mid April to late June (before the onset of the monsoon
Monsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
) is the hottest of the year, with highs peaking in May at
41.4 °C (106.5 °F). During this time, winds that blow usually bring along clouds of dust, and people prefer staying indoors in the daytime, while the breeze that flows at night is more pleasant. Winters are warm, with highs around 25 °C (77 °F), though lows can often drop below 10 °C (50 °F) at night. The highest temperature of 48.5 °C (119 °F) was recorded on 7 June 1991, while the lowest temperature of 3.3 °C (38 °F) was recorded on 21 January 1973.
In recent years Hyderabad has seen great downpours. In February 2003, Hyderabad received 105 millimetres (4.13 in) of rain in 12 hours, leaving many dead. The years of 2006 and 2007 saw close contenders to this record rain with death tolls estimated in the hundreds. The highest single-day rain total of 250.7 millimetres (9.87 in) was recorded on 12 September 1962, while the wettest month was September 1962, at 286 millimetres (11.26 in).
Economy
Hyderabad is an important commercial centre where industries includes: textiles, sugar, cement, manufacturing of mirror, soap, ice, paper, pottery, plastics, tanneries, hosiery mills and film. There are hide tanneries and sawmills. Handicraft industries, including silver and gold work, lacquer ware, ornamented silks, and embroidered leather saddles, are also well established. Hyderabad produces almost all of the ornamental glass bangleBangle
Bangles or churi are traditional ornaments worn mostly by South Asian women in India and Bangladesh, especially Hindus. It is tradition that the bride will try to wear as many small glass bangles as possible at her wedding and the honeymoon will end when the last bangle breaks...
s in Pakistan. Hyderabad is a major commercial centre for the agricultural produce of the surrounding area, including millet, rice, wheat, cotton, and fruit. Pakistani government recently discovered a large gas deposit in Hyderabad which has not been put in production.
Government
The city of Hyderabad is where the district headquarters are located and the district government is seated. The district government elections are not held since the last governments term expired and the posts of District Nazim and Naib Nazim are vacant at the moment.Electronic Governance
The government of the city does not yet support fully functional e-governanceEGovernment
E-Government is digital interactions between a government and citizens , government and businesses/Commerce , government and employees , and also between government and governments /agencies...
and has no website but the District Government of Hyderabad liberally uses the television as a mode of communication with the people of the city instructing them on public issues and awareness about projects under way. As of 2008, the district Hyderabad enabled its e-governance platform to support people via the Internet and other new media platforms.
Administrative divisions
Before the government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the District Hyderabad included the present-day District of BadinBadin
Badin is the main city and capital of Badin District in Sindh, Pakistan. It lies east of the Indus River. The region is swampy, fertile for growing rice. Some oil fields are located near the town in the seasonally inundated Rann of Kutch region...
. Then in the 2005-6 General Pervaiz Musharraf again divided it into four more districts Matiyari, Tando Allahyar, Tando Mohammad Khan and Hyderabad. Hyderabad district was subdivided into four talukas
- Hyderabad City TalukaHyderabad City TalukaHyderabad City Taluka is an administrative subdivision of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Hyderabad district is subdivided into 4 talukas, the Urban area around the capital Hyderabad is part of Hyderabad City Taluka....
- Hyderabad Taluka (rural)Hyderabad Taluka (rural)Hyderabad Taluka is an administrative subdivision of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Hyderabad district is subdivided into 4 talukas, the Urban area around the capital Hyderabad is part of Hyderabad City Taluka....
- LatifabadLatifabadLatifabad is a town in the southern suburbs of the city of Hyderabad, in Sindh, Pakistan.- History :Latifabad is named after the noted Sindhi Sufi poet, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai...
- QasimabadQasimabadQasimabad may refer to:Iran* Qasimabad, alternate name of Tian, Iran, a village in Lorestan Province, IranPakistan* Qasimabad, Hyderabad, a town in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan* Qasimabad, Karachi, a neighbourhood in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan...
Current development projects
To ease traffic congestion six flyover bridges are built in the city. These include Latifabad unit # 7 flyover, Hala Naka flyover, Sakhi Abdul Wahab flyover near railway station, Hosh Mohammad Sheedi flyover at Latif Chowk, Shahbaz Qalandar flyover at Shahbaz chowk and Ghulam Shah Kalhoro flyover at Railway crossing on Hyderabad-Mirpurkhas Road.An expo center of international standards is also built near channel road. However, no major exhibition has been held yet.
Two filter plants to filter fresh water
Fresh Water
Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian artist at the time, it came in a gatefold sleeve...
have been built at a cost of about Rs. 80,000,000. Their inclusion in the water system would ensure continuous supply of clean drinking water.
