Index of Kazakhstan-related articles

Below is the list of Kazakhstan related articles.

General

Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...

Outline of Kazakhstan

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a landlocked sovereign country located across both Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km² . It is bordered by Russia, Kyrgyzstan,...

Coat of arms of Kazakhstan

The emblem of Kazakhstan was adopted on June 4, 1992. The authors of the emblem are Jandarbek Melibekov and Shota Walikhanov. About 245 projects and 67 description designs of the future arms took part in the final competition.-Overview:...

Flag of Kazakhstan

The current flag of Kazakhstan or Kazakh flag was adopted on 4 June 1992, replacing the flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. The flag was designed by Shaken Niyazbekov.-Description:...

National anthem

Mountains

Altay MountainsGora Alagordy

Gora Alagordy

Gora Alagordy is a mountain in the Tarbagatay-Jungarskiy mountains of the Tien Shan range. It is located on the international border between Kazakhstan and China. Gora Alagordy has an elevation of above sea level....

Karatau Mountains

The Karatau Mountains are located in southern Kazakhstan just north of the Syrdaria River, and they display a unique geomorphology. The name Karatau means Black Mountain in the Kazakh language...

Khan Tengri

Khan Tengri is a mountain of the Tian Shan mountain range. It is located on the China—Kyrgyzstan—Kazakhstan border, east of lake Issyk Kul. Its geologic elevation is , but its glacial cap rises to...

Kok Tobe

Kok Tobe is a mountain on the south-eastern outskirts of Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city. It is also the name of the popular recreation area on the top of the mountain....

Mugodzhar Hills

Mugodzhar Hills is a series of mountain ranges in Northwestern Kazakhstan 275 miles long. Latitude : 48° 38' 38 N Longitude : 58° 32' 47 E...

Pik Talgar

Pik Talgar is a northern peak in the Tian Shan mountain range in Kazakhstan, named after Talgar river and city. It is the highest peak of the Trans-Ili Alatau. Due to its close proximity to the former capital of Kazakhstan, Almaty, it is a popular mountaineering destination.-External links:*...

Sauyr Zhotasy

Sauyr Zhotasy, also known as Muz Tau, is the highest point in the Saur Range, part of the Tien Shan, on the border between Kazakhstan and China. It lies southeast of Zaysan Lake. Despite its low elevation, it is well separated from higher ranges in its area, and is therefore ranked highly by...

Tarbagatai Mountains

Tarbagatai Mountains is a range of mountains located in the north-western parts of Xinjiang, China and East Kazakhstan....

Tian Shan

The Tian Shan , also spelled Tien Shan, is a large mountain system located in Central Asia. The highest peak in the Tian Shan is Victory Peak , ....

Ural Mountains

The Ural Mountains , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan. Their eastern side is usually considered the natural boundary between Europe and Asia...

Lakes

Aike

Lake Aike

Aike is a lake on the border between Kazakhstan and Russia. The lake has an area of about 25 sq mi . The village of Terensay is located on the coast of the lake....

Alakol

Lake Alakol

Alakol Lake is a lake located in the Almaty and Shyghyz provinces, east central Kazakhstan. Its elevation is 347 m above sea levelThe lake is the northwest extension of the region known as the Dzhungarian Gate , a narrow valley connects the southern uplands of Kazakhstan with arid northwest...

ArakBalkash

Lake Balkhash

Lake Balkhash is one of the largest lakes in Asia and 12th largest continental lake in the world. It is located in southeastern Kazakhstan, in Central Asia, and belongs to an endorheic basin shared by Kazakhstan and China, with a small part in Kyrgyzstan. The basin drains into the lake via seven...

BartogayCaspian

Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...

ChaganIssykJasybay

Lake Jasybay

Lake Jasybay is a lake in Kazakhstan. It is remarkably clean, as the Kazakh government has been committed to preserving the lake's watershed, limiting construction and even forbidding motorized vehicles on the water...

Kaindy

Kaindy Lake

Kaindy Lake is a 400 metre long lake in Kazakhstan that reaches depths near 30 metres in some areas. It is located 129 km ESE of the city of Almaty and is 2,000 metres above sea level. It was created by the result of an enormous limestone landslide, triggered by the 1911 Kebin earthquake...

Kamyslybas

Lake Kamyslybas

Lake Kamyslybas is a large saltwater lake in the Qyzylorda Province, Kazakhstan. It has an area of 176 km², although the water level in the lake often fluctuates. It lies in the northern part of Syr Darya's delta, to which it is connected by a canal. Lake Kamyslybas is used as a fishery....

MarkakolSasykkol

Lake Sasykkol

Sasykkol Lake is a lake in eastern part of Kazakhstan. It is located at around . It has an area of 600 km² , average depth of 3.3 m and maximum depth of 4.7 m. Fishery on the lake is common. The Mute Swan, Whooper Swan and Spoonbill can be found here.- References :*...