Police
While 19 police stations along with three police stations with own web development team Like 1) Police station Cantonment(www.pscant.4t.com) .2)Police station GOR(www.psgor.4t.com). 3) Police station Makki shah(www.psmakkishah.4t.com)are valuable addition to district police Hyderabad. Two new police stations 1)PS Air Port 2)PS Bhudhani have been formed to combat crime.Demographics
Hyderabad is noteworthy in Sindh and Pakistan generally for its relative tolerance towards religious and ethnic affairs. During independence of Pakistan in 1947 Muhajir
Muhajir
Muhajir or Mohajir is an Arabic word meaning immigrant. The Islamic calendar Hejira starts when Muhammad and his companions left Mecca for Medina in what is known as Hijra. They were called Muhajirun...
refugees began a migration in the city, while many Hindus emigrated to the newly independent state of India - primarily to Gujurat and Bombay. As per the census of Pakistan 1998, Sindhi Speakers account for a majority with 59.73% of the total population followed by Urdu Speakering Mohajir 21.05%. Other communities in the city include a large number of Silawat
Silawat
The Silawat are a Muslim community found in the province of Sindh in Pakistan and state of Rajasthan in India. They are also known as Sangtarash and Gazdar, especially in Sindh. -History and origin:...
s, Punjabis, Saraikis, Pashtuns, Balochis, Memoni etc
A large influx of Pakhtuns and Punjabis
Punjabi people
The Punjabi people , ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ), also Panjabi people, are an Indo-Aryan group from South Asia. They are the second largest of the many ethnic groups in South Asia. They originate in the Punjab region, which has been been the location of some of the oldest civilizations in the world including, the...
were attracted to Hyderabad after the Indus treaty settlement. Most Punjabis
Punjabi people
The Punjabi people , ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ), also Panjabi people, are an Indo-Aryan group from South Asia. They are the second largest of the many ethnic groups in South Asia. They originate in the Punjab region, which has been been the location of some of the oldest civilizations in the world including, the...
mixed with the local population however most Pakhtuns are distinct and separately living near the railway station and its vicinity. The city therefore has cosmopolitan atmosphere with multiethnic
Multiethnic society
A multiethnic society is one with members belonging to more than one ethnic group, in contrast to societies which are ethnically homogenous. In practice, virtually all contemporary national societies are multiethnic...
and multicultural
Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is the appreciation, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultures, applied to the demographic make-up of a specific place, usually at the organizational level, e.g...
communities.
Hindus account for the largest religious minority forming 10% of the total population of the city. While Christians account for just 1% of the total population, Hyderabad is the seat of a Diocese
Diocese
A diocese is the district or see under the supervision of a bishop. It is divided into parishes.An archdiocese is more significant than a diocese. An archdiocese is presided over by an archbishop whose see may have or had importance due to size or historical significance...
of the Church of Pakistan
Church of Pakistan
The Church of Pakistan is a united church in Pakistan, which is part of the Anglican Communion and a member church of the World Methodist Council. It was established in 1970 with a union of Anglicans, Scottish Presbyterians , Methodists, and Lutherans. It is the only United Church in the South...
and has five churches and a cathedral.
Noteworthy attractions
- Amri (Pre-Harappa): an archaeological site dating back to 3600 BC36th century BC-Events:* Civilization in Sumer .* Beginning of the construction of the megalithic Ggantija temple complex in Malta.* Mnajdra solar temple complex, Malta* Colombia, first rupestrian art at Chiribiquete ....
, 110 kilometres (68.4 mi) from the city, is the remains of a pre-Harrapan fortified townDefensive wallA defensive wall is a fortification used to protect a city or settlement from potential aggressors. In ancient to modern times, they were used to enclose settlements...
. - Pacco QilloPacco QilloPacco Qillo Fort , formally known as Pacca Qilla, is an early modern fortification in Hyderabad, Pakistan.-See also:The Muhajirs were rather asked to stay temporarily at Pacco Qillo because at the time of partition and...
(the Hyderabad Fort) and the Kachha Qilla (lit. the weak fort): fortified residences that were built by the Talpur rulersTalpur dynastyThe Talpur dynasty was a dynasty of the Talpur tribe that conquered and ruled Sindh, and other parts of present-day Pakistan, from 1783 to 1843. The Talpur army defeated the Kalhora Dynasty in the Battle of Halani in 1783 to become rulers of Sindh. The Talpur dynasty was defeated by the British...
to keep out invaders during the 17th century. - The Tombs of Talpur MirsTombs of Talpur MirsThe tombs of Talpur Mirs are a collection of tombs of the ruling Talpur Mirs of Sindh and are located in the neighbourhood of Hirabad in the city of Hyderabad, Sindh. All tombs are enclosed in an area preserved by the city municipality to promote them as a tourist attraction...
: colloquially known as Cubbas in HirabadHirabadHirabad is a neighbourhood in the city of Hyderabad in Sindh, Pakistan that is older than the rest of the neighbourhoods in Hyderabad and lies in the eastern part of the city along with the Old City....
, tomb sites of the former rulersTalpurTalpur ; is a Baloch tribe settled in Sindh. Talpurs settled in northern Sindh, spoke Sindhi language very soon their descendants and allies formed a confederacy against the Kalhora dynasty. Later, however, they enjoyed good relations with the Kalhoras and were invited by them to help organize...
of Sindh who were defeated by the British in the famous battle of MianiBattle of MianiThe Battle of Miani was a battle between British forces under Sir Charles Napier and the Talpur Amirs of Sindh, Pakistan.-Background:...
. - Agham KotAgham KotAgham Kot or is located in Hyderabad District, Sindh, Pakistan.It is also known as Agham. The Lohánas. Agham, or Agham-kot, lies about thirty miles south-east from Hyderabad, and though now almost forgotten, it was formerly a place of some consequence. Its position is not very easily identified,...
: an archaeological site containing the reminence and tombs of an ancient empire. - Rani BaghRani Bagh, HyderabadThe Rani Bagh, previously Das Garden, is a botanical garden, zoological garden and recreation park located in Hyderabad City, Sindh, Pakistan. It was established as a botanical garden in 1861 by the then Agro-horticultural Society and later animals were moved in.Rani Bagh was spread over of land,...
: formerly a zoo named after Queen Victoria of EnglandEnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
(The zoo was founded by the British colonial local administration; Rani means "Queen" in Urdu), has been renovated and has become a very beautiful park with exotic animals such as lions, zebras, different species of birds as well as horses. - Hussainabad Park: a central park with a man-made lake, home to various bird life.
- Mustafa Park: a newly inaugrated park at Noorani Basti with life scale animal models.
- Ranikot FortRanikot FortRaniKot The Great Wall of Sindh also known as Deware Sindh in sindhi language is the world's largest fort with a circumference of about 26 km or 16 miles. Since 1993, it has been on the list of tentative UNESCO World Heritage Sites.- Location :...
: one of the largest forts in the world according to circumference. Located 90 km from the city. - Sindh MuseumSindh MuseumThe Sindh Museum is a museum located in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.The basic objective of establishing Museum was to collect, preserve, study, and exhibit the records of the cultural history of Sindh. The museum features the history and heritage of the Sindh and Indus Valley Civilization...
: a museum featuring the history and heritage of SindhSindhSindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
and the Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley CivilizationThe Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that was located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, consisting of what is now mainly modern-day Pakistan and northwest India...
. Items from various ruling periods of Sindh, including SamaSamaSama may refer to:* A verse from the Samaveda, one of the Vedas* Sama , a part of Harstad city in northern Norway* Sama, Asturias, a parish in the municipality of Langreo in northern Spain...
, SoomraSoomraSoomra is a village in Audru Parish, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia. It has a population of 47 .Soomra is bordered by the Nätsi-Võlla Nature Reserve on its northeastern side....
, KalhoraKalhoraThe Kalhora are of Sindhi origin they trace their origins to a Sindhi warrior named, Sultan Ahmad Kalhora who married a daughter of Raja Rai Dhorang Sahta, receiving much territories as dowry. Amir Fathullah Khan Kalhora, is the recognized ancestor of the dynasty. He conquered the bhangar...
and TalpurTalpurTalpur ; is a Baloch tribe settled in Sindh. Talpurs settled in northern Sindh, spoke Sindhi language very soon their descendants and allies formed a confederacy against the Kalhora dynasty. Later, however, they enjoyed good relations with the Kalhoras and were invited by them to help organize...
periods can be found at the museum. - Institute of SindhologyInstitute of SindhologyInstitute of Sindhology is one of the major resource on history of Sindh. It was the first research institution of its discipline that brought Sindhology to the forefront of international research. Sindhology is referred to as the knowledge about Sindh...
Museum: an exhibition of dioramas at the University of Sindh campus that display many aspects of the history of Sindh, its heritage, music and culture. Worth noticing are the ones that depict the lifestyles of the desert tribes of Thar and KohistanKohistanKohistan, also transliterated Kuhistan, Kuhiston, Quhistan , may refer to:in Afghanistan*Kohistan, Kapisa Province, Kapisa Province, a town and administrative center of Hesa Awal Kohistan District...
. - Resham Ghiti, Chhotki Ghiti and Shahi Bazaar: some of Hyderabad's oldest bazaars serving arts, crafts, embroidery and jewellery of Sindhi heritage.
- The mighty river Indus: the largest river in Pakistan and flows alongside the city of Hyderabad. Its banks touching Hyderabad are known to have some of the finest fishing spots in Pakistan.
- Navalrai Market Clock Tower: built in 1914 is a remnant of a pre-Partition fish and meat market in the heart of Hirabad.