Tangiz

Lake Tengiz

Tengiz Lake is a saline lake in north-central part of Kazakhstan. Lake Tengiz is an important wetland site for birds. It ia a part of a Ramsar wetland site of international importance, "Tengiz-Korgalzhyn Lake System". 318 species of birds have been recorded at Lake Tengiz, 22 of which are endangered...

Zaysan

Lake Zaysan

Lake Zaysan is a freshwater lake, ca. 1,810 km² , in eastern Kazakhstan, in a hollow between the Altai and Tarbagatai Mountains. It is the largest lake in the East Kazakhstan Province....

Zhasylkol

Rivers

Ajaguz River

The Ajaguz is a river in Kazakhstan. It is 492 km long and has a basin area of 15 700 km ².The river flows into Lake Balkhash and is driven by snowmelt from the mountains. It is used for irrigation and flows through the city of Ajaguz....

Akan-Burluk River

The Akan-Burluk River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Arys River

The Arys is a river of southern Kazakhstan and a tributary of the Syr Darya. The length of the river is 378 km, covering a basin area of 14,900 km2....

Asa River

Asa River (Kazakhstan)

The Asa River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Aschiagar River

The Aschiagar is a river of Mangystau Province of Kazakhstan, and runs some 40 km to the east of the city of Aktau.The length of the river 150 km, with a basin area of about 15,000 km2. The source of the Aschiagara is located on the southern slopes of Karatau, north of the town of Kuryk...

Ayat River

The Ayat River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Badam River

The Badam River is a river of southern Kazakhstan. It is a tributary of the Arys River....

Bolshoy Uzen River

Bolshoy Uzen is a river in Saratov Oblast of Russia and West Kazakhstan Province of Kazakhstan. It is 650 km in length, with a drainage basin of 15 600 km²....

Borolday River

Boralday River

The Boralday River is a river of southern Kazakhstan. It is a tributary of the Arys River....

Bugun River

The Bugun River is a river of southern Kazakhstan. It flows for 164 km with a basin area of 4680 km². The river begins at the confluence of the rivers Ulken-Bugun and Bala Bugun, flowing from the south-western slopes of the Karatau Mountain ridge. The river is used for irrigation....

Bukhtarma River

The Bukhtarma River is a river of Kazakhstan. It flows through East Kazakhstan Province, and is a right tributary of the Irtysh. The length of the river is 336 km, with a basin area of 12,660 km ². The source of the river is located in the Southern Altai Mountains. The average water flow...

Byan River

The Byan River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Charyn River

The Charyn River is a river in the Almaty Province of Kazakhstan. It flows into the Ili River, which is considered to be the largest artery of Lake Balkhash. The Charyn River is 427 km long. It runs through the territory of Kegen and Uigur regions, forming up the Charyn Canyon.The Moinak Hydro...

Chu River

"Chui River" redirects here. For the South American Chuí or Chuy River, on the Brazil-Uruguay border and Brazil's southernmost point, see Chuí River. For the Nam Sam River or Chu River, on the Lao-Vietnam border, see Nam Sam River....

Emba River

The Emba River in west Kazakhstan rises in the Mugodzhar Hills and flows some 400 miles southwest into the Caspian Sea. It flows through the north of the Ust-Urt plateau, and reaches the Caspian by a series of shallow lagoons, which were navigable in the 18th century. The lower course traverses...

Ilek River

The Ilek River is a steppe river at the southern end of the Ural Mountains. It is a tributary of the Ural River and lies in the Orenburg Oblast in Russia and Republic of Kazakhstan. It rises just south of Orsk, flows south a short distance and then flows westward south of and parallel to the Ural...

Iman-Burluk River

The Iman-Burluk River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Irgiz River

Irgiz River (Kazakhstan)

Irgiz is a 593 km-long river in Aktobe and Kostanay provinces of Kazakhstan, right tributary of Turgai River....

Ili River

thumb|right|300px|Map of the Lake Balkhash drainage basin showing the Ili River and its tributariesThe Ili River is a river in northwestern China and southeastern Kazakhstan .It is long, of which is in Kazakhstan...

Irtysh River Ishim River

Ishim River

Ishim River is a river running through Kazakhstan and Russia. Its length is 2,450 km , average discharge is 56,3 m³/s . It is a left tributary of the Irtysh River. The Ishim River is partly navigable in its lower reaches. The upper course of the Ishim passes through Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan...

Kapal River

The Kapal River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Karatal River Kigach River

Kigach River

The Kigach River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Keles River

The Keles River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Koksu River

Koksu River is a river in Kazakhstan. It flows within the Almaty Province, in the historical Semirechye region, from the western slopes of the Dzungarian Alatau....

Koluton River

The Koluton River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Kurchum River

The Kurchum River is a river of Kazakhstan. It is located in the East Kazakhstan Province....