- The Badshahi Bungalow: palace of prince Mir Hassan Ali Khan Talpur, the son of the last ruler of Hyderabad Mir Naseer Khan Talpur. This Palace is located in Tando of Talpur Mirs in LatifabadLatifabadLatifabad is a town in the southern suburbs of the city of Hyderabad, in Sindh, Pakistan.- History :Latifabad is named after the noted Sindhi Sufi poet, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai...
. - New Hyderabad City: an extension of the city of Hyderabad, best known for its famous 12 acres (48,562.3 m²) park, Lake View Park, which features a man made lake and beautiful gardens. The park has become a recreational spot for the local families, specially on national holidays.
Sport
Hyderabad is home to the Hyderabad HawksHyderabad Hawks
The Hyderabad Hawks are a Pakistan Super League team, based in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. The team was established in 2004 and its home ground is the Niaz Stadium. The team is one of several proposed franchises for the Pakistan Super League...
who play at the Niaz Stadium
Niaz Stadium
The Niaz Stadium is a cricket ground in Hyderabad, Pakistan. The ground holds 7000 and hosted its first test match in 1973.The first ever One day cricket hat-trick took place at this stadium...
. It has a seating capacity
Seating capacity
Seating capacity refers to the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, both in terms of the physical space available, and in terms of limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats...
of 25,000 known for the first ever hat-trick taken by a bowler in a one-day international (ODI) match in 1982. Many cricket test matches were played at Niaz Stadium. Nowadays many visiting test playing countries refuse to play in Hyderabad because of lack of 5 star hotel. Hyderabad also has a hockey stadium. There is another stadium in Latifabad called Board Stadium mostly catering to school sports under the supervision of BISE (Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education) Hyderabad.
Education
Before independence of PakistanPakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
, the education opportunities were limited for Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
s of Hyderabad. Noor Mohammad High School was the only one high school for Muslim students could study. It was founded by famous Sindhi educationist Noor Mohammad. All other schools admitted only Hindu students.
As a gateway between the rural Sindh and the urban Sindh, Hyderabad attracts students from the lesser developed regions of Sindh. The city has a large number of schools, colleges and universities.
A former nerve center of Sindhi nationalist and literary movements, the city now has better education facilities and new universities, colleges and schools. At one time a hub of economic, educational and cultural activities, a breeding ground of academicians, philanthropists, writers, lawyers, politicians, journalists, actors and actresses
Actor
An actor is a person who acts in a dramatic production and who works in film, television, theatre, or radio in that capacity...
, Hyderabad also had its industrialists, trade union
Trade union
A trade union, trades union or labor union is an organization of workers that have banded together to achieve common goals such as better working conditions. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labour contracts with...
ists, political activists, bureaucrats, bankers and diplomats who made a significant contribution to Pakistani society. But this gracious city now seems to be slowly dying, although it still produces over a couple of dozen major and minor newspapers in both Sindhi
Sindhi language
Sindhi is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. In India, it is among 22 constitutionally recognized languages, where Sindhis are a sizeable minority. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division...
and Urdu.
Universities and colleges
University of Sindh
The University of Sindh informally known as Sindh University is the second oldest university in Pakistan accredited by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan....
http://www.usindh.edu.pk is the dominant player in educational reforms since its inception in 1947. The University of Sindh,the second oldest university of the country, was constituted under the University of Sindh Act. No. XVII of 1947 passed by the Legislative Assembly of Sindh. It was founded in Karachi and relocated to Hyderabad in 1951, only because the city was re-enacted as the capital of the province of Sindh. It has 32 colleges affiliated with it. Main campus of the university is located outside Hyderabad city in Jamshoro town Jamshoro district alongwith other universities like the Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
The Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro informally shortened as Mehran University is the largest engineering degree-awarding institute in Pakistan. It is in the university town of Jamshoro in the Sindh province, along with the University of Sindh and Liaquat University of...
and Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. Sindh Agriculture University
Sindh Agriculture University
Sindh Agriculture University, is situated in Tando Jam town at 18 km from Hyderabad, on Hyderabad-Mirpurkhas road and is about 200 km from Karachi airport linked with super highway to Hyderabad...
in Tando Jam
Tando Jam
Tando Jam is a town and Union Council of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is located at 25°25'60N 68°31'60E and lies about 20 km away from Hyderabad city Pakistan, along Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas Road....
is still in Hyderabad district and focus primarily on agriculture and horticulture. Other universities in the private sector in Hyderabad city include University of East and Isra University
Isra University
Isra University is located at Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. It contains Faculties of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Dentistry and Allied Sciences, Engineering Science and Technology, Commerce Economics and Management Sciences and a School of Nursing...
.
Most of the colleges are affiliated with the universities above but some enjoy repute built of time like the oldest being the Government Degree College now renamed Government College of Technology, Goverenment Poly-technical college.
Intermediate level colleges in Hyderabad city includes:
Muslim Science Collage in Tower Market area
Govt Nazareth College
Government Zubaida College
Government College Kari Mori
Foundation public school
Hyderabad Public School
Superior College of Science Hyderabad
Museums and libraries
Cultural heritage
Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations...
of this land of religious and ethnic diversity. The Institute of Sindhology Museum and the Sindh Museum
Sindh Museum
The Sindh Museum is a museum located in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.The basic objective of establishing Museum was to collect, preserve, study, and exhibit the records of the cultural history of Sindh. The museum features the history and heritage of the Sindh and Indus Valley Civilization...
are a haven for Sindhi enthusiasts in ethnological contexts. Sindh Museum also hosts archæological treasures from Amri. Whilst there are a few libraries in the city, most of them are in a sad state. There is a children's library opposite Lady Duffrin Hospital on Station road, very few people know about its existence. Work is going on Moullana Hasrat Mohani library near pukka kila main gate in the homestead hall building. Allama Daudpota Library near Sindh Museum in Qasimabad stores literary work dating back to the earliest Sindhi text.
Transport
Serving as a socio-economicSocioeconomics
Socioeconomics or socio-economics or social economics is an umbrella term with different usages. 'Social economics' may refer broadly to the "use of economics in the study of society." More narrowly, contemporary practice considers behavioral interactions of individuals and groups through social...
crossroad to the lesser developed cities and towns in Sindh and linking and networking them with the bigger towns and cities in the nation, Hyderabad holds importance as a vital transportation link via every service. It can be reached by every mean of transportation, be it air, land, water or rail.
Pakistan International Airlines
Pakistan International Airlines Corporation commonly known as PIA, is the flag carrier airline of Pakistan. The airline has its head office on the grounds of Jinnah International Airport in Karachi. and operates scheduled services to 24 domestic destinations and 38 international destinations in 27...
, operates prop aircraft into the city with flights to other cities within Pakistan.PIA is established in 1954, is the national carrier; until the mid-1990s it was the sole domestic carrier, but since then a number of small regional airlines and charter services have been established. (PIA also runs international flights to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia, as well as to neighbouring Afghanistan.) The principal airports are located at Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Quetta, and Peshawar. Karachi, Port Qāsim, and Gwadar are the principal port cities; in addition, a number of small harbours along the Makran Coast handle the small boats that ply between Pakistan and the Persian Gulf states. In the early 1990s the limitations of the transportation system emerged as a major constraint on the modernization of the economy, prompting the government to undertake large-scale investments in the highway sector. Private entrepreneurs were invited to participate on the basis of a “build-operate-transfer” (BOT) approach, which subsequently became popular in other developing countries. (In the BOT system, private entrepreneurs build and operate infrastructure facilities such as ports, highways, and power plants and then recover their costs by charging tariffs from the users. Once the investors have recovered their outlay, the facility created is transferred to the government.
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...
, Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
, Peshawar
Peshawar
Peshawar is the capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and the administrative center and central economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan....
, Faislabad) Road and the Hala Road. Over the years, the M9 has had massive construction work to include six lanes across its 136 km span being the most used highway in Pakistan while the N5 has two lanes to cater to its lesser traffic needs. However, the public has stressed to improve the conditions of the roads within Hyderabad.
There are seven large bus terminals within the city. Some of the most busiest are the Badin Bus Stop near SITE, Tando Bago Coach Stop, Jacobabad-Larkana Bus Stop at Pathan Colony, Nawab Shah Bus Stand at Halla Nakka, Sanghar Coach Stop near Civil Hospital, Karachi Bus Stand near Qasim Chowk and Sammi Daewoo Bus Service To Karachi at Auto-Bhan Road and Latifabad U7.
Hyderabad has a rich rail history. From the starting days of the Scinde Railways to the purchase of the private railway company by the North-Western Railway now Pakistan Railways
Pakistan Railways
This article is about the rail company in Pakistan. For technical details and operations see: Transport in Pakistan.Pakistan Railways is a national state-owned rail transport service of Pakistan, head-quartered in Lahore. It is administered by the federal government under the Ministry of Railways....
, Hyderabad has been a major junction on the rail-line, where railway lines proceed in at least three directions: northwards (up-country), southwards (down-country) and eastwards. The railway station is called the Hyderabad Junction. It was built under the British rule in 1890. The city with increasing need of transport facility is still facing a real trouble with respect to the rail transport. One full fledged while two little stations in detha and tando jam are not satisfying the demands for rail travel.
With the city at the banks of the Indus River
Indus River
The Indus River is a major river which flows through Pakistan. It also has courses through China and India.Originating in the Tibetan plateau of western China in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar in Tibet Autonomous Region, the river runs a course through the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir and...