Lukina River

The Lukina River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Narym River

The Narym River is a river in the Eastern Kazakhstan, a tributary of the Irtysh River, originating at the junction of the ridges Narym and Sarymsakty of wetland formed by the mountain runoff streams...

Nura River

The Nura River or River Nura is a major watercourse of northeast-central Kazakhstan. It is about long and drains an area of .-Course:...

O River

The O River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Sarisu River

The Sarisu River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Sytasty River

The Sytasty River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Syr Darya

The Syr Darya , also transliterated Syrdarya or Sirdaryo, is a river in Central Asia, sometimes known as the Jaxartes or Yaxartes from its Ancient Greek name . The Greek name is derived from Old Persian, Yakhsha Arta , a reference to the color of the river's water...

Talas River

The Talas River rises in the Talas Province of Kyrgyzstan and flows west into Kazakhstan. It is formed from the confluence of the Karakol and Uch-Koshoy...

Tersakkan River

The Tersakkan River is a river of Kazakhstan. A left tributary of the Ishim River, it is 334 km long and has an area of 19,500 km². It flows through the western parts of Kazakhstan Uplands and the average annual flow is approximately 2.5 m³/ s, with a maximum up to 52.7 m³/s. The river...

Tobol River

Tobol is a river in Kurgan and Tyumen Oblasts in Russia and Kazakhstan, left tributary of the Irtysh. The length of the Tobol River is 1591 km. The area of its drainage basin is 426,000 km². Average discharge at mouth is 805 m³/s. The lower reaches of the river freeze up in late October -...

Torgai River Tuolba River

Tuolba River

Tuolba is a small river running through the town of Alexeyevka in Kazakhstan....

Turgai River

Turgai is a river that sits in the Turgai Valley in Kazakhstan.It is 825 km long, the surface is 157,000 km². Average water consumption is around 9 cubic meters/second...

Uba River

The Uba River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Ubagan River

The Ubagan River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Ural River

The Ural or Jayıq/Zhayyq , known as Yaik before 1775, is a river flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan. It arises in the southern Ural Mountains and ends at the Caspian Sea. Its total length is 1,511 mi making it the third longest river in Europe after the Volga and the Danube...

Ulba River

The Ulba River is a river of Kazakhstan....

Zhetysu

Islands

Barsa-Kelmes

Barsa-Kelmes was the largest island in the Aral Sea which encompasses the Barsa-Kelmes Nature Reserve. coordinates: 45°38'N 59°52'E. Its area was 133 km2 in the 1980s, but has diminished due to shallowing. Its altitude reaches up to 113 m...

Bolshiye Peshnyye Islands

The Bolshiye Peshnyye Islands is a group of two small islands in the Caspian Sea. It is located 7 km off the coast, 15 km SSE of Peshnoy....

Durneva Island

Durneva Island or Dūrnev Araldary is a coastal island on the shores of the Shyghanaghy Bay of the eastern Caspian Sea. It is located east of the Mangyshlak Peninsula and 41.6 km north of Turum....

Korzhin Island

Korzhin Island is a long and flat island in Lake Balkhash. It is located in the central portion of the lake....

Spirkin Oseredok Island

Spirkin Oseredok Island is a low and flat island in the Caspian Sea. It is located east of the mouths of the Volga.Spirkin Oseredok is separated from the Kazakh coast by a 700 m wide channel...

Tyuleniy Archipelago (Kazakhstan)

The Tyuleniy Archipelago or Tüledi Araldary is an island group in the northeastern Caspian Sea, located west of the Mangyshlak Peninsula and about 13 km NW of the Tupkaragan Peninsula, 27 km north of Bautino....

Vozrozhdeniya IslandZhanbay Island

Zhanbay Island

Zhanbay Aral, or Dzhambayskiy Island , is a low and flat island in the Caspian Sea. It is located east of the mouths of the Volga.Zhanbay Island is separated from the Kazakh coast by a 1.2 Km wide channel...

Other land features

Aral Karakum

Aralkum is the name given to the new desert that has appeared on the seabed once occupied by the Aral Sea. It lies to the south and east of what remains of the Aral Sea in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.-History:...

Caspian Depression

Caspian Depression or Pricaspian/Peri-Caspian Depression/Lowland is a low-lying flatland region encompassing the northern part of the Caspian Sea, the largest enclosed body of water on Earth. It is the larger northern part of the wider Aral-Caspian Depression around the Aral and Caspian seas.The...

Charyn Canyon

Charyn Canyon is an 80 km canyon in Kazakhstan on the Charyn River, 200 km east of Almaty, close to the Chinese border. It is part of the Charyn National Park, which is established 23 February 2004 and located within the territory of the Uyghur and Kegen Districts of the Almaty Province.It...

Kazakh Steppe

The Kazakh Steppe or Kirghiz Steppe ecoregion, of the Palearctic Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands Biome, is a vast region of open grassland in northern Kazakhstan and adjacent portions of Russia, extending to the east of the Pontic steppe and to the west of the Emin Valley steppe,...