, the fishermen tend to use riverboats to fish and travel across the waters. Riverboats are not accessible to general public but local fishermen, in attempts of making money for their daily ration, sail people aboard their fishing ferries at Al-manzar, a restaurant at the banks of the Indus.
Buses and trucks have displaced rail as the principal long-distance carrier. A program of deregulation of the road transport industry was undertaken in 1970 and encouraged the entry of a large number of independent operators into the sector. Trucks and tractor-drawn trailers have largely displaced the traditional bullock cart for local transport of produce to markets, but in many rural areas animal power is still crucial to economic survival. Air transport of cargo and passengers has become increasingly important.
All the main cities are connected by major highways, and Pakistan is connected to each of its neighbours, including China, by road. The great majority of roads are paved. The country’s main rail route runs more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) north from Karachi to Peshawar, via Lahore and Rawalpindi. Another main line branches northwestward from Sukkur to Quetta.
Literature
As tradition goes, Sindh had always been a hub for Sufi poets. With a foothold on strong educational foundations, the city of Hyderabad was made into a refuge for thriving literary advocates. Of the few, Mirza Kalich Beg received education from the Government High School, Hyderabad and carried the banner of Sindhi literature across borders. Modern novelists, writers, columnists and researchers like Musharraf Ali FarooqiMusharraf Ali Farooqi
Musharraf Ali Farooqi is a Pakistani-Canadian writer, translator and journalist.-Biography:Farooqi received his early education in Hyderabad, at St...
, Dr. Syed Mehboob, Ghulam Mustafa Khan
Ghulam Mustafa Khan
Prof. Dr. Ghulam Mustafa Khan, PhD, D.Litt, SI, was a researcher, critic, linguist, author, scholar of Urdu literature and linguistics, educationist and religious and spiritual leader belonging to Naqshbandi order of Sufism...
and Qabil Ajmeri
Qabil Ajmeri
-Early life:Qabil Ajmeri was born on August 27, 1931, as Abdul Rahim in Churli, a town located 24 miles from Ajmer, Rajistan. His father was Abdul Kareem, and his mother was Gulab Bugem. He received his early education in Ajmer. Ajmeri was orphaned at age seven; his father died of tuberculosis, and...
also hail from Hyderabad.Dr.Syed Mehboob famous writer, researcher, columnist and director research KCCI was also born in Hyderabad . He received early education from here and done graduation from Sindh University. Dr.Syed Mehboob is a multilingual writer who writes in English,Urdu, Hindko etc. He also helped Paktranslations to form Pakistan's first machine translation a unique project that intends to do this august job in different languages like Urdu, Sindhi, Punjabi, Hindko and Siraiki etc. Dr.Syed Mehboob's ervices were highly appreciated and lauded by literary circle.
Hyderabad has served many Sindhi literary campaigns throughout the history of Pakistan as is evident from the daily newspapers and periodicals that are published in the city. A few worth mention are the dailies Kawish
Daily Kawish
Kawish is a Sindhi daily newspaper in Pakistan. Kawish is published from Hyderabad. It is a property of Kazi Brothers. Kawish is the largest circulated Sindhi newspaper in Sindh.The Daily Kawish is the largest circulated newspaper in Sindhi language...
,
Ibrat
Daily Ibrat
Ibrat is a Sindhi daily newspaper in Pakistan.The Daily Ibrat is duly and entirely certified by the Audit Bureau of Circulation, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan, to be the largest circulated amongst all the Sindhi & regional dailies being published since the last...
,
and Daily Sindh
Daily Sindh
Daily Sindh is a Sindhi language newspaper published in Hyderabad, a city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. This paper is thought to be the voice of rural Sindhi population, largely ignored in daily Pakistani state of the affairs. Daily Sindh has a wide readership across Sindh...
.
Radio and television
With the inauguration of a new broadcasting house at Karachi in 1950, it was possible to lay the foundations for the Hyderabad radio station in 1951. The initial broadcast was made capable using 1 kW medium-wave transmitter. With the first successful transmissions on the FM 100 bandwidth in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad in October 1998, the Government decided on opening transmissions to other cities where Radio Pakistan had found success. This made available the FM 101 bandwidth transmissions to Hyderabad and other cities in Sindh.A relief from the regular broadcasts in other cities, entertainment content on the Hyderabad radio gave birth to many a star whose names became an attribute to Hyderabad's richer media content. Among them were actor Shafi Mohammad, a young man who had recently finished his postgraduate degree from the University of Sindh
University of Sindh
The University of Sindh informally known as Sindh University is the second oldest university in Pakistan accredited by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan....
. Such fresh and young talent became a trademark to entertainment in Hyderabad.