Kyzyl Kum

The Kyzyl Kum , also called Qyzylqum, is the 11th largest desert in the world. Its name means Red Sand in Turkic languages. It is located in Central Asia in the doab between the rivers Amu Darya and Syr Darya, and is divided between Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan...

Paeonia anomala

Paeonia anomala has an immense range of wild habitat, stretching from the Ural Mountains of Russia to the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia, then to the Mongolian Gobi Desert and the Tien Shan Mountains of Kazakhstan....

Saryaka

History

Saka

The Saka were a Scythian tribe or group of tribes....

Huns

The Huns were a group of nomadic people who, appearing from east of the Volga River, migrated into Europe c. AD 370 and established the vast Hunnic Empire there. Since de Guignes linked them with the Xiongnu, who had been northern neighbours of China 300 years prior to the emergence of the Huns,...

Göktürks

The Göktürks or Kök Türks, were a nomadic confederation of peoples in medieval Inner Asia. Known in Chinese sources as 突厥 , the Göktürks under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan The Göktürks or Kök Türks, (Old Turkic: Türük or Kök Türük or Türük; Celestial Turks) were a nomadic confederation of...

Khazars

The Khazars were semi-nomadic Turkic people who established one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day European Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the northern Caucasus , parts of...

Turgesh

The Türgesh, Turgish or Türgish were a Turkic tribal confederation who emerged from the ruins of the Western Turkic Kaganate...

Karluks Oghuz Yabgu

Oghuz Yabgu State

Oguz Yabgu State , was a Turkic state, founded by Oguz Turks in 766 CE, located geographically in an area between the east coasts of Hazar Sea and Aral Sea...

Karakhanids

Kara-Khanid Khanate

The Kara-Khanid Khanate was a confederation of Turkic tribes ruled by a dynasty known in literature as the Karakhanids or Ilek Khanids, . Both dynastic names represent titles with Kara Kağan being the most important Turkish title up till the end of the dynasty.The Khanate ruled Transoxania in...

Oirats

Oirats are the westernmost group of the Mongols who unified several tribes origin whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of western Mongolia. Although the Oirats originated in the eastern parts of Central Asia, the most prominent group today is located in the Republic of Kalmykia, a federal...

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries...

Golden Horde

The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...

Nogai Horde

The Nogai Horde was a confederation of about eighteen Turkic and Mongol tribes that occupied the Pontic-Caspian steppe from about 1500 until they were pushed west by the Kalmyks and south by the Russians in the 17th century. The Mongol tribe called the Manghits constituted a core of the Horde...

White Horde Kazakh Khanate

Kazakh Khanate

Kazakh Khanate was a Kazakh state that existed in 1456-1847, located roughly on the territory of present-day Republic of Kazakhstan.-History:...

List of Kazakh khans Jüz

Jüz

A jüz is one of the three main territorial divisions in the Kypchak Plain area that covers much of the contemporary Kazakhstan. Variably, a jüz is believed to be a confederation or alliance of Kazakh nomads...

Russian Turkestan

Russian Turkestan was the western part of Turkestan within the Russian Empire , comprising the oasis region to the south of the Kazakh steppes, but not the protectorates of the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva.-History:-Establishment:Although Russia had been pushing south into the...

Alash Autonomy

Alash Autonomy was a state that existed between December 13, 1917 and August 26, 1920, located roughly on the territory of present day Republic of Kazakhstan. The capital city was Semey ....

Kazakh ASSR Kazakh SSR

Politics government and law

Constitution

Constitution of Kazakhstan

The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the highest law of Kazakhstan, as stated in Article 4. The Constitution was approved by referendum on 30 August 1995.-Preamble:...

Elections

Elections in Kazakhstan

Elections in Kazakhstan are held on a national level to elect a President and the Parliament, which is divided into two bodies, the Majilis and the Senate . Local elections for maslikhats are held every five years...

Foreign Relations

Foreign relations of Kazakhstan

Foreign relations of Kazakhstan are primarily based on economic and political security. The Nazarbayev administration has tried to balance relations with Russia and the United States by sending petroleum and natural gas to its northern neighbor at artificially low prices while assisting the U.S. in...

Government

Government of Kazakhstan

The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan oversees a presidential republic. The President of Kazakhstan, currently Nursultan Nazarbayev, is head of state and nominates the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government...

Human rights

Human rights in Kazakhstan

The human rights situation in Kazakhstan has been an area of concern for many outside governmental and non-governmental observers. Observer group Freedom House ranks this former Soviet state with a 6 in Political Rights and a 5 in Civil Liberties , denoting it as "Not Free."The website of the US...

Law enforcement in Kazakhstan

Law enforcement in Kazakhstan is handled by the Kazakhstan police and law courts, largely unchanged from the era of Soviet control, and is shared between the country's National Security Committee, Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Office of the Procurator General.-Organisation:The police force...

List of diplomatic missions in Kazakhstan Political Parties Parliament

Parliament of Kazakhstan

The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the bicameral legislature of Kazakhstan, according to the 1995 Constitution of Kazakhstan. The lower house is the Majilis, with 77 seats, elected to four year terms, 67 in single seat constituencies and 10 by proportional representation...

Senate

Senate of Kazakhstan

The Senate of Kazakhastan is the upper house of two chambers in Kazakhstan's legislature, known as the Parliament . The Senate has 47 members, 40 of whom are elected for six-year terms in double-seat constituencies by the local assemblies, half renewed every two years; and 7 presidential...

Military of Kazakhstan

The Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan , is the name of the unified armed forces of Kazakhstan...

LGBT rights in Kazakhstan

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons in Kazakhstan may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity is legal in Kazakhstan, but same-sex couples and households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal...

Taxation in Kazakhstan

The main legal act establishing and regulating taxation in Kazakhstan is the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Taxes and Other Obligatory Payments to the Budget...

Politicians

Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...

Daniyal Akhmetov

Daniyal Kenzhetayuly Akhmetov has served as the Minister of Defense and Gm/fr/neeneral of the Army of Kazakhstan since Prime Minister Karim Massimov appointed him on 10 January 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister from 13 June 2003 to 9 January 2007...

Nurlan Balgimbayev

Nurlan Utebovich Balgimbayev served as the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 10 October 1997 to 1 October 1999...

Akezhan Kazhegeldin

Akezhan Kazhegeldinov served as the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan until he resigned in October 1997, ostensibly for health reasons, though many saw it as an act protesting authoritarianism in Kazakhstan. He now heads the Republic People's Party of Kazakhstan, but lives in the West in exile...

Karim Massimov

Karim Qajymqanuly Massimov has served as Prime Minister in the Government of Kazakhstan since 10 January 2007.Massimov is fluent in Kazakh, Russian, Chinese, English, and Arabic. He studied in China and worked in Hong Kong where he headed Kazakhstan's trading operations. At the same time, he is...

Imangali Tasmagambetov

Imangali Nurgaliuly Tasmagambetov is the current mayor of Astana, Kazakhstan. From December 2004-April 2008 he served as the mayor of Almaty...

Kassym-Jomart Tokayev

Demographics

Demographics of Kazakhstan

The Demographics of Kazakhstan enumerate the demographic features of the population of Kazakhstan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population...

Kazakhs

The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....

Russians

Russians in Kazakhstan

There has been a substantial population of Russians in Kazakhstan since the 19th century. Although their numbers have been reduced since the breakup of the Soviet Union, they remain prominent in Kazakh society today.-Early colonization:...

Ukrainians

Ukrainians in Kazakhstan

Ukrainians are an ethnic minority in Kazakhstan that according to the 1989 census numbered 896,000 people, or 5.4% of the population. Due to subsequent emigration to Russia and Ukraine, this number had declined to 796,000 by 1998 and 456,997 in the 2009 census...

Germans

Germans of Kazakhstan

The Germans of Kazakhstan are a minority in Kazakhstan, and make up a small percentage of the population. Today they live mostly in the northeastern part of the country between the cities of Astana and Oskemen, the majority being urban dwellers...

Uyghurs

Uyghurs in Kazakhstan

Uyghurs in Kazakhstan form the country's 7th-largest ethnic group, according to the 1999 census.-Migration history:There is a centuries-old history of population movements between the territories which are today controlled by the neighbouring Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China...

Koreans

Koryo-saram

Koryo-saram is the name which ethnic Koreans in the post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves. Approximately 500,000 ethnic Koreans reside in the former Soviet Union, primarily in the now-independent states of Central Asia. There are also large Korean communities in southern Russia , the...

Poles

Poles in Kazakhstan

Poles in Kazakhstan form one portion of the Polish diaspora in the former Soviet Union. Slightly less than half of Kazakhstan's Poles live in the Karaganda region, with another 2,500 in Astana, 1,200 in Almaty, and the rest scattered throughout rural regions....

Armenians

Armenians in Kazakhstan

Armenians in Kazakhstan are ethnic Armenians living in the Republic of Kazakhstan. There are an estimated 25,000 Armenians living within the country today.-History:...

Greeks

Greeks in Kazakhstan

The Greeks of Kazakhstan are mainly the descendants of Pontic Greek who were deported there by Stalin, from southern Russia and the Caucasus region in 1949....

Jews

Jews in Kazakhstan

Kazakh Jews have a long history. There are approximately 12,000 to 30,000 Jews in Kazakhstan, less than 0.2% of the population.Most Kazakh Jews are Ashkenazi and speak Russian.-Jewish history in Kazakhstan:...

Turks

Turks in Kazakhstan

-Ottoman migration:The First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union in 1926 recorded 8,570 Ottoman Turks living in the Soviet Union. The Ottoman Turks are no longer listed separately in the census, it is presumed that those who were living in Kazakhstan have either been assimilated into Kazakh...