Whilst radio was gaining popularity, bulky television screens showed the broadcast of Neil Armstrong
Neil Armstrong
Neil Alden Armstrong is an American former astronaut, test pilot, aerospace engineer, university professor, United States Naval Aviator, and the first person to set foot upon the Moon....
setting foot on the moon. Pakistan Television had only had half-a-decade broadcast success from 1963 to 1969 that people in the radio entertainment business felt destined to make a mark on the television circuits. Prominent radio personalities from the Hyderabad radio station like Shafi Muhammad Shah
Shafi Muhammad Shah
Shafi Muhammad Shah PP was a Pakistani film and television actor. Famously known Shahjee was born in Kandiaro, in Naushahro Feroze District, Sindh in 1949.-Family:...
and Mohammad Ali
Mohammad Ali (actor)
Mohammad Ali was a Pakistani actor. He was known as Shahenshah-e-Jazbaat , means The Emperor of Emotions. He had starred in over 250 movies playing roles as hero and villain. He was included among 25 greatest actors of Asia by CNN survey...
left the airwaves to hone their acting skills on the television. Television shows and content enriched with the inclusion of Hyderabadi names however PTV never opened a television station
Television station
A television station is a business, organisation or other such as an amateur television operator that transmits content over terrestrial television. A television transmission can be by analog television signals or, more recently, by digital television. Broadcast television systems standards are...
in Hyderabad.
While the year 2005 saw new FM regular stations set up at Gawadar, Mianwali
Mianwali
Mianwali is the capital city of Mianwali District and situated in the north-west of Punjab province, Pakistan. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Indus River...
, Sargodha
Sargodha
Sargodha is a city in the Sargodha District of Punjab province, Pakistan.Sargodha is located in the northwest of Pakistan. It is the eleventh largest city of Pakistan and also known as Pakistan's best citrus-producing area. It is an agricultural trade centre with various industries...
, Kohat
Kohat
Kohat is a medium sized town in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 33°35'13N 71°26'29E with an altitude of 489 metres and is the capital of Kohat District. The town centres around a British-era fort, various bazaars, and a military cantonment. A British-built narrow gauge...
, Bannu
Bannu
Bannu is the principal city of the Bannu District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. It is an important road junction and market city. Bannu is a very old city, founded in ancient times; however, the present location of the downtown Bannu was founded by Sir Herbert Edwardes in 1848,...
and Mithi
Mithi
Mithi is the capital of Tharparkar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The town is located at 24°20'0N 69°1'0E with an altitude of 2 metres , lying 300 kilometres from Karachi and is located in a beautiful desert area....
, private radio channels began airing in and around Hyderabad. Of late, stations like Sachal FM 105 and some others have gained popularity. But the unavailability of an up-to-date news and current affairs platform renders the services of such stations of not much value to the masses but nonetheless appealing to youngsters.
As the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority
Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority
The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority is a regulatory body established by Pakistan on 1 March 2002.- Functions of the Authority :...
(abbreviated as PEMRA) gave licenses to private radio channels, so were television channels owned privately given a right to broadcast from the year 2002, and Daily Kawish
Daily Kawish
Kawish is a Sindhi daily newspaper in Pakistan. Kawish is published from Hyderabad. It is a property of Kazi Brothers. Kawish is the largest circulated Sindhi newspaper in Sindh.The Daily Kawish is the largest circulated newspaper in Sindhi language...
, a prominent Sindhi newspaper published from Hyderabad opened a one-of-its-kind private Sindhi channel Kawish Television Network
Kawish Television Network
Kawish Television Network is the first private Sindhi TV channel of Pakistan. It is the most watched private Sindhi language channel based general entertainment television channel worldwide. The channel is part of the Kawish Television Network's bouquet of channels.-Early days:KTN was established...
. Many followed in its path namely Sindh TV, Dhoom TV and Kashish TV premièring Sindhi content.
Notable people
- Hoshu SheediHoshu SheediEmir Hosh Muhammad Sheedi, Hoshu Sheedi جنرل هوش محمد شيدي, جنرل ہوش محمّد شیدی, whose full name is Shaheed Hosh Mohammad Sheedi was the General of Talpur Mirs' Army which fought against British in the Battles of Miani and last Battle of Dubbo...
was the General of Talpur Mirs' Army which fought against British in the Battles of Miani and last Battle of Dubbo. Before his martyrdom in the Battle of Dubbo, he attempted to raise this famous slogan in Saraiki language
“ مرسون مرسون، سنڌ نه ڏيسون 'Marsoon Marsoon, Sindh na Ddaisun' (We'd die but wouldn't give Sindh [to others] ”
- Mirza Kalich BegMirza Kalich BegShams-ul-Ulema Mirza Kalich Beg is a renowned scholar hailed for his contributions to the Sindhi literature. He was born on October 7, 1853 in a small village named Tando Thoro that is at the banks of the Phuleli Canal in Hyderabad, Pakistan...