Dungan Chinese

Chinese people in Kazakhstan

The number of Chinese people in Kazakhstan is not very clear. There have been various migrations of ethnic minorities from China to Kazakhstan in the 19th and early 20th centuries, such as that of the Dungan people fleeing Qing Dynasty forces after a failed 1862–1877 rebellion in northwest China,...

Religion

Christianity in Kazakhstan

Christianity in Kazakhstan is the second most practiced religion after Islam. About one-third of the population of Kazakhstan identifies as Christian. The majority of Christian citizens are Russians, including Ukrainians and Belarusians, who belong to the Russian Orthodox Church...

Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan

The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the various religious communities worship largely without government interference. Local officials attempt on occasion to limit the practice of religion by some nontraditional groups; however, higher-level officials or courts occasionally...

Hinduism in Kazakhstan

Hindus in Kazakhstan are mainly of the ISKCON sect and by expatriate Hindus from India.The Indian community in Central Asia, which comprises Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, numbers only 2732 out of a total population of 55.5 million...

Islam in Kazakhstan

Islam is the largest religion practiced in Kazakhstan, as 70% of the country's population is Muslim according to a 2009 national census. Ethnic Kazakhs are predominantly Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi school. From its Geography, Kazakhstan is the northernmost Muslim-majority country in the world...

Jews in Kazakhstan

Administrative divisions

Aktau

Aktau , formerly known as Shevchenko , is a city in Kazakhstan's Mangyshlak Peninsula and country's only seaport on the Caspian Sea. It is the capital of Mangystau Province in western Kazakhstan...

Aktobe

Aktobe , formerly known as Aktyubinsk , is a city on the Ilek River in Kazakhstan. With a population of 277,700, it is the capital of Aktobe Province. Aktobe has a mixed ethnic community, including Kazakhs, Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Uyghurs, Chechens, Armenians, Jews and Greeks...

Almaty

Almaty , also known by its former names Verny and Alma-Ata , is the former capital of Kazakhstan and the nation's largest city, with a population of 1,348,500...

Arkalyk

Arkalyk is a city in Kostanay Province, northern Kazakhstan. Earlier, it was the centre of Torgay province, which was abolished in 1997. Today, it is the administrative centre of Torgay region, Kostanay province....

Astana

Astana , formerly known as Akmola , Tselinograd and Akmolinsk , is the capital and second largest city of Kazakhstan, with an officially estimated population of 708,794 as of 1 August 2010...

Atyrau

Atyrau , known as Guryev until 1991, is a city in Kazakhstan, and the capital of Atyrau Province. It is located at the mouth of the Ural River, 2700 kilometers west of Almaty and 350 kilometers east of the Russian city of Astrakhan. Other transliterations include Aterau, Atirau, Atyraw, Atyraou,...

Baikonur

Baikonur , formerly known as Leninsk, is a city in Kyzylorda Province of Kazakhstan, rented and administered by the Russian Federation. It was constructed to service the Baikonur Cosmodrome and was officially renamed Baikonur by Russian president Boris Yeltsin on December 20, 1995.The shape of the...

Balqash

Balkhash is a city of 66,724 inhabitants at Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan.Balkhash was founded in 1937 as an industrial city centred around the mining and smelting of copper, and presently copper is still exploited there...

Ekibastuz

Ekibastuz is a town in Pavlodar Province, northeastern Kazakhstan. it had a population of 141,000. It is served by Ekibastuz Airport.-History:...

Karagandy Kentau

Kentau

Kentau , is a town in South Kazakhstan Province of Kazakhstan. It is located at the foot of the Karatau mountains 30 km northeast of the city of Turkestan . Kentau was formed in August 1955...

Kokshetau

Kokshetau , formerly known as Kokchetav is the administrative center of Akmola Province, northern Kazakhstan. It has a population of 125,225 .-Geography:Astana, the new capital of Kazakhstan, is distant 1245 km south-eastwards...

Kostanay

Kostanay , formerly known as Kustanay and Nikolayevsk , is a city located in the northern part of Kazakhstan at the Tobol River. The population living in Kostanay is 301,317 people. Kostanay is the capital of Kostanay Province.-Public institutions:In Kostanay there are 8 higher educational...

Kyzylorda Oral

Oral, Kazakhstan

Oral , Uralsk in Russian, formerly known as Yaitsk , is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence of the Ural and Chogan Rivers close to the Russian border. As it is located on the western side of the Ural river, it is considered geographically in Europe. It has a population of 350,000...

Oskemen

Oskemen and Ust-Kamennaya , is the capital of the East Kazakhstan Province. It is served by the Ust-Kamenogorsk Airport.-History:...

Pavlodar

Pavlodar is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan and the capital of Pavlodar Province. It is located 350 km northeast of the national capital Astana, and 400 km southeast of the Russian city of Omsk along the Irtysh River. , the city has a population of 331710...

Petropavl

Petropavl is a city on the Ishim River in North Kazakhstan Province of Kazakhstan close to the border with Russia, about 261 km west of Omsk along the Trans-Siberian Railway. It is capital of the North Kazakhstan Province...

Ridder Saran

Saran, Kazakhstan

Saran is a city in Karagandy Province of Kazakhstan, on the Nura River. It has around 43,000 inhabitants.The city was founded on December 20, 1954.-External links:* * *...

SatpayevSemey

Semey

Semey , formerly known as Semipalatinsk and Alash-kala , is a city in Kazakhstan, in the northeastern province of East Kazakhstan, near the border with Siberia, around north of Almaty, and southeast of the Russian city of Omsk, along the Irtysh River.-History:The first settlement was in 1718,...

Shymkent

Shymkent , formerly known as Chimkent , is the capital city of South Kazakhstan Province, the most populated region in Kazakhstan. It is the third most populous city in Kazakhstan behind Almaty and Astana with a population of 629,600 . A major railroad junction on the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, the...

Stepnogorsk

Stepnogorsk is a town in Akmola Province, Kazakhstan. It was established in 1959, and has been a town since 1964. It is located about 200km North-East of Astana. It was first established as a secret town with code names Tselinograd-25 , Makinsk-2 . The town is known as a nuclear and biochemical site...

Taldykorgan

Taldykorgan , formerly known as Taldy-Kurgan , is the administrative center of Almaty Province, Kazakhstan. It has a population of 118,400 . Most of the people are Kazakhs.-Education:...

Taraz

Taraz , is a city and a center of the Jambyl Province in Kazakhstan. It is located in the south of Kazakhstan, near the border with Kyrgyzstan, on the Talas River...

Temirtau

Temirtau is a city in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan. Pop 180,000.-History:*1905, June, 15 - the first groups of settlers settled down on the left bank of the Nura River. There were 40 families, that had arrived from Samara...

Turkistan Zhanaozen

Zhanaözen

Janaozen or Zhanaozen , formerly known as Novy Uzen , is a town in the Mangystau Province of Kazakhstan located south-east of Aqtau city. The name of the town means "new river" in Kazakh. The population is 51,100 . The absolute location of Janaozen is latitude.- External links :*...

Zhezkazgan

Economy

Agriculture

Agriculture in Kazakhstan

Agriculture in Kazakhstan remains a small scale sector of Kazakhstan's economy. Agriculture's contribution to the GDP is under 10% - it was recorded as 6.7%, and as occupying only 20% of labor. At the same time, more than 70% of its land is occupied in crops and animal husbandry...

Communications

Communications in Kazakhstan

This article provides an overview of the communications infrastructure of the country of Kazakhstan.The information was taken from CIA World FactBook :Telephones - main lines in use:5.928 million Telephones - mobile cellular:...

Energy policy

Energy policy of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan owns large reserves of energy resources, and therefore the energy policy of Kazakhstan has influence over the world's overall energy supply. Although Kazakhstan has not described itself as an energy superpower, Kazakhstan's president Nursultan Nazarbayev has claimed Kazakhstan will...

Kazakhstani tenge

The tenge is the currency of Kazakhstan. It is divided into 100 tïın . It was introduced on 15th of November 1993 to replace the Soviet ruble at a rate of 1 tenge = 500 rubles...

Kazakhstan Stock Exchange

The Kazakhstan Stock Exchange is the principal stock exchange in Kazakhstan. It is located in Almaty and was founded in 1993 as the Kazakh Interbank Currency Exchange...

Mining in Kazakhstan Transport

Transport in Kazakhstan

For transport in the Soviet Union, see Transport in the Soviet Union.- Railways :total:15,300 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial linesbroad gauge:15,300 km of gauge...

National Bank of Kazakhstan

-History:The National Bank was formed on April 13, 1993 with the reorganisation of the of the Soviet era Kazakh Republican bank to become the central bank of Kazakhstan.-External links:...

Culture

Education

Education in Kazakhstan

Following independence from the Soviet Union a major economic depression cut "public financing" for education in Kazakhstan, "which dropped from 6% of gross domestic product in 1991 to about 3% in 1994, before rising to 4% in 1999." Elementary- and secondary-school teachers remain badly underpaid;...

Alphabet

Kazakh alphabet

The Kazakh alphabets are the alphabets used to write the Kazakh language. The Kazakh language uses the following alphabets:* The Cyrillic script is officially used in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Bayan-Ölgiy Province in Mongolia...

Cuisine

Kazakh cuisine

Kazakh cuisine is the cuisine of Kazakhstan. Traditional Kazakh cuisine revolves around mutton and horse meat and as well as various milk products. For hundreds of years Kazakhs were herders who raised fat-tailed sheep, Bactrian camels, and horses, relying on these animals for transportation,...

Language

Kazakh language

Kazakh is a Turkic language which belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages, closely related to Nogai and Karakalpak....