(1853–1929) a civil servant, educationist, renowned scholar and author of about 400 books, hailed for his contributions to the Sindhi literature. Born and buried in Tando Thoro, Hyderabad. - Allama Imdad Ali Imam Ali Kazi (1886–1968) was a scholar, philosopher, jurist, and educationist. He is considered to be a founder of the University of Sindh at its present location at Jamshoro. Many remarkable works for Sindhi Art, literature, mysticism, education and history are attributed to him.
- Dr.Nabi Bux Khan Baloch Ph.D, (1917–2011), was an educationist, liguist, researcher, author of books in multiple languages including Sindhi, Urdu, English and Persian.
- Muhammad Ibrahim JoyoMuhammad Ibrahim JoyoMuhammad Ibrahim Joyo son of Muhammad Khan was born on August 12, 1915, in village Abad near Laki, Kotri, Dadu, now in Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. He is a great scholar of the 21st century....
, born 1915, is an educationist, scholar, author and translator of many books. - Ghulam Mustafa KhanGhulam Mustafa KhanProf. Dr. Ghulam Mustafa Khan, PhD, D.Litt, SI, was a researcher, critic, linguist, author, scholar of Urdu literature and linguistics, educationist and religious and spiritual leader belonging to Naqshbandi order of Sufism...
, born 1912, Ph.D., D.Litt, SI, was a Researcher, Critic, Linguist, Author, Scholar of Urdu literature & linguistics, educationist, religious & spiritual leader of NaqshbandiNaqshbandiNaqshbandi is one of the major Sufi spiritual orders of Sufi Islam. It is considered to be a "Potent" order.The Naqshbandi order is over 1,300 years old, and is active today...
Mujadidiah order. - Munir Ahmed Khan PhD, Professor of comparative religions, Sindh University,Author, Critic, Linguist, Spiritual Leader of NaqshbandiNaqshbandiNaqshbandi is one of the major Sufi spiritual orders of Sufi Islam. It is considered to be a "Potent" order.The Naqshbandi order is over 1,300 years old, and is active today...
Mujadidiah order - Choudry Mohammad SadiqChoudry Mohammad SadiqChoudry Mohammad Sadiq . Graduated from Islamia College, Lahore and obtained his law degree in 1928. He was an eminent politician and remained a Muslim Leaguer before and after independence. He settled in Sindh in 1934. First bought land near Tando Ghulam Ali and then near Hyderabad and moved to...
(1900–1975) was born in Batala, District Gurdaspur, in an Arain family, Graduated from Islamia College, Lahore and obtained his law degree in 1928. He was an eminent politician and remained a Muslim Leaguer before and after independence. Settled in Sindh in 1934. Moved to Hyderabad in 1940. Founded Sindh Chamber of Agriculture in late 1960s. A housing development in Hyderabad (Sadiq Livina) is named after him. - Syed Qamar Zaman ShahSyed Qamar Zaman ShahSyed Qamar-ur-Zaman Shah, born 12 September 1933, did B.A. , 1957, L.L.B. 1959. He is the nephew and son-in-law of Late Syed Miran Mohammad Shah. He remained Senator during early 1970s...
was born 12 September 1933, did B.A. (Hons), 1957, L.L.B. 1959. He is the nephew and son-in-law of Late Syed Miran Mohammad Shah. He remained Senator during early 1970s. - Syed Miran Mohammad ShahSyed Miran Mohammad ShahSyed Miran Mohammad Shah was the second speaker of the Sindh Assembly in pre-partition India. He was a Sindh member in the Bombay Legislative Assembly before Sindh became a province in 1936. After the accession of Sindh to Pakistan in 1947, he became the first speaker of the Sindh Assembly. He...
was speaker of Sindh legislative Assembly, Minister Sindh Government, Ambassador of Pakistan in Spain.
See also
- Hyderabad Electric Supply CompanyHyderabad Electric Supply CompanyHyderabad Electric Supply Company or HESCO is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to all the districts of Sindh in Pakistan, excluding Karachi.-Formation of the company:...
- Sateen Jo AastanSateen Jo AastanSateen Jo Aastan is located on the left bank of the Indus River near Rohri, Sindh, Pakistan.- Description :Rohri, also known as Sateen Jo Aastan is the resting place for the Seven Female-friends. According to folklore these female friends resided here...
- Hyderabad Airport
- History of Hyderabad, Pakistan
- Battle of HyderabadBattle of HyderabadThe Battle of Hyderabad was fought in March 1843 between the British colonial empire and the Talpur Emirs of Sindh near Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. A small British force, led by Captain James Outram, who were attacked by the Balochis and forced to make a fort of the British residency, which they...
External links
- Official City District Government Website
- Official City Chamber Of Commerce Website
- Hyderabad Food Places
- Telegraph article
- Your Own Hyderabad City Website
- Hyderabad City Website
- Hyderabad City on The Internet.
- Hyderabad Phone Numbers
- Hyderabad History
- Hyder Chowk image
- Hyderabad's map-less journey to development