Wedding

Kazakh wedding ceremony

The religious part of the Kazakh wedding ceremony is called Neke Qiyu . The wedding process may take many weeks and even months to complete. This is because a Kazakh marriage, like marriages in most Muslim societies, involves a contract between families which requires negotiation...

Kaznet

The Internet in Kazakhstan is growing rapidly. Between 2001 and 2005, the number of Internet users increased from 200,000 to 1 million. By 2007, Kazakhstan reported Internet penetration levels of 8.5 percent, rising to 12.4 percent in 2008...

Languages of Kazakhstan Famous Kazakhs List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi Media

Media of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstani Media are relatively free by Central Asian standards. However, despite press freedom being enshrined in Kazakhstan's constitution, monitors report that privately owned and opposition media are routinely harassed and censored. In 2004 the International Federation of Journalists...

Music

Music of Kazakhstan

The modern state of Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was named after Kurmangazy Sagyrbayuly, a famous composer and...

Sport Tamgaly

Tamgaly

Tamgaly is a petroglyph site in the Semirechye, Kazakhstan.Tamgaly is located 120 km to northwest of Almaty. The majority of the 5000 petroglyphs are in the main canyon, but there are a number in the many side canyons...

Yurt

A yurt is a portable, bent wood-framed dwelling structure traditionally used by Turkic nomads in the steppes of Central Asia. The structure comprises a crown or compression wheel usually steam bent, supported by roof ribs which are bent down at the end where they meet the lattice wall...

Sports

Alatau Sports Palace

Kazakhstan Sport Palace is an indoor sporting arena located in Astana, Kazakhstan. It is used to host various indoor events and serves as the home of Barys Astana of the Kontinental Hockey League. The arena seats 5,500 spectators.-External links:*...

Football Federation of Kazakhstan

The Football Federation of Kazakhstan is the governing body of football in Kazakhstan. It organizes the football league, the Kazakhstan Premier League, and the Kazakhstan national football team...

Kazakhstan at the 2006 Winter Paralympics

Kazakhstan participated in the ninth Winter Paralympics in Turin, Italy.Kazakhstan entered two athletes in the following sports:*Nordic skiing: 2 male-Medalists:-External links:**...

Kazakhstan at the Olympics

Kazakhstan first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994, and has sent athletes to compete in every Games since then...

Kazakhstan Davis Cup team

The Kazakhstan Davis Cup team represents Kazakhstan in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Kazakhstan Tennis Federation. , Kazakhstan compete in the World Group for the first time after they won against Switzerland in the 2010 World Group Play-offs...

Kazakhstan Fed Cup team

The Kazakhstan Fed Cup team represents Kazakhstan in Fed Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Kazakhstan Tennis Federation. They currently compete in the Asia/Oceania Zone of Group I.-History:...

Kazakhstan national basketball team

The Kazakhstan national basketball team represents Kazakhstan in basketball international competitions. They belong to the FIBA Asia zone.Kazakhstan's best finish in international competition was 3rd in the 2002 Asian Games, beating the Philippines in the bronze medal game, and a fourth place...

Kazakhstan national football team

The Kazakhstan national football team represents Kazakhstan in international men's association football and is directed by Football Federation of Kazakhstan. They split from the Soviet Union national football team after independence in 1991 and joined the Asian Football Confederation's Central and...

Kazakhstan national futsal team

The Kazakhstan national futsal team is controlled by the Football Federation of Kazakhstan , the governing body for futsal in Kazakhstan and represents the country in international futsal competitions, such as World Cup and the European Championships....

Kazakhstan men's national ice hockey team Kazakhstan Premier League Kazakhstan women's national ice hockey team Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team

Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team

The Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team represents the Kazakhstan in international volleyball competitions. The team qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics by ending up in fifth place at the Olympic Qualifier in Japan.-Olympic Games:...

Seimar Open

Seimar Open is an annual Kazakhstan golf championship.The Seimar Open finds the Kazakhstan golf champion and presents the grand-prix Challenge cup the “Big egg”. Grand-prix – Challenge cup “Big egg” was founded in 1998 by the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev...

Others

Environmental issues in Kazakhstan

There are a number of environmental issues in Kazakhstan, in large part due to its years under the Soviet Union.Partly because of the country's enormous semi-arid steppe, the Soviet government used Kazakhstan as its nuclear testing site. Along with near-absent pollution controls, this has...

Healthcare in KazakhstanInternet in KazakhstanList of protected areas of Kazakhstan List of birds of KazakhstanList of mammals of KazakhstanList of national parks of Kazakhstan Music of Kazakhstan

Music of Kazakhstan

Postage stamps and postal history of Kazakhstan

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Kazakhstan.Under the Soviet Union, the Kazakh SSR postal service was an integral part of the Soviet system. The republic was periodically recognized in sets of stamps honoring the different parts of the USSR.Kazakhstan became independent...

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